Merge commit '7b1f03477f1a43d2261fbd83e50a4ad90c7f806d'

* commit '7b1f03477f1a43d2261fbd83e50a4ad90c7f806d':
  examples/avcodec: split the remaining two examples into separate files

Merged-by: Clément Bœsch <u@pkh.me>

configure

@@ -1462,9 +1462,10 @@ EXAMPLE_LIST="
     avio_dir_cmd_example
     avio_reading_example
     decode_audio_example
-    decoding_encoding_example
+    decode_video_example
     demuxing_decoding_example
     encode_audio_example
+    encode_video_example
     extract_mvs_example
     filter_audio_example
     filtering_audio_example
@@ -3170,9 +3171,10 @@ scale_vaapi_filter_deps="vaapi VAProcPipelineParameterBuffer"
 avio_dir_cmd_deps="avformat avutil"
 avio_reading_deps="avformat avcodec avutil"
 decode_audio_example_deps="avcodec avutil"
-decoding_encoding_example_deps="avcodec avformat avutil"
+decode_video_example_deps="avcodec avutil"
 demuxing_decoding_example_deps="avcodec avformat avutil"
 encode_audio_example_deps="avcodec avutil"
+encode_video_example_deps="avcodec avutil"
 extract_mvs_example_deps="avcodec avformat avutil"
 filter_audio_example_deps="avfilter avutil"
 filtering_audio_example_deps="avfilter avcodec avformat avutil"

doc/Makefile

@@ -39,9 +39,10 @@ DOCS = $(DOCS-yes)
 DOC_EXAMPLES-$(CONFIG_AVIO_DIR_CMD_EXAMPLE)      += avio_dir_cmd
 DOC_EXAMPLES-$(CONFIG_AVIO_READING_EXAMPLE)      += avio_reading
 DOC_EXAMPLES-$(CONFIG_DECODE_AUDIO_EXAMPLE)      += decode_audio
-DOC_EXAMPLES-$(CONFIG_DECODING_ENCODING_EXAMPLE) += decoding_encoding
+DOC_EXAMPLES-$(CONFIG_DECODE_VIDEO_EXAMPLE)      += decode_video
 DOC_EXAMPLES-$(CONFIG_DEMUXING_DECODING_EXAMPLE) += demuxing_decoding
 DOC_EXAMPLES-$(CONFIG_ENCODE_AUDIO_EXAMPLE)      += encode_audio
+DOC_EXAMPLES-$(CONFIG_ENCODE_VIDEO_EXAMPLE)      += encode_video
 DOC_EXAMPLES-$(CONFIG_EXTRACT_MVS_EXAMPLE)       += extract_mvs
 DOC_EXAMPLES-$(CONFIG_FILTER_AUDIO_EXAMPLE)      += filter_audio
 DOC_EXAMPLES-$(CONFIG_FILTERING_AUDIO_EXAMPLE)   += filtering_audio

doc/examples/.gitignore

@@ -1,9 +1,10 @@
 /avio_dir_cmd
 /avio_reading
 /decode_audio
-/decoding_encoding
+/decode_video
 /demuxing_decoding
 /encode_audio
+/encode_video
 /extract_mvs
 /filter_audio
 /filtering_audio

doc/examples/Makefile

@@ -14,9 +14,10 @@ LDLIBS := $(shell pkg-config --libs $(FFMPEG_LIBS)) $(LDLIBS)
 EXAMPLES=       avio_dir_cmd                       \
                 avio_reading                       \
                 decode_audio                       \
-                decoding_encoding                  \
+                decode_video                       \
                 demuxing_decoding                  \
                 encode_audio                       \
+                encode_video                       \
                 extract_mvs                        \
                 filtering_video                    \
                 filtering_audio                    \

doc/examples/decode_video.c

@@ -0,0 +1,182 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (c) 2001 Fabrice Bellard
+ *
+ * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
+ * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
+ * in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
+ * to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
+ * copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
+ * furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+ *
+ * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
+ * all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+ *
+ * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+ * IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+ * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL
+ * THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+ * LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+ * OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN
+ * THE SOFTWARE.
+ */
+
+/**
+ * @file
+ * video decoding with libavcodec API example
+ *
+ * @example decode_video.c
+ */
+
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <string.h>
+
+#include <libavcodec/avcodec.h>
+
+#define INBUF_SIZE 4096
+
+static void pgm_save(unsigned char *buf, int wrap, int xsize, int ysize,
+                     char *filename)
+{
+    FILE *f;
+    int i;
+
+    f = fopen(filename,"w");
+    fprintf(f, "P5\n%d %d\n%d\n", xsize, ysize, 255);
+    for (i = 0; i < ysize; i++)
+        fwrite(buf + i * wrap, 1, xsize, f);
+    fclose(f);
+}
+
+static int decode_write_frame(const char *outfilename, AVCodecContext *avctx,
+                              AVFrame *frame, int *frame_count, AVPacket *pkt, int last)
+{
+    int len, got_frame;
+    char buf[1024];
+
+    len = avcodec_decode_video2(avctx, frame, &got_frame, pkt);
+    if (len < 0) {
+        fprintf(stderr, "Error while decoding frame %d\n", *frame_count);
+        return len;
+    }
+    if (got_frame) {
+        printf("Saving %sframe %3d\n", last ? "last " : "", *frame_count);
+        fflush(stdout);
+
+        /* the picture is allocated by the decoder, no need to free it */
+        snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), outfilename, *frame_count);
+        pgm_save(frame->data[0], frame->linesize[0],
+                 frame->width, frame->height, buf);
+        (*frame_count)++;
+    }
+    if (pkt->data) {
+        pkt->size -= len;
+        pkt->data += len;
+    }
+    return 0;
+}
+
+int main(int argc, char **argv)
+{
+    const char *filename, *outfilename;
+    AVCodec *codec;
+    AVCodecContext *c= NULL;
+    int frame_count;
+    FILE *f;
+    AVFrame *frame;
+    uint8_t inbuf[INBUF_SIZE + AV_INPUT_BUFFER_PADDING_SIZE];
+    AVPacket avpkt;
+
+    if (argc <= 2) {
+        fprintf(stderr, "Usage: %s <input file> <output file>\n", argv[0]);
+        exit(0);
+    }
+    filename    = argv[1];
+    outfilename = argv[2];
+
+    avcodec_register_all();
+
+    av_init_packet(&avpkt);
+
+    /* set end of buffer to 0 (this ensures that no overreading happens for damaged MPEG streams) */
+    memset(inbuf + INBUF_SIZE, 0, AV_INPUT_BUFFER_PADDING_SIZE);
+
+    /* find the MPEG-1 video decoder */
+    codec = avcodec_find_decoder(AV_CODEC_ID_MPEG1VIDEO);
+    if (!codec) {
+        fprintf(stderr, "Codec not found\n");
+        exit(1);
+    }
+
+    c = avcodec_alloc_context3(codec);
+    if (!c) {
+        fprintf(stderr, "Could not allocate video codec context\n");
+        exit(1);
+    }
+
+    if (codec->capabilities & AV_CODEC_CAP_TRUNCATED)
+        c->flags |= AV_CODEC_FLAG_TRUNCATED; // we do not send complete frames
+
+    /* For some codecs, such as msmpeg4 and mpeg4, width and height
+       MUST be initialized there because this information is not
+       available in the bitstream. */
+
+    /* open it */
+    if (avcodec_open2(c, codec, NULL) < 0) {
+        fprintf(stderr, "Could not open codec\n");
+        exit(1);
+    }
+
+    f = fopen(filename, "rb");
+    if (!f) {
+        fprintf(stderr, "Could not open %s\n", filename);
+        exit(1);
+    }
+
+    frame = av_frame_alloc();
+    if (!frame) {
+        fprintf(stderr, "Could not allocate video frame\n");
+        exit(1);
+    }
+
+    frame_count = 0;
+    for (;;) {
+        avpkt.size = fread(inbuf, 1, INBUF_SIZE, f);
+        if (avpkt.size == 0)
+            break;
+
+        /* NOTE1: some codecs are stream based (mpegvideo, mpegaudio)
+           and this is the only method to use them because you cannot
+           know the compressed data size before analysing it.
+
+           BUT some other codecs (msmpeg4, mpeg4) are inherently frame
+           based, so you must call them with all the data for one
+           frame exactly. You must also initialize 'width' and
+           'height' before initializing them. */
+
+        /* NOTE2: some codecs allow the raw parameters (frame size,
+           sample rate) to be changed at any frame. We handle this, so
+           you should also take care of it */
+
+        /* here, we use a stream based decoder (mpeg1video), so we
+           feed decoder and see if it could decode a frame */
+        avpkt.data = inbuf;
+        while (avpkt.size > 0)
+            if (decode_write_frame(outfilename, c, frame, &frame_count, &avpkt, 0) < 0)
+                exit(1);
+    }
+
+    /* Some codecs, such as MPEG, transmit the I- and P-frame with a
+       latency of one frame. You must do the following to have a
+       chance to get the last frame of the video. */
+    avpkt.data = NULL;
+    avpkt.size = 0;
+    decode_write_frame(outfilename, c, frame, &frame_count, &avpkt, 1);
+
+    fclose(f);
+
+    avcodec_free_context(&c);
+    av_frame_free(&frame);
+
+    return 0;
+}

doc/examples/decoding_encoding.c

@@ -1,361 +0,0 @@
-/*
- * Copyright (c) 2001 Fabrice Bellard
- *
- * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
- * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
- * in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
- * to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
- * copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
- * furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
- *
- * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
- * all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
- *
- * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
- * IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
- * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL
- * THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
- * LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
- * OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN
- * THE SOFTWARE.
- */
-
-/**
- * @file
- * libavcodec API use example.
- *
- * @example decoding_encoding.c
- * Note that libavcodec only handles codecs (MPEG, MPEG-4, etc...),
- * not file formats (AVI, VOB, MP4, MOV, MKV, MXF, FLV, MPEG-TS, MPEG-PS, etc...).
- * See library 'libavformat' for the format handling
- */
-
-#include <math.h>
-
-#include <libavutil/opt.h>
-#include <libavcodec/avcodec.h>
-#include <libavutil/channel_layout.h>
-#include <libavutil/common.h>
-#include <libavutil/imgutils.h>
-#include <libavutil/mathematics.h>
-#include <libavutil/samplefmt.h>
-
-#define INBUF_SIZE 4096
-
-/*
- * Video encoding example
- */
-static void video_encode_example(const char *filename, int codec_id)
-{
-    AVCodec *codec;
-    AVCodecContext *c= NULL;
-    int i, ret, x, y, got_output;
-    FILE *f;
-    AVFrame *frame;
-    AVPacket pkt;
-    uint8_t endcode[] = { 0, 0, 1, 0xb7 };
-
-    printf("Encode video file %s\n", filename);
-
-    /* find the video encoder */
-    codec = avcodec_find_encoder(codec_id);
-    if (!codec) {
-        fprintf(stderr, "Codec not found\n");
-        exit(1);
-    }
-
-    c = avcodec_alloc_context3(codec);
-    if (!c) {
-        fprintf(stderr, "Could not allocate video codec context\n");
-        exit(1);
-    }
-
-    /* put sample parameters */
-    c->bit_rate = 400000;
-    /* resolution must be a multiple of two */
-    c->width = 352;
-    c->height = 288;
-    /* frames per second */
-    c->time_base = (AVRational){1,25};
-    /* emit one intra frame every ten frames
-     * check frame pict_type before passing frame
-     * to encoder, if frame->pict_type is AV_PICTURE_TYPE_I
-     * then gop_size is ignored and the output of encoder
-     * will always be I frame irrespective to gop_size
-     */
-    c->gop_size = 10;
-    c->max_b_frames = 1;
-    c->pix_fmt = AV_PIX_FMT_YUV420P;
-
-    if (codec_id == AV_CODEC_ID_H264)
-        av_opt_set(c->priv_data, "preset", "slow", 0);
-
-    /* open it */
-    if (avcodec_open2(c, codec, NULL) < 0) {
-        fprintf(stderr, "Could not open codec\n");
-        exit(1);
-    }
-
-    f = fopen(filename, "wb");
-    if (!f) {
-        fprintf(stderr, "Could not open %s\n", filename);
-        exit(1);
-    }
-
-    frame = av_frame_alloc();
-    if (!frame) {
-        fprintf(stderr, "Could not allocate video frame\n");
-        exit(1);
-    }
-    frame->format = c->pix_fmt;
-    frame->width  = c->width;
-    frame->height = c->height;
-
-    /* the image can be allocated by any means and av_image_alloc() is
-     * just the most convenient way if av_malloc() is to be used */
-    ret = av_image_alloc(frame->data, frame->linesize, c->width, c->height,
-                         c->pix_fmt, 32);
-    if (ret < 0) {
-        fprintf(stderr, "Could not allocate raw picture buffer\n");
-        exit(1);
-    }
-
-    /* encode 1 second of video */
-    for (i = 0; i < 25; i++) {
-        av_init_packet(&pkt);
-        pkt.data = NULL;    // packet data will be allocated by the encoder
-        pkt.size = 0;
-
-        fflush(stdout);
-        /* prepare a dummy image */
-        /* Y */
-        for (y = 0; y < c->height; y++) {
-            for (x = 0; x < c->width; x++) {
-                frame->data[0][y * frame->linesize[0] + x] = x + y + i * 3;
-            }
-        }
-
-        /* Cb and Cr */
-        for (y = 0; y < c->height/2; y++) {
-            for (x = 0; x < c->width/2; x++) {
-                frame->data[1][y * frame->linesize[1] + x] = 128 + y + i * 2;
-                frame->data[2][y * frame->linesize[2] + x] = 64 + x + i * 5;
-            }
-        }
-
-        frame->pts = i;
-
-        /* encode the image */
-        ret = avcodec_encode_video2(c, &pkt, frame, &got_output);
-        if (ret < 0) {
-            fprintf(stderr, "Error encoding frame\n");
-            exit(1);
-        }
-
-        if (got_output) {
-            printf("Write frame %3d (size=%5d)\n", i, pkt.size);
-            fwrite(pkt.data, 1, pkt.size, f);
-            av_packet_unref(&pkt);
-        }
-    }
-
-    /* get the delayed frames */
-    for (got_output = 1; got_output; i++) {
-        fflush(stdout);
-
-        ret = avcodec_encode_video2(c, &pkt, NULL, &got_output);
-        if (ret < 0) {
-            fprintf(stderr, "Error encoding frame\n");
-            exit(1);
-        }
-
-        if (got_output) {
-            printf("Write frame %3d (size=%5d)\n", i, pkt.size);
-            fwrite(pkt.data, 1, pkt.size, f);
-            av_packet_unref(&pkt);
-        }
-    }
-
-    /* add sequence end code to have a real MPEG file */
-    fwrite(endcode, 1, sizeof(endcode), f);
-    fclose(f);
-
-    avcodec_free_context(&c);
-    av_freep(&frame->data[0]);
-    av_frame_free(&frame);
-    printf("\n");
-}
-
-/*
- * Video decoding example
- */
-
-static void pgm_save(unsigned char *buf, int wrap, int xsize, int ysize,
-                     char *filename)
-{
-    FILE *f;
-    int i;
-
-    f = fopen(filename,"w");
-    fprintf(f, "P5\n%d %d\n%d\n", xsize, ysize, 255);
-    for (i = 0; i < ysize; i++)
-        fwrite(buf + i * wrap, 1, xsize, f);
-    fclose(f);
-}
-
-static int decode_write_frame(const char *outfilename, AVCodecContext *avctx,
-                              AVFrame *frame, int *frame_count, AVPacket *pkt, int last)
-{
-    int len, got_frame;
-    char buf[1024];
-
-    len = avcodec_decode_video2(avctx, frame, &got_frame, pkt);
-    if (len < 0) {
-        fprintf(stderr, "Error while decoding frame %d\n", *frame_count);
-        return len;
-    }
-    if (got_frame) {
-        printf("Saving %sframe %3d\n", last ? "last " : "", *frame_count);
-        fflush(stdout);
-
-        /* the picture is allocated by the decoder, no need to free it */
-        snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), outfilename, *frame_count);
-        pgm_save(frame->data[0], frame->linesize[0],
-                 frame->width, frame->height, buf);
-        (*frame_count)++;
-    }
-    if (pkt->data) {
-        pkt->size -= len;
-        pkt->data += len;
-    }
-    return 0;
-}
-
-static void video_decode_example(const char *outfilename, const char *filename)
-{
-    AVCodec *codec;
-    AVCodecContext *c= NULL;
-    int frame_count;
-    FILE *f;
-    AVFrame *frame;
-    uint8_t inbuf[INBUF_SIZE + AV_INPUT_BUFFER_PADDING_SIZE];
-    AVPacket avpkt;
-
-    av_init_packet(&avpkt);
-
-    /* set end of buffer to 0 (this ensures that no overreading happens for damaged MPEG streams) */
-    memset(inbuf + INBUF_SIZE, 0, AV_INPUT_BUFFER_PADDING_SIZE);
-
-    printf("Decode video file %s to %s\n", filename, outfilename);
-
-    /* find the MPEG-1 video decoder */
-    codec = avcodec_find_decoder(AV_CODEC_ID_MPEG1VIDEO);
-    if (!codec) {
-        fprintf(stderr, "Codec not found\n");
-        exit(1);
-    }
-
-    c = avcodec_alloc_context3(codec);
-    if (!c) {
-        fprintf(stderr, "Could not allocate video codec context\n");
-        exit(1);
-    }
-
-    if (codec->capabilities & AV_CODEC_CAP_TRUNCATED)
-        c->flags |= AV_CODEC_FLAG_TRUNCATED; // we do not send complete frames
-
-    /* For some codecs, such as msmpeg4 and mpeg4, width and height
-       MUST be initialized there because this information is not
-       available in the bitstream. */
-
-    /* open it */
-    if (avcodec_open2(c, codec, NULL) < 0) {
-        fprintf(stderr, "Could not open codec\n");
-        exit(1);
-    }
-
-    f = fopen(filename, "rb");
-    if (!f) {
-        fprintf(stderr, "Could not open %s\n", filename);
-        exit(1);
-    }
-
-    frame = av_frame_alloc();
-    if (!frame) {
-        fprintf(stderr, "Could not allocate video frame\n");
-        exit(1);
-    }
-
-    frame_count = 0;
-    for (;;) {
-        avpkt.size = fread(inbuf, 1, INBUF_SIZE, f);
-        if (avpkt.size == 0)
-            break;
-
-        /* NOTE1: some codecs are stream based (mpegvideo, mpegaudio)
-           and this is the only method to use them because you cannot
-           know the compressed data size before analysing it.
-
-           BUT some other codecs (msmpeg4, mpeg4) are inherently frame
-           based, so you must call them with all the data for one
-           frame exactly. You must also initialize 'width' and
-           'height' before initializing them. */
-
-        /* NOTE2: some codecs allow the raw parameters (frame size,
-           sample rate) to be changed at any frame. We handle this, so
-           you should also take care of it */
-
-        /* here, we use a stream based decoder (mpeg1video), so we
-           feed decoder and see if it could decode a frame */
-        avpkt.data = inbuf;
-        while (avpkt.size > 0)
-            if (decode_write_frame(outfilename, c, frame, &frame_count, &avpkt, 0) < 0)
-                exit(1);
-    }
-
-    /* Some codecs, such as MPEG, transmit the I- and P-frame with a
-       latency of one frame. You must do the following to have a
-       chance to get the last frame of the video. */
-    avpkt.data = NULL;
-    avpkt.size = 0;
-    decode_write_frame(outfilename, c, frame, &frame_count, &avpkt, 1);
-
-    fclose(f);
-
-    avcodec_free_context(&c);
-    av_frame_free(&frame);
-    printf("\n");
-}
-
-int main(int argc, char **argv)
-{
-    const char *output_type;
-
-    /* register all the codecs */
-    avcodec_register_all();
-
-    if (argc < 2) {
-        printf("usage: %s output_type\n"
-               "API example program to decode/encode a media stream with libavcodec.\n"
-               "This program generates a synthetic stream and encodes it to a file\n"
-               "named test.h264, test.mp2 or test.mpg depending on output_type.\n"
-               "The encoded stream is then decoded and written to a raw data output.\n"
-               "output_type must be chosen between 'h264', 'mp2', 'mpg'.\n",
-               argv[0]);
-        return 1;
-    }
-    output_type = argv[1];
-
-    if (!strcmp(output_type, "h264")) {
-        video_encode_example("test.h264", AV_CODEC_ID_H264);
-    } else if (!strcmp(output_type, "mpg")) {
-        video_encode_example("test.mpg", AV_CODEC_ID_MPEG1VIDEO);
-        video_decode_example("test%02d.pgm", "test.mpg");
-    } else {
-        fprintf(stderr, "Invalid output type '%s', choose between 'h264', 'mp2', or 'mpg'\n",
-                output_type);
-        return 1;
-    }
-
-    return 0;
-}

doc/examples/encode_video.c

@@ -0,0 +1,187 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (c) 2001 Fabrice Bellard
+ *
+ * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
+ * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
+ * in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
+ * to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
+ * copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
+ * furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+ *
+ * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
+ * all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+ *
+ * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+ * IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+ * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL
+ * THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+ * LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+ * OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN
+ * THE SOFTWARE.
+ */
+
+/**
+ * @file
+ * video encoding with libavcodec API example
+ *
+ * @example encode_video.c
+ */
+
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <string.h>
+
+#include <libavcodec/avcodec.h>
+
+#include <libavutil/opt.h>
+#include <libavutil/imgutils.h>
+
+int main(int argc, char **argv)
+{
+    const char *filename, *codec_name;
+    AVCodec *codec;
+    AVCodecContext *c= NULL;
+    int i, ret, x, y, got_output;
+    FILE *f;
+    AVFrame *frame;
+    AVPacket pkt;
+    uint8_t endcode[] = { 0, 0, 1, 0xb7 };
+
+    if (argc <= 2) {
+        fprintf(stderr, "Usage: %s <output file> <codec name>\n", argv[0]);
+        exit(0);
+    }
+    filename = argv[1];
+    codec_name = argv[2];
+
+    avcodec_register_all();
+
+    /* find the mpeg1video encoder */
+    codec = avcodec_find_encoder_by_name(codec_name);
+    if (!codec) {
+        fprintf(stderr, "Codec not found\n");
+        exit(1);
+    }
+
+    c = avcodec_alloc_context3(codec);
+    if (!c) {
+        fprintf(stderr, "Could not allocate video codec context\n");
+        exit(1);
+    }
+
+    /* put sample parameters */
+    c->bit_rate = 400000;
+    /* resolution must be a multiple of two */
+    c->width = 352;
+    c->height = 288;
+    /* frames per second */
+    c->time_base = (AVRational){1,25};
+    /* emit one intra frame every ten frames
+     * check frame pict_type before passing frame
+     * to encoder, if frame->pict_type is AV_PICTURE_TYPE_I
+     * then gop_size is ignored and the output of encoder
+     * will always be I frame irrespective to gop_size
+     */
+    c->gop_size = 10;
+    c->max_b_frames = 1;
+    c->pix_fmt = AV_PIX_FMT_YUV420P;
+
+    if (codec->id == AV_CODEC_ID_H264)
+        av_opt_set(c->priv_data, "preset", "slow", 0);
+
+    /* open it */
+    if (avcodec_open2(c, codec, NULL) < 0) {
+        fprintf(stderr, "Could not open codec\n");
+        exit(1);
+    }
+
+    f = fopen(filename, "wb");
+    if (!f) {
+        fprintf(stderr, "Could not open %s\n", filename);
+        exit(1);
+    }
+
+    frame = av_frame_alloc();
+    if (!frame) {
+        fprintf(stderr, "Could not allocate video frame\n");
+        exit(1);
+    }
+    frame->format = c->pix_fmt;
+    frame->width  = c->width;
+    frame->height = c->height;
+
+    /* the image can be allocated by any means and av_image_alloc() is
+     * just the most convenient way if av_malloc() is to be used */
+    ret = av_image_alloc(frame->data, frame->linesize, c->width, c->height,
+                         c->pix_fmt, 32);
+    if (ret < 0) {
+        fprintf(stderr, "Could not allocate raw picture buffer\n");
+        exit(1);
+    }
+
+    /* encode 1 second of video */
+    for (i = 0; i < 25; i++) {
+        av_init_packet(&pkt);
+        pkt.data = NULL;    // packet data will be allocated by the encoder
+        pkt.size = 0;
+
+        fflush(stdout);
+        /* prepare a dummy image */
+        /* Y */
+        for (y = 0; y < c->height; y++) {
+            for (x = 0; x < c->width; x++) {
+                frame->data[0][y * frame->linesize[0] + x] = x + y + i * 3;
+            }
+        }
+
+        /* Cb and Cr */
+        for (y = 0; y < c->height/2; y++) {
+            for (x = 0; x < c->width/2; x++) {
+                frame->data[1][y * frame->linesize[1] + x] = 128 + y + i * 2;
+                frame->data[2][y * frame->linesize[2] + x] = 64 + x + i * 5;
+            }
+        }
+
+        frame->pts = i;
+
+        /* encode the image */
+        ret = avcodec_encode_video2(c, &pkt, frame, &got_output);
+        if (ret < 0) {
+            fprintf(stderr, "Error encoding frame\n");
+            exit(1);
+        }
+
+        if (got_output) {
+            printf("Write frame %3d (size=%5d)\n", i, pkt.size);
+            fwrite(pkt.data, 1, pkt.size, f);
+            av_packet_unref(&pkt);
+        }
+    }
+
+    /* get the delayed frames */
+    for (got_output = 1; got_output; i++) {
+        fflush(stdout);
+
+        ret = avcodec_encode_video2(c, &pkt, NULL, &got_output);
+        if (ret < 0) {
+            fprintf(stderr, "Error encoding frame\n");
+            exit(1);
+        }
+
+        if (got_output) {
+            printf("Write frame %3d (size=%5d)\n", i, pkt.size);
+            fwrite(pkt.data, 1, pkt.size, f);
+            av_packet_unref(&pkt);
+        }
+    }
+
+    /* add sequence end code to have a real MPEG file */
+    fwrite(endcode, 1, sizeof(endcode), f);
+    fclose(f);
+
+    avcodec_free_context(&c);
+    av_freep(&frame->data[0]);
+    av_frame_free(&frame);
+
+    return 0;
+}