Carla/source/backend/plugin/CarlaPluginVST3.cpp

/*
 * Carla VST3 Plugin
 * Copyright (C) 2014-2022 Filipe Coelho <falktx@falktx.com>
 *
 * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
 * modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as
 * published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of
 * the License, or any later version.
 *
 * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
 * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
 * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
 * GNU General Public License for more details.
 *
 * For a full copy of the GNU General Public License see the doc/GPL.txt file.
 */

/* TODO list
 * noexcept safe calls
 * paramId vs index
 */
#include "CarlaPluginInternal.hpp"
#include "CarlaEngine.hpp"
#include "AppConfig.h"

#if defined(USING_JUCE) && JUCE_PLUGINHOST_VST3
# define USE_JUCE_FOR_VST3
#endif

#include "CarlaBackendUtils.hpp"
#include "CarlaVst3Utils.hpp"

#include "CarlaPluginUI.hpp"

#ifdef CARLA_OS_MAC
# include "CarlaMacUtils.hpp"
# import <Foundation/Foundation.h>
#endif

#include "water/files/File.h"

CARLA_BACKEND_START_NAMESPACE

// --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

static inline
size_t strlen_utf16(const int16_t* const str)
{
    size_t i = 0;

    while (str[i] != 0)
        ++i;

    return i;
}

// --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

static inline
void strncpy_utf8(char* const dst, const int16_t* const src, const size_t length)
{
    CARLA_SAFE_ASSERT_RETURN(length > 0,);

    if (const size_t len = std::min(strlen_utf16(src), length-1U))
    {
        for (size_t i=0; i<len; ++i)
        {
            // skip non-ascii chars, unsupported
            if (src[i] >= 0x80)
                continue;

            dst[i] = static_cast<char>(src[i]);
        }
        dst[len] = 0;
    }
    else
    {
        dst[0] = 0;
    }
}

// --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

static uint32_t V3_API v3_ref_static(void*) { return 1; }
static uint32_t V3_API v3_unref_static(void*) { return 0; }

struct carla_v3_host_application : v3_host_application_cpp {
    carla_v3_host_application()
    {
        query_interface = carla_query_interface;
        ref = v3_ref_static;
        unref = v3_unref_static;
        app.get_name = carla_get_name;
        app.create_instance = carla_create_instance;
    }

    static v3_result V3_API carla_query_interface(void* const self, const v3_tuid iid, void** const iface)
    {
        if (v3_tuid_match(iid, v3_funknown_iid) ||
            v3_tuid_match(iid, v3_host_application_iid))
        {
            *iface = self;
            return V3_OK;
        }

        *iface = nullptr;
        return V3_NO_INTERFACE;
    }

    static v3_result V3_API carla_get_name(void*, v3_str_128 name)
    {
        static const char hostname[] = "Carla-Discovery\0";

        for (size_t i=0; i<sizeof(hostname); ++i)
            name[i] = hostname[i];

        return V3_OK;
    }

    // TODO
    static v3_result V3_API carla_create_instance(void*, v3_tuid, v3_tuid, void**) { return V3_NOT_IMPLEMENTED; }

    CARLA_DECLARE_NON_COPYABLE(carla_v3_host_application)
};

struct carla_v3_plugin_frame : v3_plugin_frame_cpp {
};

// --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

struct carla_v3_input_param_value_queue : v3_param_value_queue_cpp {
    const v3_param_id paramId;
    int8_t numUsed;

    struct Point {
        int32_t offset;
        float value;
    } points[32];

    carla_v3_input_param_value_queue(const v3_param_id pId)
        : paramId(pId),
          numUsed(0)
    {
        query_interface = carla_query_interface;
        ref = v3_ref_static;
        unref = v3_unref_static;
        queue.get_param_id = carla_get_param_id;
        queue.get_point_count = carla_get_point_count;
        queue.get_point = carla_get_point;
        queue.add_point = carla_add_point;
    }

private:
    static v3_result V3_API carla_query_interface(void* const self, const v3_tuid iid, void** const iface)
    {
        if (v3_tuid_match(iid, v3_funknown_iid) ||
            v3_tuid_match(iid, v3_param_value_queue_iid))
        {
            *iface = self;
            return V3_OK;
        }

        *iface = nullptr;
        return V3_NO_INTERFACE;
    }

    static v3_param_id V3_API carla_get_param_id(void* self)
    {
        carla_v3_input_param_value_queue* const me = *static_cast<carla_v3_input_param_value_queue**>(self);
        return me->paramId;
    }

    static int32_t V3_API carla_get_point_count(void* self)
    {
        carla_v3_input_param_value_queue* const me = *static_cast<carla_v3_input_param_value_queue**>(self);
        return me->numUsed;
    }

    static v3_result V3_API carla_get_point(void* const self, const int32_t idx, int32_t* const sample_offset, double* const value)
    {
        carla_v3_input_param_value_queue* const me = *static_cast<carla_v3_input_param_value_queue**>(self);
        CARLA_SAFE_ASSERT_INT2_RETURN(idx < me->numUsed, idx, me->numUsed, V3_INVALID_ARG);

        *sample_offset = me->points[idx].offset;
        *value = me->points[idx].value;
        return V3_OK;
    }

    static v3_result V3_API carla_add_point(void*, int32_t, double, int32_t*)
    {
        // there is nothing here for input parameters, plugins are not meant to call this!
        return V3_NOT_IMPLEMENTED;
    }

    CARLA_DECLARE_NON_COPYABLE(carla_v3_input_param_value_queue)
};

struct carla_v3_input_param_changes : v3_param_changes_cpp {
    const uint32_t paramCount;

    struct UpdatedParam {
        bool updated;
        float value;
    }* const updatedParams;

    carla_v3_input_param_value_queue** const queue;

    // data given to plugins
    v3_param_value_queue*** pluginExposedQueue;
    int32_t pluginExposedCount;

    carla_v3_input_param_changes(const PluginParameterData& paramData)
        : paramCount(paramData.count),
          updatedParams(new UpdatedParam[paramData.count]),
          queue(new carla_v3_input_param_value_queue*[paramData.count]),
          pluginExposedQueue(new v3_param_value_queue**[paramData.count]),
          pluginExposedCount(0)
    {
        for (uint32_t i=0; i<paramData.count; ++i)
            queue[i] = new carla_v3_input_param_value_queue(static_cast<v3_param_id>(paramData.data[i].rindex));

        query_interface = carla_query_interface;
        ref = v3_ref_static;
        unref = v3_unref_static;
        changes.get_param_count = carla_get_param_count;
        changes.get_param_data = carla_get_param_data;
        changes.add_param_data = carla_add_param_data;
    }

    // called during start of process, gathering all parameter update requests so far
    void init()
    {
        for (uint32_t i=0; i<paramCount; ++i)
        {
            if (updatedParams[i].updated)
            {
                queue[i]->numUsed = 1;
                queue[i]->points[0].offset = 0;
                queue[i]->points[0].value = updatedParams[i].value;
            }
            else
            {
                queue[i]->numUsed = 0;
            }
        }
    }

    // called just before plugin processing, creating local queue
    void prepare()
    {
        int32_t count = 0;

        for (uint32_t i=0; i<paramCount; ++i)
        {
            if (queue[i]->numUsed)
                pluginExposedQueue[count++] = (v3_param_value_queue**)&queue[i];
        }

        pluginExposedCount = count;
    }

    // called when a parameter is set from non-rt thread
    void setParamValue(const uint32_t index, const float value) noexcept
    {
        updatedParams[index].value = value;
        updatedParams[index].updated = true;
    }

private:
    static v3_result V3_API carla_query_interface(void* const self, const v3_tuid iid, void** const iface)
    {
        if (v3_tuid_match(iid, v3_funknown_iid) ||
            v3_tuid_match(iid, v3_param_changes_iid))
        {
            *iface = self;
            return V3_OK;
        }

        *iface = nullptr;
        return V3_NO_INTERFACE;
    }

    static int32_t V3_API carla_get_param_count(void* const self)
    {
        carla_v3_input_param_changes* const me = *static_cast<carla_v3_input_param_changes**>(self);
        return me->pluginExposedCount;
    }

    static v3_param_value_queue** V3_API carla_get_param_data(void* const self, const int32_t index)
    {
        carla_v3_input_param_changes* const me = *static_cast<carla_v3_input_param_changes**>(self);
        return me->pluginExposedQueue[index];
    }

    static v3_param_value_queue** V3_API carla_add_param_data(void*, v3_param_id*, int32_t*)
    {
        // there is nothing here for input parameters, plugins are not meant to call this!
        return nullptr;
    }

    CARLA_DECLARE_NON_COPYABLE(carla_v3_input_param_changes)
};

// --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

struct carla_v3_output_param_changes : v3_param_changes_cpp {
    carla_v3_output_param_changes()
    {
        query_interface = carla_query_interface;
        ref = v3_ref_static;
        unref = v3_unref_static;
        changes.get_param_count = carla_get_param_count;
        changes.get_param_data = carla_get_param_data;
        changes.add_param_data = carla_add_param_data;
    }

    static v3_result V3_API carla_query_interface(void* const self, const v3_tuid iid, void** const iface)
    {
        if (v3_tuid_match(iid, v3_funknown_iid) ||
            v3_tuid_match(iid, v3_param_changes_iid))
        {
            *iface = self;
            return V3_OK;
        }

        *iface = nullptr;
        return V3_NO_INTERFACE;
    }

    static int32_t V3_API carla_get_param_count(void*) { return 0; }
    static v3_param_value_queue** V3_API carla_get_param_data(void*, int32_t) { return nullptr; }
    static v3_param_value_queue** V3_API carla_add_param_data(void*, v3_param_id*, int32_t*) { return nullptr; }

    CARLA_DECLARE_NON_COPYABLE(carla_v3_output_param_changes)
};

// --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

struct carla_v3_input_event_list : v3_event_list_cpp {
    v3_event events[kPluginMaxMidiEvents];
    uint16_t numEvents;

    carla_v3_input_event_list()
        : numEvents(0)
    {
        query_interface = carla_query_interface;
        ref = v3_ref_static;
        unref = v3_unref_static;
        list.get_event_count = carla_get_event_count;
        list.get_event = carla_get_event;
        list.add_event = carla_add_event;
    }

private:
    static v3_result V3_API carla_query_interface(void* const self, const v3_tuid iid, void** const iface)
    {
        if (v3_tuid_match(iid, v3_funknown_iid) ||
            v3_tuid_match(iid, v3_event_list_iid))
        {
            *iface = self;
            return V3_OK;
        }

        *iface = nullptr;
        return V3_NO_INTERFACE;
    }

    static uint32_t V3_API carla_get_event_count(void* const self)
    {
        const carla_v3_input_event_list* const me = *static_cast<const carla_v3_input_event_list**>(self);
        return me->numEvents;
    }

    static v3_result V3_API carla_get_event(void* const self, const int32_t index, v3_event* const event)
    {
        const carla_v3_input_event_list* const me = *static_cast<const carla_v3_input_event_list**>(self);
        CARLA_SAFE_ASSERT_RETURN(index < static_cast<int32_t>(me->numEvents), V3_INVALID_ARG);
        std::memcpy(event, &me->events[index], sizeof(v3_event));
        return V3_OK;
    }

    static v3_result V3_API carla_add_event(void*, v3_event*)
    {
        // there is nothing here for input events, plugins are not meant to call this!
        return V3_NOT_IMPLEMENTED;
    }

    CARLA_DECLARE_NON_COPYABLE(carla_v3_input_event_list)
};

// --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

struct carla_v3_output_event_list : v3_event_list_cpp {
    carla_v3_output_event_list()
    {
        query_interface = carla_query_interface;
        ref = v3_ref_static;
        unref = v3_unref_static;
        list.get_event_count = carla_get_event_count;
        list.get_event = carla_get_event;
        list.add_event = carla_add_event;
    }

private:
    static v3_result V3_API carla_query_interface(void* const self, const v3_tuid iid, void** const iface)
    {
        if (v3_tuid_match(iid, v3_funknown_iid) ||
            v3_tuid_match(iid, v3_event_list_iid))
        {
            *iface = self;
            return V3_OK;
        }

        *iface = nullptr;
        return V3_NO_INTERFACE;
    }

    static uint32_t V3_API carla_get_event_count(void*) { return 0; }
    static v3_result V3_API carla_get_event(void*, int32_t, v3_event*) { return V3_NOT_IMPLEMENTED; }
    static v3_result V3_API carla_add_event(void*, v3_event*) { return V3_NOT_IMPLEMENTED; }

    CARLA_DECLARE_NON_COPYABLE(carla_v3_output_event_list)
};

// --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

class CarlaPluginVST3 : public CarlaPlugin,
                        private CarlaPluginUI::Callback
{
public:
    CarlaPluginVST3(CarlaEngine* const engine, const uint id)
        : CarlaPlugin(engine, id),
          fFirstActive(true),
          fAudioAndCvOutBuffers(nullptr),
          fLastKnownLatency(0),
          fLastTimeInfo(),
          fV3TimeContext(),
          fV3Application(new carla_v3_host_application),
          fV3ClassInfo(),
          fV3(),
          fEvents(),
          fUI()
    {
        carla_debug("CarlaPluginVST3::CarlaPluginVST3(%p, %i)", engine, id);

        carla_zeroStruct(fV3TimeContext);
    }

    ~CarlaPluginVST3() override
    {
        carla_debug("CarlaPluginVST3::~CarlaPluginVST3()");

        // close UI
        if (pData->hints & PLUGIN_HAS_CUSTOM_UI)
        {
            if (! fUI.isEmbed)
                showCustomUI(false);

            if (fUI.isAttached)
            {
                fUI.isAttached = false;
                v3_cpp_obj(fV3.view)->removed(fV3.view);
            }
        }

        if (fV3.view != nullptr)
        {
            v3_cpp_obj_unref(fV3.view);
            fV3.view = nullptr;
        }

        pData->singleMutex.lock();
        pData->masterMutex.lock();

        if (pData->client != nullptr && pData->client->isActive())
            pData->client->deactivate(true);

        if (pData->active)
        {
            deactivate();
            pData->active = false;
        }

        clearBuffers();

        fV3.exit();
    }

    // -------------------------------------------------------------------
    // Information (base)

    PluginType getType() const noexcept override
    {
        return PLUGIN_VST3;
    }

    PluginCategory getCategory() const noexcept override
    {
        return getPluginCategoryFromV3SubCategories(fV3ClassInfo.v2.sub_categories);
    }

    uint32_t getLatencyInFrames() const noexcept override
    {
        return fLastKnownLatency;
    }

    // -------------------------------------------------------------------
    // Information (count)

    /* TODO
    uint32_t getMidiInCount() const noexcept override
    {
    }

    uint32_t getMidiOutCount() const noexcept override
    {
    }

    uint32_t getParameterScalePointCount(uint32_t parameterId) const noexcept override
    {
    }
    */

    // -------------------------------------------------------------------
    // Information (current data)

    /* TODO
    std::size_t getChunkData(void** dataPtr) noexcept override
    {
    }
    */

    // -------------------------------------------------------------------
    // Information (per-plugin data)

    uint getOptionsAvailable() const noexcept override
    {
        uint options = 0x0;

        // can't disable fixed buffers if using latency
        if (fLastKnownLatency == 0)
            options |= PLUGIN_OPTION_FIXED_BUFFERS;

        /* TODO
        if (numPrograms > 1)
            options |= PLUGIN_OPTION_MAP_PROGRAM_CHANGES;
        */

        options |= PLUGIN_OPTION_USE_CHUNKS;

        /* TODO
        if (hasMidiInput())
        {
            options |= PLUGIN_OPTION_SEND_CONTROL_CHANGES;
            options |= PLUGIN_OPTION_SEND_CHANNEL_PRESSURE;
            options |= PLUGIN_OPTION_SEND_NOTE_AFTERTOUCH;
            options |= PLUGIN_OPTION_SEND_PITCHBEND;
            options |= PLUGIN_OPTION_SEND_ALL_SOUND_OFF;
            options |= PLUGIN_OPTION_SEND_PROGRAM_CHANGES;
            options |= PLUGIN_OPTION_SKIP_SENDING_NOTES;
        }
        */

        return options;
    }

    float getParameterValue(const uint32_t parameterId) const noexcept override
    {
        CARLA_SAFE_ASSERT_RETURN(fV3.controller != nullptr, 0.0f);
        CARLA_SAFE_ASSERT_RETURN(parameterId < pData->param.count, 0.0f);

        const v3_param_id v3id = pData->param.data[parameterId].rindex;
        const double normalized = v3_cpp_obj(fV3.controller)->get_parameter_normalised(fV3.controller, v3id);

        return static_cast<float>(
            v3_cpp_obj(fV3.controller)->normalised_parameter_to_plain(fV3.controller, v3id, normalized));
    }

    /* TODO
    float getParameterScalePointValue(uint32_t parameterId, uint32_t scalePointId) const noexcept override
    {
    }
    */

    bool getLabel(char* const strBuf) const noexcept override
    {
        std::strncpy(strBuf, fV3ClassInfo.v1.name, STR_MAX);
        return true;
    }

    bool getMaker(char* const strBuf) const noexcept override
    {
        std::strncpy(strBuf, fV3ClassInfo.v2.vendor, STR_MAX);
        return true;
    }

    bool getCopyright(char* const strBuf) const noexcept override
    {
        return getMaker(strBuf);
    }

    bool getRealName(char* const strBuf) const noexcept override
    {
        std::strncpy(strBuf, fV3ClassInfo.v1.name, STR_MAX);
        return true;
    }

    bool getParameterName(const uint32_t parameterId, char* const strBuf) const noexcept override
    {
        CARLA_SAFE_ASSERT_RETURN(fV3.controller != nullptr, 0.0f);
        CARLA_SAFE_ASSERT_RETURN(parameterId < pData->param.count, false);

        v3_param_info paramInfo = {};
        CARLA_SAFE_ASSERT_RETURN(v3_cpp_obj(fV3.controller)->get_parameter_info(fV3.controller,
                                                                                static_cast<int32_t>(parameterId),
                                                                                &paramInfo) == V3_OK, false);

        strncpy_utf8(strBuf, paramInfo.title, STR_MAX);
        return true;
    }

    /* TODO
    bool getParameterSymbol(uint32_t parameterId, char* strBuf) const noexcept override
    {
    }
    */

    bool getParameterText(const uint32_t parameterId, char* const strBuf) noexcept override
    {
        CARLA_SAFE_ASSERT_RETURN(fV3.controller != nullptr, false);
        CARLA_SAFE_ASSERT_RETURN(parameterId < pData->param.count, false);

        const v3_param_id v3id = pData->param.data[parameterId].rindex;
        const double normalized = v3_cpp_obj(fV3.controller)->get_parameter_normalised(fV3.controller, v3id);

        v3_str_128 paramText;
        CARLA_SAFE_ASSERT_RETURN(v3_cpp_obj(fV3.controller)->get_parameter_string_for_value(fV3.controller,
                                                                                            v3id,
                                                                                            normalized,
                                                                                            paramText) == V3_OK, false);

        if (paramText[0] != '\0')
            strncpy_utf8(strBuf, paramText, STR_MAX);
        else
            std::snprintf(strBuf, STR_MAX, "%.12g",
                          v3_cpp_obj(fV3.controller)->normalised_parameter_to_plain(fV3.controller, v3id, normalized));

        return true;
    }

    bool getParameterUnit(const uint32_t parameterId, char* const strBuf) const noexcept override
    {
        CARLA_SAFE_ASSERT_RETURN(fV3.controller != nullptr, false);
        CARLA_SAFE_ASSERT_RETURN(parameterId < pData->param.count, false);

        v3_param_info paramInfo = {};
        CARLA_SAFE_ASSERT_RETURN(v3_cpp_obj(fV3.controller)->get_parameter_info(fV3.controller,
                                                                                static_cast<int32_t>(parameterId),
                                                                                &paramInfo) == V3_OK, false);

        strncpy_utf8(strBuf, paramInfo.units, STR_MAX);
        return true;
    }

    /* TODO
    bool getParameterGroupName(uint32_t parameterId, char* strBuf) const noexcept override
    {
    }

    bool getParameterScalePointLabel(uint32_t parameterId, uint32_t scalePointId, char* strBuf) const noexcept override
    {
    }
    */

    // -------------------------------------------------------------------
    // Set data (state)

    /* TODO
    void prepareForSave(const bool temporary) override
    {
        // component to edit controller state or vice-versa here
    }
    */

    // -------------------------------------------------------------------
    // Set data (internal stuff)

    /* TODO
    void setName(const char* newName) override
    {
    }
    */

    // -------------------------------------------------------------------
    // Set data (plugin-specific stuff)

    void setParameterValue(const uint32_t parameterId, const float value, const bool sendGui, const bool sendOsc, const bool sendCallback) noexcept override
    {
        CARLA_SAFE_ASSERT_RETURN(fV3.controller != nullptr,);
        CARLA_SAFE_ASSERT_RETURN(parameterId < pData->param.count,);

        const v3_param_id v3id = pData->param.data[parameterId].rindex;
        const float fixedValue = pData->param.getFixedValue(parameterId, value);
        const double normalized = v3_cpp_obj(fV3.controller)->plain_parameter_to_normalised(fV3.controller,
                                                                                            v3id,
                                                                                            fixedValue);

        // report value to component (next process call)
        fEvents.paramInputs->setParamValue(parameterId, static_cast<float>(normalized));

        // report value to edit controller
        v3_cpp_obj(fV3.controller)->set_parameter_normalised(fV3.controller, v3id, normalized);

        CarlaPlugin::setParameterValue(parameterId, fixedValue, sendGui, sendOsc, sendCallback);
    }

    void setParameterValueRT(const uint32_t parameterId, const float value, const uint32_t frameOffset, const bool sendCallbackLater) noexcept override
    {
        CARLA_SAFE_ASSERT_RETURN(fV3.controller != nullptr,);
        CARLA_SAFE_ASSERT_RETURN(parameterId < pData->param.count,);

        // const v3_param_id v3id = pData->param.data[parameterId].rindex;
        const float fixedValue = pData->param.getFixedValue(parameterId, value);

        // TODO append value to V3 changes queue list

        CarlaPlugin::setParameterValueRT(parameterId, fixedValue, frameOffset, sendCallbackLater);
    }

    /*
    void setChunkData(const void* data, std::size_t dataSize) override
    {
    }
    */

    // -------------------------------------------------------------------
    // Set ui stuff

    void setCustomUITitle(const char* const title) noexcept override
    {
        if (fUI.window != nullptr)
        {
            try {
                fUI.window->setTitle(title);
            } CARLA_SAFE_EXCEPTION("set custom ui title");
        }

        CarlaPlugin::setCustomUITitle(title);
    }

    void showCustomUI(const bool yesNo) override
    {
        if (fUI.isVisible == yesNo)
            return;

        CARLA_SAFE_ASSERT_RETURN(fV3.view != nullptr,);

        if (yesNo)
        {
            CarlaString uiTitle;

            if (pData->uiTitle.isNotEmpty())
            {
                uiTitle = pData->uiTitle;
            }
            else
            {
                uiTitle  = pData->name;
                uiTitle += " (GUI)";
            }

            if (fUI.window == nullptr)
            {
                const char* msg = nullptr;
                const EngineOptions& opts(pData->engine->getOptions());

#if defined(CARLA_OS_MAC)
                fUI.window = CarlaPluginUI::newCocoa(this, opts.frontendWinId, opts.pluginsAreStandalone, false);
#elif defined(CARLA_OS_WIN)
                fUI.window = CarlaPluginUI::newWindows(this, opts.frontendWinId, opts.pluginsAreStandalone, false);
#elif defined(HAVE_X11)
                fUI.window = CarlaPluginUI::newX11(this, opts.frontendWinId, opts.pluginsAreStandalone, false, false);
#else
                msg = "Unsupported UI type";
#endif

                if (fUI.window == nullptr)
                    return pData->engine->callback(true, true,
                                                   ENGINE_CALLBACK_UI_STATE_CHANGED,
                                                   pData->id,
                                                   -1,
                                                   0, 0, 0.0f,
                                                   msg);

                fUI.window->setTitle(uiTitle.buffer());

               #ifndef CARLA_OS_MAC
                // TODO inform plugin of what UI scale we use
               #endif

                if (v3_cpp_obj(fV3.view)->attached(fV3.view, fUI.window->getPtr(), V3_VIEW_PLATFORM_TYPE_NATIVE) == V3_OK)
                {
                    v3_view_rect rect = {};
                    if (v3_cpp_obj(fV3.view)->get_size(fV3.view, &rect) == V3_OK)
                    {
                        const int32_t width = rect.right - rect.left;
                        const int32_t height = rect.bottom - rect.top;

                        CARLA_SAFE_ASSERT_INT2(width > 1 && height > 1, width, height);

                        if (width > 1 && height > 1)
                            fUI.window->setSize(static_cast<uint>(width), static_cast<uint>(height), true, true);
                    }
                }
                else
                {
                    delete fUI.window;
                    fUI.window = nullptr;

                    carla_stderr2("Plugin refused to open its own UI");
                    return pData->engine->callback(true, true,
                                                   ENGINE_CALLBACK_UI_STATE_CHANGED,
                                                   pData->id,
                                                   -1,
                                                   0, 0, 0.0f,
                                                   "Plugin refused to open its own UI");
                }
            }

            fUI.window->show();
            fUI.isVisible = true;
            pData->hints |= PLUGIN_NEEDS_UI_MAIN_THREAD;
        }
        else
        {
            fUI.isVisible = false;
            pData->hints &= ~PLUGIN_NEEDS_UI_MAIN_THREAD;

            CARLA_SAFE_ASSERT_RETURN(fUI.window != nullptr,);
            fUI.window->hide();
        }
    }

    // -------------------------------------------------------------------
    // Plugin state

    void reload() override
    {
        CARLA_SAFE_ASSERT_RETURN(pData->engine != nullptr,);
        CARLA_SAFE_ASSERT_RETURN(fV3.component != nullptr,);
        CARLA_SAFE_ASSERT_RETURN(fV3.controller != nullptr,);
        CARLA_SAFE_ASSERT_RETURN(fV3.processor != nullptr,);
        carla_debug("CarlaPluginVST3::reload() - start");

        // Safely disable plugin for reload
        const ScopedDisabler sd(this);

        if (pData->active)
            deactivate();

        clearBuffers();

        const int32_t numAudioInputBuses = v3_cpp_obj(fV3.component)->get_bus_count(fV3.component, V3_AUDIO, V3_INPUT);
        const int32_t numAudioOutputBuses = v3_cpp_obj(fV3.component)->get_bus_count(fV3.component, V3_AUDIO, V3_OUTPUT);
        const int32_t numEventInputBuses = v3_cpp_obj(fV3.component)->get_bus_count(fV3.component, V3_EVENT, V3_INPUT);
        const int32_t numEventOutputBuses = v3_cpp_obj(fV3.component)->get_bus_count(fV3.component, V3_EVENT, V3_OUTPUT);
        const int32_t numParameters = v3_cpp_obj(fV3.controller)->get_parameter_count(fV3.controller);

        CARLA_SAFE_ASSERT(numAudioInputBuses >= 0);
        CARLA_SAFE_ASSERT(numAudioOutputBuses >= 0);
        CARLA_SAFE_ASSERT(numEventInputBuses >= 0);
        CARLA_SAFE_ASSERT(numEventOutputBuses >= 0);
        CARLA_SAFE_ASSERT(numParameters >= 0);

        uint32_t aIns, aOuts, cvIns, cvOuts, params;
        aIns = aOuts = cvIns = cvOuts = params = 0;

        bool needsCtrlIn, needsCtrlOut;
        needsCtrlIn = needsCtrlOut = false;

        for (int32_t j=0; j<numAudioInputBuses; ++j)
        {
            v3_bus_info busInfo = {};
            CARLA_SAFE_ASSERT_BREAK(v3_cpp_obj(fV3.component)->get_bus_info(fV3.component, V3_AUDIO, V3_INPUT, j, &busInfo) == V3_OK);
            CARLA_SAFE_ASSERT_BREAK(busInfo.channel_count >= 0);

            if (busInfo.flags & V3_IS_CONTROL_VOLTAGE)
                cvIns += static_cast<uint32_t>(busInfo.channel_count);
            else
                aIns += static_cast<uint32_t>(busInfo.channel_count);
        }

        for (int32_t j=0; j<numAudioOutputBuses; ++j)
        {
            v3_bus_info busInfo = {};
            CARLA_SAFE_ASSERT_BREAK(v3_cpp_obj(fV3.component)->get_bus_info(fV3.component, V3_AUDIO, V3_OUTPUT, j, &busInfo) == V3_OK);
            CARLA_SAFE_ASSERT_BREAK(busInfo.channel_count >= 0);

            if (busInfo.flags & V3_IS_CONTROL_VOLTAGE)
                cvOuts += static_cast<uint32_t>(busInfo.channel_count);
            else
                aOuts += static_cast<uint32_t>(busInfo.channel_count);
        }

        for (int32_t j=0; j<numParameters; ++j)
        {
            v3_param_info paramInfo = {};
            CARLA_SAFE_ASSERT_BREAK(v3_cpp_obj(fV3.controller)->get_parameter_info(fV3.controller, j, &paramInfo) == V3_OK);

            if ((paramInfo.flags & (V3_PARAM_IS_BYPASS|V3_PARAM_IS_HIDDEN|V3_PARAM_PROGRAM_CHANGE)) == 0x0)
                ++params;
        }

        if (aIns > 0)
        {
            pData->audioIn.createNew(aIns);
        }

        if (aOuts > 0)
        {
            pData->audioOut.createNew(aOuts);
            needsCtrlIn = true;
        }

        if (cvIns > 0)
            pData->cvIn.createNew(cvIns);

        if (cvOuts > 0)
            pData->cvOut.createNew(cvOuts);

        if (numEventInputBuses > 0)
            needsCtrlIn = true;

        if (numEventOutputBuses > 0)
            needsCtrlOut = true;

        if (params > 0)
        {
            pData->param.createNew(params, false);
            needsCtrlIn = true;
        }

        if (aOuts + cvIns > 0)
        {
            fAudioAndCvOutBuffers = new float*[aOuts + cvIns];

            for (uint32_t i=0; i < aOuts + cvIns; ++i)
                fAudioAndCvOutBuffers[i] = nullptr;
        }

        const EngineProcessMode processMode = pData->engine->getProccessMode();
        const uint portNameSize = pData->engine->getMaxPortNameSize();
        CarlaString portName;

        // Audio Ins
        for (uint32_t j=0; j < aIns; ++j)
        {
            portName.clear();

            if (processMode == ENGINE_PROCESS_MODE_SINGLE_CLIENT)
            {
                portName  = pData->name;
                portName += ":";
            }

            if (aIns > 1)
            {
                portName += "input_";
                portName += CarlaString(j+1);
            }
            else
                portName += "input";

            portName.truncate(portNameSize);

            pData->audioIn.ports[j].port   = (CarlaEngineAudioPort*)pData->client->addPort(kEnginePortTypeAudio, portName, true, j);
            pData->audioIn.ports[j].rindex = j;
        }

        // Audio Outs
        for (uint32_t j=0; j < aOuts; ++j)
        {
            portName.clear();

            if (processMode == ENGINE_PROCESS_MODE_SINGLE_CLIENT)
            {
                portName  = pData->name;
                portName += ":";
            }

            if (aOuts > 1)
            {
                portName += "output_";
                portName += CarlaString(j+1);
            }
            else
                portName += "output";

            portName.truncate(portNameSize);

            pData->audioOut.ports[j].port   = (CarlaEngineAudioPort*)pData->client->addPort(kEnginePortTypeAudio, portName, false, j);
            pData->audioOut.ports[j].rindex = j;
        }

        // CV Ins
        for (uint32_t j=0; j < cvIns; ++j)
        {
            portName.clear();

            if (processMode == ENGINE_PROCESS_MODE_SINGLE_CLIENT)
            {
                portName  = pData->name;
                portName += ":";
            }

            if (cvIns > 1)
            {
                portName += "cv_input_";
                portName += CarlaString(j+1);
            }
            else
                portName += "cv_input";

            portName.truncate(portNameSize);

            pData->cvIn.ports[j].port   = (CarlaEngineCVPort*)pData->client->addPort(kEnginePortTypeCV, portName, true, j);
            pData->cvIn.ports[j].rindex = j;
        }

        // CV Outs
        for (uint32_t j=0; j < cvOuts; ++j)
        {
            portName.clear();

            if (processMode == ENGINE_PROCESS_MODE_SINGLE_CLIENT)
            {
                portName  = pData->name;
                portName += ":";
            }

            if (cvOuts > 1)
            {
                portName += "cv_output_";
                portName += CarlaString(j+1);
            }
            else
                portName += "cv_output";

            portName.truncate(portNameSize);

            pData->cvOut.ports[j].port   = (CarlaEngineCVPort*)pData->client->addPort(kEnginePortTypeCV, portName, false, j);
            pData->cvOut.ports[j].rindex = j;
        }

        for (uint32_t j=0; j < params; ++j)
        {
            v3_param_info paramInfo = {};
            CARLA_SAFE_ASSERT_BREAK(v3_cpp_obj(fV3.controller)->get_parameter_info(fV3.controller, j, &paramInfo) == V3_OK);

            const v3_param_id v3id = paramInfo.param_id;
            pData->param.data[j].index  = j;
            pData->param.data[j].rindex = v3id;

            if (paramInfo.flags & (V3_PARAM_IS_BYPASS|V3_PARAM_IS_HIDDEN|V3_PARAM_PROGRAM_CHANGE))
                continue;

            double min, max, def, step, stepSmall, stepLarge;

            min = v3_cpp_obj(fV3.controller)->normalised_parameter_to_plain(fV3.controller, v3id, 0.0);
            max = v3_cpp_obj(fV3.controller)->normalised_parameter_to_plain(fV3.controller, v3id, 1.0);
            def = v3_cpp_obj(fV3.controller)->normalised_parameter_to_plain(fV3.controller, v3id,
                                                                            paramInfo.default_normalised_value);

            if (min >= max)
                max = min + 0.1;

            if (def < min)
                def = min;
            else if (def > max)
                def = max;

            if (paramInfo.flags & V3_PARAM_READ_ONLY)
                pData->param.data[j].type = PARAMETER_OUTPUT;
            else
                pData->param.data[j].type = PARAMETER_INPUT;

            if (paramInfo.step_count == 1)
            {
                step = max - min;
                stepSmall = step;
                stepLarge = step;
                pData->param.data[j].hints |= PARAMETER_IS_BOOLEAN;
            }
            /*
            else if (paramInfo.step_count != 0 && (paramInfo.flags & V3_PARAM_IS_LIST) != 0x0)
            {
                step = 1.0;
                stepSmall = 1.0;
                stepLarge = std::min(max - min, 10.0);
                pData->param.data[j].hints |= PARAMETER_IS_INTEGER;
            }
            */
            else
            {
                float range = max - min;
                step = range/100.0;
                stepSmall = range/1000.0;
                stepLarge = range/10.0;
            }

            pData->param.data[j].hints |= PARAMETER_IS_ENABLED;
            pData->param.data[j].hints |= PARAMETER_USES_CUSTOM_TEXT;

            if (paramInfo.flags & V3_PARAM_CAN_AUTOMATE)
            {
                pData->param.data[j].hints |= PARAMETER_IS_AUTOMATABLE;

                if ((paramInfo.flags & V3_PARAM_IS_LIST) == 0x0)
                    pData->param.data[j].hints |= PARAMETER_CAN_BE_CV_CONTROLLED;
            }

            pData->param.ranges[j].min = min;
            pData->param.ranges[j].max = max;
            pData->param.ranges[j].def = def;
            pData->param.ranges[j].step = step;
            pData->param.ranges[j].stepSmall = stepSmall;
            pData->param.ranges[j].stepLarge = stepLarge;
        }

        if (params > 0)
        {
            fEvents.paramInputs = new carla_v3_input_param_changes(pData->param);
            fEvents.paramOutputs = new carla_v3_output_param_changes;
        }

        if (needsCtrlIn)
        {
            portName.clear();

            if (processMode == ENGINE_PROCESS_MODE_SINGLE_CLIENT)
            {
                portName  = pData->name;
                portName += ":";
            }

            portName += "events-in";
            portName.truncate(portNameSize);

            pData->event.portIn = (CarlaEngineEventPort*)pData->client->addPort(kEnginePortTypeEvent, portName, true, 0);
#ifndef BUILD_BRIDGE_ALTERNATIVE_ARCH
            pData->event.cvSourcePorts = pData->client->createCVSourcePorts();
#endif
            fEvents.eventInputs = new carla_v3_input_event_list;
        }

        if (needsCtrlOut)
        {
            portName.clear();

            if (processMode == ENGINE_PROCESS_MODE_SINGLE_CLIENT)
            {
                portName  = pData->name;
                portName += ":";
            }

            portName += "events-out";
            portName.truncate(portNameSize);

            pData->event.portOut = (CarlaEngineEventPort*)pData->client->addPort(kEnginePortTypeEvent, portName, false, 0);
            fEvents.eventOutputs = new carla_v3_output_event_list;
        }

        // plugin hints
        const PluginCategory v3category = getPluginCategoryFromV3SubCategories(fV3ClassInfo.v2.sub_categories);

        pData->hints = 0x0;

        if (v3category == PLUGIN_CATEGORY_SYNTH)
            pData->hints |= PLUGIN_IS_SYNTH;

        if (fV3.view != nullptr &&
            v3_cpp_obj(fV3.view)->is_platform_type_supported(fV3.view, V3_VIEW_PLATFORM_TYPE_NATIVE) == V3_TRUE)
        {
            pData->hints |= PLUGIN_HAS_CUSTOM_UI;
            pData->hints |= PLUGIN_HAS_CUSTOM_EMBED_UI;
        }

        if (aOuts > 0 && (aIns == aOuts || aIns == 1))
            pData->hints |= PLUGIN_CAN_DRYWET;

        if (aOuts > 0)
            pData->hints |= PLUGIN_CAN_VOLUME;

        if (aOuts >= 2 && aOuts % 2 == 0)
            pData->hints |= PLUGIN_CAN_BALANCE;

        // extra plugin hints
        pData->extraHints = 0x0;

        if (numEventInputBuses > 0)
            pData->extraHints |= PLUGIN_EXTRA_HINT_HAS_MIDI_IN;

        if (numEventOutputBuses > 0)
            pData->extraHints |= PLUGIN_EXTRA_HINT_HAS_MIDI_OUT;

        // check initial latency
        if ((fLastKnownLatency = v3_cpp_obj(fV3.processor)->get_latency_samples(fV3.processor)) != 0)
        {
            pData->client->setLatency(fLastKnownLatency);
#ifndef BUILD_BRIDGE
            pData->latency.recreateBuffers(std::max(aIns+cvIns, aOuts+cvOuts), fLastKnownLatency);
#endif
        }

        // initial audio setup
        v3_process_setup setup = {
            pData->engine->isOffline() ? V3_OFFLINE : V3_REALTIME,
            V3_SAMPLE_32,
            static_cast<int32_t>(pData->engine->getBufferSize()),
            pData->engine->getSampleRate()
        };
        v3_cpp_obj(fV3.processor)->setup_processing(fV3.processor, &setup);

        // activate all buses
        for (int32_t j=0; j<numAudioInputBuses; ++j)
        {
            v3_bus_info busInfo = {};
            CARLA_SAFE_ASSERT_BREAK(v3_cpp_obj(fV3.component)->get_bus_info(fV3.component, V3_AUDIO, V3_INPUT, j, &busInfo) == V3_OK);

            if ((busInfo.flags & V3_DEFAULT_ACTIVE) == 0x0) {
                CARLA_SAFE_ASSERT_BREAK(v3_cpp_obj(fV3.component)->activate_bus(fV3.component, V3_AUDIO, V3_INPUT, j, true) == V3_OK);
            }
        }

        for (int32_t j=0; j<numAudioOutputBuses; ++j)
        {
            v3_bus_info busInfo = {};
            CARLA_SAFE_ASSERT_BREAK(v3_cpp_obj(fV3.component)->get_bus_info(fV3.component, V3_AUDIO, V3_OUTPUT, j, &busInfo) == V3_OK);

            if ((busInfo.flags & V3_DEFAULT_ACTIVE) == 0x0) {
                CARLA_SAFE_ASSERT_BREAK(v3_cpp_obj(fV3.component)->activate_bus(fV3.component, V3_AUDIO, V3_OUTPUT, j, true) == V3_OK);
            }
        }

        bufferSizeChanged(pData->engine->getBufferSize());
        reloadPrograms(true);

        if (pData->active)
            activate();

        carla_debug("CarlaPluginVST3::reload() - end");
    }

    // -------------------------------------------------------------------
    // Plugin processing

    void activate() noexcept override
    {
        CARLA_SAFE_ASSERT_RETURN(fV3.component != nullptr,);
        CARLA_SAFE_ASSERT_RETURN(fV3.processor != nullptr,);

        try {
            v3_cpp_obj(fV3.component)->set_active(fV3.component, true);
        } CARLA_SAFE_EXCEPTION("set_active on");

        try {
            v3_cpp_obj(fV3.processor)->set_processing(fV3.processor, true);
        } CARLA_SAFE_EXCEPTION("set_processing on");

        fFirstActive = true;
    }

    void deactivate() noexcept override
    {
        CARLA_SAFE_ASSERT_RETURN(fV3.component != nullptr,);
        CARLA_SAFE_ASSERT_RETURN(fV3.processor != nullptr,);

        try {
            v3_cpp_obj(fV3.processor)->set_processing(fV3.processor, false);
        } CARLA_SAFE_EXCEPTION("set_processing off");

        try {
            v3_cpp_obj(fV3.component)->set_active(fV3.component, false);
        } CARLA_SAFE_EXCEPTION("set_active off");
    }

    void process(const float* const* const audioIn, float** const audioOut,
                 const float* const* const cvIn, float** const cvOut, const uint32_t frames) override
    {
        // --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
        // Check if active

        if (! pData->active)
        {
            // disable any output sound
            for (uint32_t i=0; i < pData->audioOut.count; ++i)
                carla_zeroFloats(audioOut[i], frames);
            for (uint32_t i=0; i < pData->cvOut.count; ++i)
                carla_zeroFloats(cvOut[i], frames);
            return;
        }

        fEvents.init();

        // --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
        // Check if needs reset

        if (pData->needsReset)
        {
            /*
            if (pData->options & PLUGIN_OPTION_SEND_ALL_SOUND_OFF)
            {
            }
            else
            */
            if (pData->ctrlChannel >= 0 && pData->ctrlChannel < MAX_MIDI_CHANNELS && fEvents.eventInputs != nullptr)
            {
                fEvents.eventInputs->numEvents = MAX_MIDI_NOTE;

                for (uint8_t i=0; i < MAX_MIDI_NOTE; ++i)
                {
                    v3_event& event(fEvents.eventInputs->events[i]);
                    carla_zeroStruct(event);
                    event.type = V3_EVENT_NOTE_OFF;
                    event.note_off.channel = (pData->ctrlChannel & MIDI_CHANNEL_BIT);
                    event.note_off.pitch = i;
                }
            }

            pData->needsReset = false;
        }

        // --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
        // Set TimeInfo

        const EngineTimeInfo timeInfo(pData->engine->getTimeInfo());

        fV3TimeContext.state = V3_PROCESS_CTX_PROJECT_TIME_VALID | V3_PROCESS_CTX_CONT_TIME_VALID;
        fV3TimeContext.sample_rate = pData->engine->getSampleRate();
        fV3TimeContext.project_time_in_samples = fV3TimeContext.continuous_time_in_samples
                                               = static_cast<int64_t>(timeInfo.frame);

        if (fFirstActive || ! fLastTimeInfo.compareIgnoringRollingFrames(timeInfo, frames))
            fLastTimeInfo = timeInfo;

        if (timeInfo.playing)
            fV3TimeContext.state |= V3_PROCESS_CTX_PLAYING;

        if (timeInfo.usecs != 0)
        {
            fV3TimeContext.system_time_ns = static_cast<int64_t>(timeInfo.usecs / 1000);
            fV3TimeContext.state |= V3_PROCESS_CTX_SYSTEM_TIME_VALID;
        }

        if (timeInfo.bbt.valid)
        {
            CARLA_SAFE_ASSERT_INT(timeInfo.bbt.bar > 0, timeInfo.bbt.bar);
            CARLA_SAFE_ASSERT_INT(timeInfo.bbt.beat > 0, timeInfo.bbt.beat);

            const double ppqBar  = static_cast<double>(timeInfo.bbt.beatsPerBar) * (timeInfo.bbt.bar - 1);
            // const double ppqBeat = static_cast<double>(timeInfo.bbt.beat - 1);
            // const double ppqTick = timeInfo.bbt.tick / timeInfo.bbt.ticksPerBeat;

            // PPQ Pos
            fV3TimeContext.project_time_quarters = static_cast<double>(timeInfo.frame) / (fV3TimeContext.sample_rate * 60 / timeInfo.bbt.beatsPerMinute);
            // fTimeInfo.project_time_quarters = ppqBar + ppqBeat + ppqTick;
            fV3TimeContext.state |= V3_PROCESS_CTX_PROJECT_TIME_VALID;

            // Tempo
            fV3TimeContext.bpm = timeInfo.bbt.beatsPerMinute;
            fV3TimeContext.state |= V3_PROCESS_CTX_TEMPO_VALID;

            // Bars
            fV3TimeContext.bar_position_quarters = ppqBar;
            fV3TimeContext.state |= V3_PROCESS_CTX_BAR_POSITION_VALID;

            // Time Signature
            fV3TimeContext.time_sig_numerator = static_cast<int32_t>(timeInfo.bbt.beatsPerBar + 0.5f);
            fV3TimeContext.time_sig_denom = static_cast<int32_t>(timeInfo.bbt.beatType + 0.5f);
            fV3TimeContext.state |= V3_PROCESS_CTX_TIME_SIG_VALID;
        }
        else
        {
            // Tempo
            fV3TimeContext.bpm = 120.0;
            fV3TimeContext.state |= V3_PROCESS_CTX_TEMPO_VALID;

            // Time Signature
            fV3TimeContext.time_sig_numerator = 4;
            fV3TimeContext.time_sig_denom = 4;
            fV3TimeContext.state |= V3_PROCESS_CTX_TIME_SIG_VALID;

            // Missing info
            fV3TimeContext.project_time_quarters = 0.0;
            fV3TimeContext.bar_position_quarters = 0.0;
        }

        // --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
        // Event Input and Processing

        if (pData->event.portIn != nullptr)
        {
            // ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
            // MIDI Input (External)

            if (fEvents.eventInputs != nullptr && pData->extNotes.mutex.tryLock())
            {
                ExternalMidiNote note = { 0, 0, 0 };
                uint16_t numEvents = fEvents.eventInputs->numEvents;

                for (; numEvents < kPluginMaxMidiEvents && ! pData->extNotes.data.isEmpty();)
                {
                    note = pData->extNotes.data.getFirst(note, true);

                    CARLA_SAFE_ASSERT_CONTINUE(note.channel >= 0 && note.channel < MAX_MIDI_CHANNELS);

                    v3_event& event(fEvents.eventInputs->events[numEvents++]);
                    carla_zeroStruct(event);

                    if (note.velo > 0)
                    {
                        event.type = V3_EVENT_NOTE_ON;
                        event.note_on.channel = (note.channel & MIDI_CHANNEL_BIT);
                        event.note_on.pitch = note.note;
                        event.note_on.velocity = static_cast<float>(note.velo) / 127.f;
                    }
                    else
                    {
                        event.type = V3_EVENT_NOTE_OFF;
                        event.note_off.channel = (note.channel & MIDI_CHANNEL_BIT);
                        event.note_off.pitch = note.note;
                    }
                }

                pData->extNotes.mutex.unlock();

                fEvents.eventInputs->numEvents = numEvents;

            } // End of MIDI Input (External)

            // ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
            // Event Input (System)

#ifndef BUILD_BRIDGE_ALTERNATIVE_ARCH
            bool allNotesOffSent = false;
#endif
            bool isSampleAccurate = (pData->options & PLUGIN_OPTION_FIXED_BUFFERS) == 0;

            uint32_t startTime  = 0;
            uint32_t timeOffset = 0;

#ifndef BUILD_BRIDGE_ALTERNATIVE_ARCH
            if (cvIn != nullptr && pData->event.cvSourcePorts != nullptr)
                pData->event.cvSourcePorts->initPortBuffers(cvIn, frames, isSampleAccurate, pData->event.portIn);
#endif

            for (uint32_t i=0, numEvents = pData->event.portIn->getEventCount(); i < numEvents; ++i)
            {
                EngineEvent& event(pData->event.portIn->getEvent(i));

                uint32_t eventTime = event.time;
                CARLA_SAFE_ASSERT_UINT2_CONTINUE(eventTime < frames, eventTime, frames);

                if (eventTime < timeOffset)
                {
                    carla_stderr2("Timing error, eventTime:%u < timeOffset:%u for '%s'",
                                  eventTime, timeOffset, pData->name);
                    eventTime = timeOffset;
                }

                if (isSampleAccurate && eventTime > timeOffset)
                {
                    if (processSingle(audioIn, audioOut, eventTime - timeOffset, timeOffset))
                    {
                        startTime  = 0;
                        timeOffset = eventTime;

                        // TODO
                    }
                    else
                    {
                        startTime += timeOffset;
                    }
                }

                switch (event.type)
                {
                case kEngineEventTypeNull:
                    break;

                case kEngineEventTypeControl: {
                    EngineControlEvent& ctrlEvent(event.ctrl);

                    switch (ctrlEvent.type)
                    {
                    case kEngineControlEventTypeNull:
                        break;

                    case kEngineControlEventTypeParameter: {
                        float value;

#ifndef BUILD_BRIDGE_ALTERNATIVE_ARCH
                        // non-midi
                        if (event.channel == kEngineEventNonMidiChannel)
                        {
                            const uint32_t k = ctrlEvent.param;
                            CARLA_SAFE_ASSERT_CONTINUE(k < pData->param.count);

                            ctrlEvent.handled = true;
                            value = pData->param.getFinalUnnormalizedValue(k, ctrlEvent.normalizedValue);
                            setParameterValueRT(k, value, event.time, true);
                            continue;
                        }

                        // Control backend stuff
                        if (event.channel == pData->ctrlChannel)
                        {
                            if (MIDI_IS_CONTROL_BREATH_CONTROLLER(ctrlEvent.param) && (pData->hints & PLUGIN_CAN_DRYWET) != 0)
                            {
                                ctrlEvent.handled = true;
                                value = ctrlEvent.normalizedValue;
                                setDryWetRT(value, true);
                            }
                            else if (MIDI_IS_CONTROL_CHANNEL_VOLUME(ctrlEvent.param) && (pData->hints & PLUGIN_CAN_VOLUME) != 0)
                            {
                                ctrlEvent.handled = true;
                                value = ctrlEvent.normalizedValue*127.0f/100.0f;
                                setVolumeRT(value, true);
                            }
                            else if (MIDI_IS_CONTROL_BALANCE(ctrlEvent.param) && (pData->hints & PLUGIN_CAN_BALANCE) != 0)
                            {
                                float left, right;
                                value = ctrlEvent.normalizedValue/0.5f - 1.0f;

                                if (value < 0.0f)
                                {
                                    left  = -1.0f;
                                    right = (value*2.0f)+1.0f;
                                }
                                else if (value > 0.0f)
                                {
                                    left  = (value*2.0f)-1.0f;
                                    right = 1.0f;
                                }
                                else
                                {
                                    left  = -1.0f;
                                    right = 1.0f;
                                }

                                ctrlEvent.handled = true;
                                setBalanceLeftRT(left, true);
                                setBalanceRightRT(right, true);
                            }
                        }
#endif
                        // Control plugin parameters
                        uint32_t k;
                        for (k=0; k < pData->param.count; ++k)
                        {
                            if (pData->param.data[k].midiChannel != event.channel)
                                continue;
                            if (pData->param.data[k].mappedControlIndex != ctrlEvent.param)
                                continue;
                            if (pData->param.data[k].type != PARAMETER_INPUT)
                                continue;
                            if ((pData->param.data[k].hints & PARAMETER_IS_AUTOMATABLE) == 0)
                                continue;

                            ctrlEvent.handled = true;
                            value = pData->param.getFinalUnnormalizedValue(k, ctrlEvent.normalizedValue);
                            setParameterValueRT(k, value, event.time, true);
                        }

                        if ((pData->options & PLUGIN_OPTION_SEND_CONTROL_CHANGES) != 0 && ctrlEvent.param < MAX_MIDI_VALUE)
                        {
                            // TODO
                        }

#ifndef BUILD_BRIDGE_ALTERNATIVE_ARCH
                        if (! ctrlEvent.handled)
                            checkForMidiLearn(event);
#endif
                        break;
                    } // case kEngineControlEventTypeParameter

                    case kEngineControlEventTypeMidiBank:
                        if ((pData->options & PLUGIN_OPTION_SEND_PROGRAM_CHANGES) != 0)
                        {
                            // TODO
                        }
                        break;

                    case kEngineControlEventTypeMidiProgram:
                        if (event.channel == pData->ctrlChannel && (pData->options & PLUGIN_OPTION_MAP_PROGRAM_CHANGES) != 0)
                        {
                            if (ctrlEvent.param < pData->prog.count)
                            {
                                setProgramRT(ctrlEvent.param, true);
                                break;
                            }
                        }
                        else if (pData->options & PLUGIN_OPTION_SEND_PROGRAM_CHANGES)
                        {
                            // TODO
                        }
                        break;

                    case kEngineControlEventTypeAllSoundOff:
                        if (pData->options & PLUGIN_OPTION_SEND_ALL_SOUND_OFF)
                        {
                            // TODO
                        }
                        break;

                    case kEngineControlEventTypeAllNotesOff:
                        if (pData->options & PLUGIN_OPTION_SEND_ALL_SOUND_OFF)
                        {
#ifndef BUILD_BRIDGE_ALTERNATIVE_ARCH
                            if (event.channel == pData->ctrlChannel && ! allNotesOffSent)
                            {
                                allNotesOffSent = true;
                                postponeRtAllNotesOff();
                            }
#endif
                            // TODO
                        }
                        break;
                    } // switch (ctrlEvent.type)
                    break;
                } // case kEngineEventTypeControl

                case kEngineEventTypeMidi: {
                    const EngineMidiEvent& midiEvent(event.midi);

                    if (midiEvent.size > 3)
                        continue;
#ifdef CARLA_PROPER_CPP11_SUPPORT
                    static_assert(3 <= EngineMidiEvent::kDataSize, "Incorrect data");
#endif

                    uint8_t status = uint8_t(MIDI_GET_STATUS_FROM_DATA(midiEvent.data));

                    if ((status == MIDI_STATUS_NOTE_OFF || status == MIDI_STATUS_NOTE_ON) && (pData->options & PLUGIN_OPTION_SKIP_SENDING_NOTES))
                        continue;
                    if (status == MIDI_STATUS_CHANNEL_PRESSURE && (pData->options & PLUGIN_OPTION_SEND_CHANNEL_PRESSURE) == 0)
                        continue;
                    if (status == MIDI_STATUS_CONTROL_CHANGE && (pData->options & PLUGIN_OPTION_SEND_CONTROL_CHANGES) == 0)
                        continue;
                    if (status == MIDI_STATUS_POLYPHONIC_AFTERTOUCH && (pData->options & PLUGIN_OPTION_SEND_NOTE_AFTERTOUCH) == 0)
                        continue;
                    if (status == MIDI_STATUS_PITCH_WHEEL_CONTROL && (pData->options & PLUGIN_OPTION_SEND_PITCHBEND) == 0)
                        continue;

                    // Fix bad note-off
                    if (status == MIDI_STATUS_NOTE_ON && midiEvent.data[2] == 0)
                        status = MIDI_STATUS_NOTE_OFF;

                    // TODO

                    if (status == MIDI_STATUS_NOTE_ON)
                    {
                        pData->postponeNoteOnRtEvent(true, event.channel, midiEvent.data[1], midiEvent.data[2]);
                    }
                    else if (status == MIDI_STATUS_NOTE_OFF)
                    {
                        pData->postponeNoteOffRtEvent(true, event.channel, midiEvent.data[1]);
                    }
                } break;
                } // switch (event.type)
            }

            pData->postRtEvents.trySplice();

            if (frames > timeOffset)
                processSingle(audioIn, audioOut, frames - timeOffset, timeOffset);

        } // End of Event Input and Processing

        // --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
        // Plugin processing (no events)

        else
        {
            processSingle(audioIn, audioOut, frames, 0);

        } // End of Plugin processing (no events)

        // --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
        // MIDI Output

        if (pData->event.portOut != nullptr)
        {
            // TODO

        } // End of MIDI Output

        fFirstActive = false;

        // --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
    }

    bool processSingle(const float* const* const inBuffer, float** const outBuffer, const uint32_t frames, const uint32_t timeOffset)
    {
        CARLA_SAFE_ASSERT_RETURN(frames > 0, false);

        if (pData->audioIn.count > 0)
        {
            CARLA_SAFE_ASSERT_RETURN(inBuffer != nullptr, false);
        }
        if (pData->audioOut.count > 0)
        {
            CARLA_SAFE_ASSERT_RETURN(outBuffer != nullptr, false);
            CARLA_SAFE_ASSERT_RETURN(fAudioAndCvOutBuffers != nullptr, false);
        }

        // --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
        // Try lock, silence otherwise

#ifndef STOAT_TEST_BUILD
        if (pData->engine->isOffline())
        {
            pData->singleMutex.lock();
        }
        else
#endif
        if (! pData->singleMutex.tryLock())
        {
            for (uint32_t i=0; i < pData->audioOut.count; ++i)
            {
                for (uint32_t k=0; k < frames; ++k)
                    outBuffer[i][k+timeOffset] = 0.0f;
            }

            return false;
        }

        // --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
        // Set audio buffers

        float* bufferAudioIn[std::max(1u, pData->audioIn.count + pData->cvIn.count)];
        float* bufferAudioOut[std::max(1u, pData->audioOut.count + pData->cvOut.count)];

        {
            uint32_t i=0;
            for (; i < pData->audioIn.count; ++i)
                bufferAudioIn[i] = const_cast<float*>(inBuffer[i]+timeOffset);
            for (; i < pData->cvIn.count; ++i)
                bufferAudioIn[i] = const_cast<float*>(inBuffer[i]+timeOffset);
        }

        {
            uint32_t i=0;
            for (; i < pData->audioOut.count; ++i)
                bufferAudioOut[i] = fAudioAndCvOutBuffers[i]+timeOffset;
            for (; i < pData->cvOut.count; ++i)
                bufferAudioOut[i] = fAudioAndCvOutBuffers[i]+timeOffset;
        }

        for (uint32_t i=0; i < pData->audioOut.count + pData->cvOut.count; ++i)
            carla_zeroFloats(fAudioAndCvOutBuffers[i], frames);

        // --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
        // Set MIDI events

        // TODO

        // --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
        // Run plugin

        fEvents.prepare();

        v3_audio_bus_buffers processInputs = {
            static_cast<int32_t>(pData->audioIn.count + pData->cvIn.count),
            0, { bufferAudioIn }
        };
        v3_audio_bus_buffers processOutputs = {
            static_cast<int32_t>(pData->audioOut.count + pData->cvOut.count),
            0, { bufferAudioOut }
        };

        v3_process_data processData = {
            pData->engine->isOffline() ? V3_OFFLINE : V3_REALTIME,
            V3_SAMPLE_32,
            static_cast<int32_t>(frames),
            static_cast<int32_t>(pData->audioIn.count + pData->cvIn.count),
            static_cast<int32_t>(pData->audioOut.count + pData->cvOut.count),
            &processInputs,
            &processOutputs,
            fEvents.paramInputs != nullptr ? (v3_param_changes**)&fEvents.paramInputs : nullptr,
            fEvents.paramOutputs != nullptr ? (v3_param_changes**)&fEvents.paramOutputs : nullptr,
            fEvents.eventInputs != nullptr ? (v3_event_list**)&fEvents.eventInputs : nullptr,
            fEvents.eventOutputs != nullptr ? (v3_event_list**)&fEvents.eventOutputs : nullptr,
            &fV3TimeContext
        };

        try {
            v3_cpp_obj(fV3.processor)->process(fV3.processor, &processData);
        } CARLA_SAFE_EXCEPTION("process");

        fEvents.init();

#ifndef BUILD_BRIDGE_ALTERNATIVE_ARCH
        // --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
        // Post-processing (dry/wet, volume and balance)

        {
            const bool doDryWet  = (pData->hints & PLUGIN_CAN_DRYWET) != 0 && carla_isNotEqual(pData->postProc.dryWet, 1.0f);
            const bool doBalance = (pData->hints & PLUGIN_CAN_BALANCE) != 0 && ! (carla_isEqual(pData->postProc.balanceLeft, -1.0f) && carla_isEqual(pData->postProc.balanceRight, 1.0f));
            const bool isMono    = (pData->audioIn.count == 1);

            bool isPair;
            float bufValue, oldBufLeft[doBalance ? frames : 1];

            uint32_t i=0;

            for (; i < pData->audioOut.count; ++i)
            {
                // Dry/Wet
                if (doDryWet)
                {
                    const uint32_t c = isMono ? 0 : i;

                    for (uint32_t k=0; k < frames; ++k)
                    {
                        bufValue = inBuffer[c][k+timeOffset];
                        fAudioAndCvOutBuffers[i][k] = (fAudioAndCvOutBuffers[i][k] * pData->postProc.dryWet) + (bufValue * (1.0f - pData->postProc.dryWet));
                    }
                }

                // Balance
                if (doBalance)
                {
                    isPair = (i % 2 == 0);

                    if (isPair)
                    {
                        CARLA_ASSERT(i+1 < pData->audioOut.count);
                        carla_copyFloats(oldBufLeft, fAudioAndCvOutBuffers[i], frames);
                    }

                    float balRangeL = (pData->postProc.balanceLeft  + 1.0f)/2.0f;
                    float balRangeR = (pData->postProc.balanceRight + 1.0f)/2.0f;

                    for (uint32_t k=0; k < frames; ++k)
                    {
                        if (isPair)
                        {
                            // left
                            fAudioAndCvOutBuffers[i][k]  = oldBufLeft[k]            * (1.0f - balRangeL);
                            fAudioAndCvOutBuffers[i][k] += fAudioAndCvOutBuffers[i+1][k] * (1.0f - balRangeR);
                        }
                        else
                        {
                            // right
                            fAudioAndCvOutBuffers[i][k]  = fAudioAndCvOutBuffers[i][k] * balRangeR;
                            fAudioAndCvOutBuffers[i][k] += oldBufLeft[k]          * balRangeL;
                        }
                    }
                }

                // Volume (and buffer copy)
                {
                    for (uint32_t k=0; k < frames; ++k)
                        outBuffer[i][k+timeOffset] = fAudioAndCvOutBuffers[i][k] * pData->postProc.volume;
                }
            }

            for (; i < pData->cvOut.count; ++i)
                carla_copyFloats(outBuffer[i] + timeOffset, fAudioAndCvOutBuffers[i] + timeOffset, frames);

        } // End of Post-processing
#else // BUILD_BRIDGE_ALTERNATIVE_ARCH
        for (uint32_t i=0; i < pData->audioOut.count + pData->cvOut.count; ++i)
            carla_copyFloats(outBuffer[i] + timeOffset, fAudioAndCvOutBuffers[i] + timeOffset, frames);
#endif

        // --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

        pData->singleMutex.unlock();
        return true;
    }

    void bufferSizeChanged(const uint32_t newBufferSize) override
    {
        CARLA_ASSERT_INT(newBufferSize > 0, newBufferSize);
        carla_debug("CarlaPluginVST2::bufferSizeChanged(%i)", newBufferSize);

        if (pData->active)
            deactivate();

        for (uint32_t i=0; i < pData->audioOut.count + pData->cvOut.count; ++i)
        {
            if (fAudioAndCvOutBuffers[i] != nullptr)
                delete[] fAudioAndCvOutBuffers[i];
            fAudioAndCvOutBuffers[i] = new float[newBufferSize];
        }

        v3_process_setup setup = {
            pData->engine->isOffline() ? V3_OFFLINE : V3_REALTIME,
            V3_SAMPLE_32,
            static_cast<int32_t>(newBufferSize),
            pData->engine->getSampleRate()
        };
        v3_cpp_obj(fV3.processor)->setup_processing(fV3.processor, &setup);

        if (pData->active)
            activate();
    }

    void sampleRateChanged(const double newSampleRate) override
    {
        CARLA_ASSERT_INT(newSampleRate > 0.0, newSampleRate);
        carla_debug("CarlaPluginVST3::sampleRateChanged(%g)", newSampleRate);

        if (pData->active)
            deactivate();

        v3_process_setup setup = {
            pData->engine->isOffline() ? V3_OFFLINE : V3_REALTIME,
            V3_SAMPLE_32,
            static_cast<int32_t>(pData->engine->getBufferSize()),
            newSampleRate
        };
        v3_cpp_obj(fV3.processor)->setup_processing(fV3.processor, &setup);

        if (pData->active)
            activate();
    }

    void offlineModeChanged(const bool isOffline) override
    {
        carla_debug("CarlaPluginVST3::offlineModeChanged(%d)", isOffline);

        if (pData->active)
            deactivate();

        v3_process_setup setup = {
            isOffline ? V3_OFFLINE : V3_REALTIME,
            V3_SAMPLE_32,
            static_cast<int32_t>(pData->engine->getBufferSize()),
            pData->engine->getSampleRate()
        };
        v3_cpp_obj(fV3.processor)->setup_processing(fV3.processor, &setup);

        if (pData->active)
            activate();
    }

    // -------------------------------------------------------------------
    // Plugin buffers

    void clearBuffers() noexcept override
    {
        carla_debug("CarlaPluginVST2::clearBuffers() - start");

        if (fAudioAndCvOutBuffers != nullptr)
        {
            for (uint32_t i=0; i < pData->audioOut.count + pData->cvOut.count; ++i)
            {
                if (fAudioAndCvOutBuffers[i] != nullptr)
                {
                    delete[] fAudioAndCvOutBuffers[i];
                    fAudioAndCvOutBuffers[i] = nullptr;
                }
            }

            delete[] fAudioAndCvOutBuffers;
            fAudioAndCvOutBuffers = nullptr;
        }

        CarlaPlugin::clearBuffers();

        carla_debug("CarlaPluginVST2::clearBuffers() - end");
    }

    // -------------------------------------------------------------------
    // Post-poned UI Stuff

    void uiParameterChange(const uint32_t index, const float value) noexcept override
    {
        CARLA_SAFE_ASSERT_RETURN(fV3.controller != nullptr,);
        CARLA_SAFE_ASSERT_RETURN(index < pData->param.count,);

        const v3_param_id v3id = pData->param.data[index].rindex;
        const double normalized = v3_cpp_obj(fV3.controller)->plain_parameter_to_normalised(fV3.controller,
                                                                                            v3id, value);
        v3_cpp_obj(fV3.controller)->set_parameter_normalised(fV3.controller, v3id, normalized);
    }

    // ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

    const void* getNativeDescriptor() const noexcept override
    {
        return fV3.component;
    }

    const void* getExtraStuff() const noexcept override
    {
        return fV3.controller;
    }

    // ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

    bool init(const CarlaPluginPtr plugin,
              const char* const filename,
              const char* name,
              const char* /*const label*/,
              const uint options)
    {
        CARLA_SAFE_ASSERT_RETURN(pData->engine != nullptr, false);

        // ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
        // first checks

        if (pData->client != nullptr)
        {
            pData->engine->setLastError("Plugin client is already registered");
            return false;
        }

        if (filename == nullptr || filename[0] == '\0')
        {
            pData->engine->setLastError("null filename");
            return false;
        }

        V3_ENTRYFN v3_entry;
        V3_EXITFN v3_exit;
        V3_GETFN v3_get;

        // filename is full path to binary
        if (water::File(filename).existsAsFile())
        {
            if (! pData->libOpen(filename))
            {
                pData->engine->setLastError(pData->libError(filename));
                return false;
            }

            v3_entry = pData->libSymbol<V3_ENTRYFN>(V3_ENTRYFNNAME);
            v3_exit = pData->libSymbol<V3_EXITFN>(V3_EXITFNNAME);
            v3_get = pData->libSymbol<V3_GETFN>(V3_GETFNNAME);
        }
        // assume filename is a vst3 bundle
        else
        {
           #ifdef CARLA_OS_MAC
            if (! fMacBundleLoader.load(filename))
            {
                pData->engine->setLastError("Failed to load VST3 bundle executable");
                return false;
            }

            v3_entry = fMacBundleLoader.getSymbol<V3_ENTRYFN>(CFSTR(V3_ENTRYFNNAME));
            v3_exit = fMacBundleLoader.getSymbol<V3_EXITFN>(CFSTR(V3_EXITFNNAME));
            v3_get = fMacBundleLoader.getSymbol<V3_GETFN>(CFSTR(V3_GETFNNAME));
           #else
            water::String binaryfilename = filename;

            if (!binaryfilename.endsWithChar(CARLA_OS_SEP))
                binaryfilename += CARLA_OS_SEP_STR;

            binaryfilename += "Contents" CARLA_OS_SEP_STR V3_CONTENT_DIR CARLA_OS_SEP_STR;
            binaryfilename += water::File(filename).getFileNameWithoutExtension();
           #ifdef CARLA_OS_WIN
            binaryfilename += ".vst3";
           #else
            binaryfilename += ".so";
           #endif

            if (! water::File(binaryfilename).existsAsFile())
            {
                pData->engine->setLastError("Failed to find a suitable VST3 bundle binary");
                return false;
            }

            if (! pData->libOpen(binaryfilename.toRawUTF8()))
            {
                pData->engine->setLastError(pData->libError(binaryfilename.toRawUTF8()));
                return false;
            }

            v3_entry = pData->libSymbol<V3_ENTRYFN>(V3_ENTRYFNNAME);
            v3_exit = pData->libSymbol<V3_EXITFN>(V3_EXITFNNAME);
            v3_get = pData->libSymbol<V3_GETFN>(V3_GETFNNAME);
           #endif
        }

        // ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
        // ensure entry and exit points are available

        if (v3_entry == nullptr || v3_exit == nullptr || v3_get == nullptr)
        {
            pData->engine->setLastError("Not a VST3 plugin");
            return false;
        }

        // ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
        // call entry point

       #if defined(CARLA_OS_MAC)
        v3_entry(pData->lib == nullptr ? fMacBundleLoader.getRef() : nullptr);
       #elif defined(CARLA_OS_WIN)
        v3_entry();
       #else
        v3_entry(pData->lib);
       #endif

        // ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
        // fetch initial factory

        v3_plugin_factory** const factory = v3_get();

        if (factory == nullptr)
        {
            pData->engine->setLastError("VST3 factory failed to create a valid instance");
            return false;
        }

        // ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
        // initialize and find requested plugin

        fV3.exitfn = v3_exit;
        fV3.factory1 = factory;

        if (! fV3.queryFactories(getHostContext()))
        {
            pData->engine->setLastError("VST3 plugin failed to properly create factories");
            return false;
        }

        if (! fV3.findPlugin(fV3ClassInfo))
        {
            pData->engine->setLastError("Failed to find the requested plugin in the VST3 bundle");
            return false;
        }

        if (! fV3.initializePlugin(fV3ClassInfo.v1.class_id, getHostContext()))
        {
            pData->engine->setLastError("VST3 plugin failed to initialize");
            return false;
        }

        // ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
        // do some basic safety checks

        if (v3_cpp_obj(fV3.processor)->can_process_sample_size(fV3.processor, V3_SAMPLE_32) != V3_OK)
        {
            pData->engine->setLastError("VST3 plugin does not support 32bit audio, cannot continue");
            return false;
        }

        // ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
        // get info

        if (name != nullptr && name[0] != '\0')
        {
            pData->name = pData->engine->getUniquePluginName(name);
        }
        else
        {
            if (fV3ClassInfo.v1.name[0] != '\0')
                pData->name = pData->engine->getUniquePluginName(fV3ClassInfo.v1.name);
            else if (const char* const shortname = std::strrchr(filename, CARLA_OS_SEP))
                pData->name = pData->engine->getUniquePluginName(shortname+1);
            else
                pData->name = pData->engine->getUniquePluginName("unknown");
        }

        pData->filename = carla_strdup(filename);

        // ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
        // register client

        pData->client = pData->engine->addClient(plugin);

        if (pData->client == nullptr || ! pData->client->isOk())
        {
            pData->engine->setLastError("Failed to register plugin client");
            return false;
        }

        // ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
        // set default options

        pData->options = 0x0;

        if (fLastKnownLatency != 0 /*|| hasMidiOutput()*/ || isPluginOptionEnabled(options, PLUGIN_OPTION_FIXED_BUFFERS))
            pData->options |= PLUGIN_OPTION_FIXED_BUFFERS;

        if (isPluginOptionEnabled(options, PLUGIN_OPTION_USE_CHUNKS))
            pData->options |= PLUGIN_OPTION_USE_CHUNKS;

        /*
        if (hasMidiInput())
        {
            if (isPluginOptionEnabled(options, PLUGIN_OPTION_SEND_CONTROL_CHANGES))
                pData->options |= PLUGIN_OPTION_SEND_CONTROL_CHANGES;
            if (isPluginOptionEnabled(options, PLUGIN_OPTION_SEND_CHANNEL_PRESSURE))
                pData->options |= PLUGIN_OPTION_SEND_CHANNEL_PRESSURE;
            if (isPluginOptionEnabled(options, PLUGIN_OPTION_SEND_NOTE_AFTERTOUCH))
                pData->options |= PLUGIN_OPTION_SEND_NOTE_AFTERTOUCH;
            if (isPluginOptionEnabled(options, PLUGIN_OPTION_SEND_PITCHBEND))
                pData->options |= PLUGIN_OPTION_SEND_PITCHBEND;
            if (isPluginOptionEnabled(options, PLUGIN_OPTION_SEND_ALL_SOUND_OFF))
                pData->options |= PLUGIN_OPTION_SEND_ALL_SOUND_OFF;
            if (isPluginOptionEnabled(options, PLUGIN_OPTION_SEND_PROGRAM_CHANGES))
                pData->options |= PLUGIN_OPTION_SEND_PROGRAM_CHANGES;
            if (isPluginOptionInverseEnabled(options, PLUGIN_OPTION_SKIP_SENDING_NOTES))
                pData->options |= PLUGIN_OPTION_SKIP_SENDING_NOTES;
        }
        */

        /*
        if (numPrograms > 1 && (pData->options & PLUGIN_OPTION_SEND_PROGRAM_CHANGES) == 0)
            if (isPluginOptionEnabled(options, PLUGIN_OPTION_MAP_PROGRAM_CHANGES))
                pData->options |= PLUGIN_OPTION_MAP_PROGRAM_CHANGES;
        */

        // ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

        return true;
    }

protected:
    void handlePluginUIClosed() override
    {
        // CARLA_SAFE_ASSERT_RETURN(fUI.window != nullptr,);
        carla_debug("CarlaPluginVST3::handlePluginUIClosed()");

        showCustomUI(false);
        pData->engine->callback(true, true,
                                ENGINE_CALLBACK_UI_STATE_CHANGED,
                                pData->id,
                                0,
                                0, 0, 0.0f, nullptr);
    }

    void handlePluginUIResized(const uint width, const uint height) override
    {
        // CARLA_SAFE_ASSERT_RETURN(fUI.window != nullptr,);
        carla_debug("CarlaPluginVST3::handlePluginUIResized(%u, %u)", width, height);

        return; // unused
        (void)width; (void)height;
    }

private:
#ifdef CARLA_OS_MAC
    BundleLoader fMacBundleLoader;
#endif

    bool fFirstActive; // first process() call after activate()
    float** fAudioAndCvOutBuffers;
    uint32_t fLastKnownLatency;
    EngineTimeInfo fLastTimeInfo;
    v3_process_context fV3TimeContext;

    CarlaScopedPointer<carla_v3_host_application> fV3Application;
    inline v3_funknown** getHostContext() noexcept { return (v3_funknown**)&fV3Application; }

    // v3_class_info_2 is ABI compatible with v3_class_info
    union ClassInfo {
        v3_class_info v1;
        v3_class_info_2 v2;
    } fV3ClassInfo;

    struct Pointers {
        V3_EXITFN exitfn;
        v3_plugin_factory** factory1;
        v3_plugin_factory_2** factory2;
        v3_plugin_factory_3** factory3;
        v3_component** component;
        v3_edit_controller** controller;
        v3_audio_processor** processor;
        v3_plugin_view** view;
        bool shouldTerminateComponent;
        bool shouldTerminateController;

        Pointers()
            : exitfn(nullptr),
              factory1(nullptr),
              factory2(nullptr),
              factory3(nullptr),
              component(nullptr),
              controller(nullptr),
              processor(nullptr),
              view(nullptr),
              shouldTerminateComponent(false),
              shouldTerminateController(false) {}

        ~Pointers()
        {
            // must have been cleaned up by now
            CARLA_SAFE_ASSERT(exitfn == nullptr);
        }

        // must have exitfn and factory1 set
        bool queryFactories(v3_funknown** const hostContext)
        {
            // query 2nd factory
            if (v3_cpp_obj_query_interface(factory1, v3_plugin_factory_2_iid, &factory2) == V3_OK)
            {
                CARLA_SAFE_ASSERT_RETURN(factory2 != nullptr, exit());
            }
            else
            {
                CARLA_SAFE_ASSERT(factory2 == nullptr);
                factory2 = nullptr;
            }

            // query 3rd factory
            if (factory2 != nullptr && v3_cpp_obj_query_interface(factory2, v3_plugin_factory_3_iid, &factory3) == V3_OK)
            {
                CARLA_SAFE_ASSERT_RETURN(factory3 != nullptr, exit());
            }
            else
            {
                CARLA_SAFE_ASSERT(factory3 == nullptr);
                factory3 = nullptr;
            }

            // set host context (application) if 3rd factory provided
            if (factory3 != nullptr)
                v3_cpp_obj(factory3)->set_host_context(factory3, hostContext);

            return true;
        }

        // must have all possible factories and exitfn set
        bool findPlugin(ClassInfo& classInfo)
        {
            // get factory info
            v3_factory_info factoryInfo = {};
            CARLA_SAFE_ASSERT_RETURN(v3_cpp_obj(factory1)->get_factory_info(factory1, &factoryInfo) == V3_OK, exit());

            // get num classes
            const int32_t numClasses = v3_cpp_obj(factory1)->num_classes(factory1);
            CARLA_SAFE_ASSERT_RETURN(numClasses > 0, exit());

            // go through all relevant classes
            for (int32_t i=0; i<numClasses; ++i)
            {
                carla_zeroStruct(classInfo);

                if (factory2 != nullptr)
                    v3_cpp_obj(factory2)->get_class_info_2(factory2, i, &classInfo.v2);
                else
                    v3_cpp_obj(factory1)->get_class_info(factory1, i, &classInfo.v1);

                // safety check
                CARLA_SAFE_ASSERT_CONTINUE(classInfo.v1.cardinality == 0x7FFFFFFF);

                // only check for audio plugins
                if (std::strcmp(classInfo.v1.category, "Audio Module Class") != 0)
                    continue;

                // FIXME multi-plugin bundle
                break;
            }

            return true;
        }

        bool initializePlugin(const v3_tuid uid, v3_funknown** const hostContext)
        {
            // create instance
            void* instance = nullptr;
            CARLA_SAFE_ASSERT_RETURN(v3_cpp_obj(factory1)->create_instance(factory1, uid, v3_component_iid,
                                                                           &instance) == V3_OK,
                                     exit());
            CARLA_SAFE_ASSERT_RETURN(instance != nullptr, exit());

            component = static_cast<v3_component**>(instance);

            // initialize instance
            CARLA_SAFE_ASSERT_RETURN(v3_cpp_obj_initialize(component, hostContext) == V3_OK, exit());
            shouldTerminateComponent = true;

            // create edit controller
            if (v3_cpp_obj_query_interface(component, v3_edit_controller_iid, &controller) != V3_OK)
                controller = nullptr;

            // if we cannot cast from component, try to create edit controller from factory
            if (controller == nullptr)
            {
                v3_tuid cuid = {};
                if (v3_cpp_obj(component)->get_controller_class_id(component, cuid) == V3_OK)
                {
                    instance = nullptr;
                    if (v3_cpp_obj(factory1)->create_instance(factory1, cuid, v3_edit_controller_iid, &instance) == V3_OK && instance != nullptr)
                        controller = static_cast<v3_edit_controller**>(instance);
                }

                CARLA_SAFE_ASSERT_RETURN(controller != nullptr, exit());

                // component is separate from controller, needs its dedicated initialize and terminate
                CARLA_SAFE_ASSERT_RETURN(v3_cpp_obj_initialize(controller, hostContext) == V3_OK, exit());
                shouldTerminateController = true;
            }

            // create processor
            CARLA_SAFE_ASSERT_RETURN(v3_cpp_obj_query_interface(component, v3_audio_processor_iid,
                                                                &processor) == V3_OK, exit());
            CARLA_SAFE_ASSERT_RETURN(processor != nullptr, exit());

            // create view, ignoring result
            view = v3_cpp_obj(controller)->create_view(controller, "view");

            return true;
        }

        bool exit()
        {
            // must be deleted by now
            CARLA_SAFE_ASSERT(view == nullptr);

            if (processor != nullptr)
            {
                v3_cpp_obj_unref(processor);
                processor = nullptr;
            }

            if (controller != nullptr)
            {
                if (shouldTerminateController)
                {
                    v3_cpp_obj_terminate(controller);
                    shouldTerminateController = false;
                }

                v3_cpp_obj_unref(controller);
                component = nullptr;
            }

            if (component != nullptr)
            {
                if (shouldTerminateComponent)
                {
                    v3_cpp_obj_terminate(component);
                    shouldTerminateComponent = false;
                }

                v3_cpp_obj_unref(component);
                component = nullptr;
            }

            if (factory3 != nullptr)
            {
                v3_cpp_obj_unref(factory3);
                factory3 = nullptr;
            }

            if (factory2 != nullptr)
            {
                v3_cpp_obj_unref(factory2);
                factory2 = nullptr;
            }

            if (factory1 != nullptr)
            {
                v3_cpp_obj_unref(factory1);
                factory1 = nullptr;
            }

            if (exitfn != nullptr)
            {
                exitfn();
                exitfn = nullptr;
            }

            // return false so it can be used as error/fail condition
            return false;
        }

        CARLA_DECLARE_NON_COPYABLE(Pointers)
    } fV3;

    struct Events {
        carla_v3_input_param_changes* paramInputs;
        carla_v3_output_param_changes* paramOutputs;
        carla_v3_input_event_list* eventInputs;
        carla_v3_output_event_list* eventOutputs;

        Events() noexcept
          : paramInputs(nullptr),
            paramOutputs(nullptr),
            eventInputs(nullptr),
            eventOutputs(nullptr) {}

        ~Events()
        {
            delete paramInputs;
            delete paramOutputs;
            delete eventInputs;
            delete eventOutputs;
        }

        void init()
        {
            if (paramInputs != nullptr)
                paramInputs->init();

            if (eventInputs != nullptr)
                eventInputs->numEvents = 0;
        }

        void prepare()
        {
            if (paramInputs != nullptr)
                paramInputs->prepare();
        }

        CARLA_DECLARE_NON_COPYABLE(Events)
    } fEvents;

    struct UI {
        bool isAttached;
        bool isEmbed;
        bool isVisible;
        CarlaPluginUI* window;

        UI() noexcept
            : isAttached(false),
              isEmbed(false),
              isVisible(false),
              window(nullptr) {}

        ~UI()
        {
            CARLA_ASSERT(isEmbed || ! isVisible);

            if (window != nullptr)
            {
                delete window;
                window = nullptr;
            }
        }

        CARLA_DECLARE_NON_COPYABLE(UI)
    } fUI;

    CARLA_DECLARE_NON_COPYABLE_WITH_LEAK_DETECTOR(CarlaPluginVST3)
};

// --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

CarlaPluginPtr CarlaPlugin::newVST3(const Initializer& init)
{
    carla_debug("CarlaPlugin::newVST3({%p, \"%s\", \"%s\", \"%s\"})",
                init.engine, init.filename, init.name, init.label);

#ifdef USE_JUCE_FOR_VST3
    if (std::getenv("CARLA_DO_NOT_USE_JUCE_FOR_VST3") == nullptr)
        return newJuce(init, "VST3");
#endif

    std::shared_ptr<CarlaPluginVST3> plugin(new CarlaPluginVST3(init.engine, init.id));

    if (! plugin->init(plugin, init.filename, init.name, init.label, init.options))
        return nullptr;

    return plugin;
}

// -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

CARLA_BACKEND_END_NAMESPACE