diff --git a/source/backend/engine/CarlaEngineBridge.cpp b/source/backend/engine/CarlaEngineBridge.cpp
index 7a2f2e6b4..e6016597f 100644
--- a/source/backend/engine/CarlaEngineBridge.cpp
+++ b/source/backend/engine/CarlaEngineBridge.cpp
@@ -64,7 +64,8 @@ struct BridgeAudioPool {
     char shm[32];
 
     BridgeAudioPool() noexcept
-        : data(nullptr)
+        : filename(),
+          data(nullptr)
     {
         carla_zeroChar(shm, 32);
         jackbridge_shm_init(shm);
@@ -106,7 +107,8 @@ struct BridgeRtControl : public CarlaRingBuffer<StackBuffer> {
     char shm[32];
 
     BridgeRtControl() noexcept
-        : data(nullptr)
+        : filename(),
+          data(nullptr)
     {
         carla_zeroChar(shm, 32);
         jackbridge_shm_init(shm);
@@ -166,7 +168,7 @@ struct BridgeNonRtControl : public CarlaRingBuffer<BigStackBuffer> {
     char shm[32];
 
     BridgeNonRtControl() noexcept
-        : CarlaRingBuffer<BigStackBuffer>(),
+        : filename(),
           data(nullptr)
     {
         carla_zeroChar(shm, 32);
@@ -228,8 +230,12 @@ public:
     CarlaEngineBridge(const char* const audioPoolBaseName, const char* const rtBaseName, const char* const nonRtBaseName)
         : CarlaEngine(),
           CarlaThread("CarlaEngineBridge"),
+          fShmAudioPool(),
+          fShmRtControl(),
+          fShmNonRtControl(),
           fIsRunning(false),
-          fIsOffline(false)
+          fIsOffline(false),
+          leakDetector_CarlaEngineBridge()
     {
         carla_stdout("CarlaEngineBridge::CarlaEngineBridge(\"%s\", \"%s\", \"%s\")", audioPoolBaseName, rtBaseName, nonRtBaseName);
 
@@ -575,7 +581,7 @@ public:
 
                         String filePath(File::getSpecialLocation(File::tempDirectory).getFullPathName());
 
-                        filePath += OS_SEP_STR;
+                        filePath += CARLA_OS_SEP_STR;
                         filePath += ".CarlaChunk_";
                         filePath += fShmNonRtControl.filename.buffer() + 24;
 
diff --git a/source/backend/plugin/BridgePlugin.cpp b/source/backend/plugin/BridgePlugin.cpp
index e141c38cb..23c9214ed 100644
--- a/source/backend/plugin/BridgePlugin.cpp
+++ b/source/backend/plugin/BridgePlugin.cpp
@@ -103,14 +103,13 @@ struct BridgeAudioPool {
     size_t size;
     shm_t shm;
 
-    BridgeAudioPool()
-        : data(nullptr),
-          size(0)
-    {
-        carla_shm_init(shm);
-    }
+    BridgeAudioPool() noexcept
+        : filename(),
+          data(nullptr),
+          size(0),
+          shm(shm_t_INIT) {}
 
-    ~BridgeAudioPool()
+    ~BridgeAudioPool() noexcept
     {
         // should be cleared by now
         CARLA_SAFE_ASSERT(data == nullptr);
@@ -118,7 +117,7 @@ struct BridgeAudioPool {
         clear();
     }
 
-    void clear()
+    void clear() noexcept
     {
         filename.clear();
 
@@ -135,7 +134,7 @@ struct BridgeAudioPool {
         carla_shm_close(shm);
     }
 
-    void resize(const uint32_t bufferSize, const uint32_t portCount)
+    void resize(const uint32_t bufferSize, const uint32_t portCount) noexcept
     {
         if (data != nullptr)
             carla_shm_unmap(shm, data, size);
@@ -159,11 +158,9 @@ struct BridgeRtControl : public CarlaRingBuffer<StackBuffer> {
     shm_t shm;
 
     BridgeRtControl()
-        : CarlaRingBuffer<StackBuffer>(),
-          data(nullptr)
-    {
-        carla_shm_init(shm);
-    }
+        : filename(),
+          data(nullptr),
+          shm(shm_t_INIT) {}
 
     ~BridgeRtControl()
     {
@@ -173,7 +170,7 @@ struct BridgeRtControl : public CarlaRingBuffer<StackBuffer> {
         clear();
     }
 
-    void clear()
+    void clear() noexcept
     {
         filename.clear();
 
@@ -189,9 +186,9 @@ struct BridgeRtControl : public CarlaRingBuffer<StackBuffer> {
         carla_shm_close(shm);
     }
 
-    bool mapData()
+    bool mapData() noexcept
     {
-        CARLA_ASSERT(data == nullptr);
+        CARLA_SAFE_ASSERT(data == nullptr);
 
         if (carla_shm_map<BridgeRtData>(shm, data))
         {
@@ -202,7 +199,7 @@ struct BridgeRtControl : public CarlaRingBuffer<StackBuffer> {
         return false;
     }
 
-    void unmapData()
+    void unmapData() noexcept
     {
         CARLA_SAFE_ASSERT_RETURN(data != nullptr,);
 
@@ -212,7 +209,7 @@ struct BridgeRtControl : public CarlaRingBuffer<StackBuffer> {
         setRingBuffer(nullptr, false);
     }
 
-    bool waitForServer(const int secs)
+    bool waitForServer(const int secs) noexcept
     {
         CARLA_SAFE_ASSERT_RETURN(data != nullptr, false);
 
@@ -237,14 +234,13 @@ struct BridgeNonRtControl : public CarlaRingBuffer<BigStackBuffer> {
     BridgeNonRtData* data;
     shm_t shm;
 
-    BridgeNonRtControl()
-        : CarlaRingBuffer<BigStackBuffer>(),
-          data(nullptr)
-    {
-        carla_shm_init(shm);
-    }
+    BridgeNonRtControl() noexcept
+        : mutex(),
+          filename(),
+          data(nullptr),
+          shm(shm_t_INIT) {}
 
-    ~BridgeNonRtControl()
+    ~BridgeNonRtControl() noexcept
     {
         // should be cleared by now
         CARLA_SAFE_ASSERT(data == nullptr);
@@ -252,7 +248,7 @@ struct BridgeNonRtControl : public CarlaRingBuffer<BigStackBuffer> {
         clear();
     }
 
-    void clear()
+    void clear() noexcept
     {
         filename.clear();
 
@@ -268,7 +264,7 @@ struct BridgeNonRtControl : public CarlaRingBuffer<BigStackBuffer> {
         carla_shm_close(shm);
     }
 
-    bool mapData()
+    bool mapData() noexcept
     {
         CARLA_SAFE_ASSERT(data == nullptr);
 
@@ -281,7 +277,7 @@ struct BridgeNonRtControl : public CarlaRingBuffer<BigStackBuffer> {
         return false;
     }
 
-    void unmapData()
+    void unmapData() noexcept
     {
         CARLA_SAFE_ASSERT_RETURN(data != nullptr,);
 
@@ -307,7 +303,9 @@ struct BridgeParamInfo {
     CarlaString unit;
 
     BridgeParamInfo() noexcept
-        : value(0.0f) {}
+        : value(0.0f),
+          name(),
+          unit() {}
 
     CARLA_DECLARE_NON_COPY_STRUCT(BridgeParamInfo)
 };
@@ -327,7 +325,13 @@ public:
           fNeedsSemDestroy(false),
           fTimedOut(false),
           fLastPongCounter(-1),
-          fParams(nullptr)
+          fBridgeBinary(),
+          fShmAudioPool(),
+          fShmRtControl(),
+          fShmNonRtControl(),
+          fInfo(),
+          fParams(nullptr),
+          leakDetector_BridgePlugin()
     {
         carla_debug("BridgePlugin::BridgePlugin(%p, %i, %s, %s)", engine, id, BinaryType2Str(btype), PluginType2Str(ptype));
 
@@ -666,7 +670,7 @@ public:
 
         String filePath(File::getSpecialLocation(File::tempDirectory).getFullPathName());
 
-        filePath += OS_SEP_STR;
+        filePath += CARLA_OS_SEP_STR;
         filePath += ".CarlaChunk_";
         filePath += fShmAudioPool.filename.buffer() + 18;
 
@@ -2123,7 +2127,12 @@ private:
               mOuts(0),
               category(PLUGIN_CATEGORY_NONE),
               optionsAvailable(0),
-              uniqueId(0) {}
+              uniqueId(0),
+              name(),
+              label(),
+              maker(),
+              copyright(),
+              chunk() {}
     } fInfo;
 
     BridgeParamInfo* fParams;
diff --git a/source/backend/plugin/CarlaPluginInternal.cpp b/source/backend/plugin/CarlaPluginInternal.cpp
index 7c72e314c..1a4a19133 100644
--- a/source/backend/plugin/CarlaPluginInternal.cpp
+++ b/source/backend/plugin/CarlaPluginInternal.cpp
@@ -359,7 +359,8 @@ const MidiProgramData& PluginMidiProgramData::getCurrent() const noexcept
 // ProtectedData::ExternalNotes
 
 CarlaPlugin::ProtectedData::ExternalNotes::ExternalNotes() noexcept
-    : dataPool(32, 152),
+    : mutex(),
+      dataPool(32, 152),
       data(dataPool) {}
 
 CarlaPlugin::ProtectedData::ExternalNotes::~ExternalNotes() noexcept
@@ -385,7 +386,8 @@ void CarlaPlugin::ProtectedData::ExternalNotes::clear() noexcept
 // ProtectedData::PostRtEvents
 
 CarlaPlugin::ProtectedData::PostRtEvents::PostRtEvents() noexcept
-    : dataPool(128, 128),
+    : mutex(),
+      dataPool(128, 128),
       data(dataPool),
       dataPendingRT(dataPool) {}
 
@@ -431,7 +433,8 @@ CarlaPlugin::ProtectedData::PostProc::PostProc() noexcept
 // -----------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 CarlaPlugin::ProtectedData::OSC::OSC(CarlaEngine* const eng, CarlaPlugin* const plug) noexcept
-    : thread(eng, plug) {}
+    : data(),
+      thread(eng, plug) {}
 
 // -----------------------------------------------------------------------
 
@@ -456,6 +459,21 @@ CarlaPlugin::ProtectedData::ProtectedData(CarlaEngine* const eng, const uint idx
       name(nullptr),
       filename(nullptr),
       iconName(nullptr),
+      audioIn(),
+      audioOut(),
+      event(),
+      param(),
+      prog(),
+      midiprog(),
+      custom(),
+      masterMutex(),
+      singleMutex(),
+      stateSave(),
+      extNotes(),
+      postRtEvents(),
+#ifndef BUILD_BRIDGE
+      postProc(),
+#endif
       osc(eng, plug) {}
 
 CarlaPlugin::ProtectedData::~ProtectedData() noexcept
diff --git a/source/backend/plugin/CarlaPluginThread.cpp b/source/backend/plugin/CarlaPluginThread.cpp
index 95f69630c..a7f4d3bf7 100644
--- a/source/backend/plugin/CarlaPluginThread.cpp
+++ b/source/backend/plugin/CarlaPluginThread.cpp
@@ -58,7 +58,12 @@ CarlaPluginThread::CarlaPluginThread(CarlaBackend::CarlaEngine* const engine, Ca
       fEngine(engine),
       fPlugin(plugin),
       fMode(mode),
-      fProcess(nullptr)
+      fBinary(),
+      fLabel(),
+      fExtra1(),
+      fExtra2(),
+      fProcess(nullptr),
+      leakDetector_CarlaPluginThread()
 {
     carla_debug("CarlaPluginThread::CarlaPluginThread(%p, %p, %s)", engine, plugin, PluginThreadMode2str(mode));
 }
diff --git a/source/backend/plugin/DssiPlugin.cpp b/source/backend/plugin/DssiPlugin.cpp
index 25e4be322..6d7956a1b 100644
--- a/source/backend/plugin/DssiPlugin.cpp
+++ b/source/backend/plugin/DssiPlugin.cpp
@@ -40,7 +40,8 @@ public:
           fAudioOutBuffers(nullptr),
           fParamBuffers(nullptr),
           fLatencyChanged(false),
-          fLatencyIndex(-1)
+          fLatencyIndex(-1),
+          leakDetector_DssiPlugin()
     {
         carla_debug("DssiPlugin::DssiPlugin(%p, %i)", engine, id);
 
diff --git a/source/backend/plugin/FluidSynthPlugin.cpp b/source/backend/plugin/FluidSynthPlugin.cpp
index ea1ecd17d..9245adf14 100644
--- a/source/backend/plugin/FluidSynthPlugin.cpp
+++ b/source/backend/plugin/FluidSynthPlugin.cpp
@@ -49,7 +49,8 @@ public:
           fSynth(nullptr),
           fSynthId(0),
           fAudio16Buffers(nullptr),
-          fLabel(nullptr)
+          fLabel(nullptr),
+          leakDetector_FluidSynthPlugin()
     {
         carla_debug("FluidSynthPlugin::FluidSynthPlugin(%p, %i, %s)", engine, id,  bool2str(use16Outs));
 
diff --git a/source/backend/plugin/LadspaPlugin.cpp b/source/backend/plugin/LadspaPlugin.cpp
index 3d264537a..420ab3ffc 100644
--- a/source/backend/plugin/LadspaPlugin.cpp
+++ b/source/backend/plugin/LadspaPlugin.cpp
@@ -38,7 +38,8 @@ public:
           fAudioOutBuffers(nullptr),
           fParamBuffers(nullptr),
           fLatencyChanged(false),
-          fLatencyIndex(-1)
+          fLatencyIndex(-1),
+          leakDetector_LadspaPlugin()
     {
         carla_debug("LadspaPlugin::LadspaPlugin(%p, %i)", engine, id);
     }
diff --git a/source/backend/plugin/LinuxSamplerPlugin.cpp b/source/backend/plugin/LinuxSamplerPlugin.cpp
index 77d2079ab..f39bd0fbb 100644
--- a/source/backend/plugin/LinuxSamplerPlugin.cpp
+++ b/source/backend/plugin/LinuxSamplerPlugin.cpp
@@ -55,7 +55,8 @@ public:
     AudioOutputDevicePlugin(const CarlaEngine* const engine, const CarlaPlugin* const plugin, const bool uses16Outs)
         : AudioOutputDevice(std::map<std::string, DeviceCreationParameter*>()),
           kEngine(engine),
-          kPlugin(plugin)
+          kPlugin(plugin),
+          leakDetector_AudioOutputDevicePlugin()
     {
         CARLA_ASSERT(engine != nullptr);
         CARLA_ASSERT(plugin != nullptr);
@@ -114,6 +115,8 @@ public:
 private:
     const CarlaEngine* const kEngine;
     const CarlaPlugin* const kPlugin;
+
+    CARLA_DECLARE_NON_COPYABLE_WITH_LEAK_DETECTOR(AudioOutputDevicePlugin)
 };
 
 // -----------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -123,9 +126,12 @@ class MidiInputPortPlugin : public MidiInputPort
 {
 public:
     MidiInputPortPlugin(MidiInputDevice* const device, const int portNum)
-        : MidiInputPort(device, portNum) {}
+        : MidiInputPort(device, portNum),
+          leakDetector_MidiInputPortPlugin() {}
 
     ~MidiInputPortPlugin() override {}
+
+    CARLA_DECLARE_NON_COPYABLE_WITH_LEAK_DETECTOR(MidiInputPortPlugin)
 };
 
 // -----------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -135,7 +141,8 @@ class MidiInputDevicePlugin : public MidiInputDevice
 {
 public:
     MidiInputDevicePlugin(Sampler* const sampler)
-        : MidiInputDevice(std::map<std::string, DeviceCreationParameter*>(), sampler) {}
+        : MidiInputDevice(std::map<std::string, DeviceCreationParameter*>(), sampler),
+          leakDetector_MidiInputDevicePlugin() {}
 
     // -------------------------------------------------------------------
     // LinuxSampler virtual methods
@@ -164,6 +171,8 @@ public:
     {
         return new MidiInputPortPlugin(this, int(Ports.size()));
     }
+
+    CARLA_DECLARE_NON_COPYABLE_WITH_LEAK_DETECTOR(MidiInputDevicePlugin)
 };
 
 // -----------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -203,7 +212,10 @@ public:
           fRealName(nullptr),
           fAudioOutputDevice(nullptr),
           fMidiInputPort(nullptr),
-          fInstrument(nullptr)
+          fInstrument(nullptr),
+          fInstrumentIds(),
+          sSampler(),
+          leakDetector_LinuxSamplerPlugin()
     {
         carla_debug("LinuxSamplerPlugin::LinuxSamplerPlugin(%p, %i, %s, %s)", engine, id, bool2str(isGIG), bool2str(use16Outs));
 
@@ -420,17 +432,19 @@ public:
                         LinuxSampler::EngineChannel* const engineChannel(fEngineChannels[channel]);
                         CARLA_SAFE_ASSERT_CONTINUE(engineChannel != nullptr);
 
+                        const uint32_t uindex(static_cast<uint32_t>(index));
+
                         if (pData->engine->isOffline())
                         {
                             try {
-                                engineChannel->PrepareLoadInstrument(pData->filename, index);
+                                engineChannel->PrepareLoadInstrument(pData->filename, uindex);
                                 engineChannel->LoadInstrument();
                             } CARLA_SAFE_EXCEPTION("LoadInstrument");
                         }
                         else
                         {
                             try {
-                                fInstrument->LoadInstrumentInBackground(fInstrumentIds[index], engineChannel);
+                                fInstrument->LoadInstrumentInBackground(fInstrumentIds[uindex], engineChannel);
                             } CARLA_SAFE_EXCEPTION("LoadInstrumentInBackground");
                         }
 
@@ -464,19 +478,21 @@ public:
             LinuxSampler::EngineChannel* const engineChannel(fEngineChannels[channel]);
             CARLA_SAFE_ASSERT_RETURN(engineChannel != nullptr,);
 
+            const uint32_t uindex(static_cast<uint32_t>(index));
+
             const ScopedSingleProcessLocker spl(this, (sendGui || sendOsc || sendCallback));
 
             if (pData->engine->isOffline())
             {
                 try {
-                    engineChannel->PrepareLoadInstrument(pData->filename, index);
+                    engineChannel->PrepareLoadInstrument(pData->filename, uindex);
                     engineChannel->LoadInstrument();
                 } CARLA_SAFE_EXCEPTION("LoadInstrument");
             }
             else
             {
                 try {
-                    fInstrument->LoadInstrumentInBackground(fInstrumentIds[index], engineChannel);
+                    fInstrument->LoadInstrumentInBackground(fInstrumentIds[uindex], engineChannel);
                 } CARLA_SAFE_EXCEPTION("LoadInstrumentInBackground");
             }
 
diff --git a/source/backend/plugin/Lv2Plugin.cpp b/source/backend/plugin/Lv2Plugin.cpp
index a003db455..a3629ed5e 100644
--- a/source/backend/plugin/Lv2Plugin.cpp
+++ b/source/backend/plugin/Lv2Plugin.cpp
@@ -374,6 +374,8 @@ struct Lv2PluginOptions {
             windowTitle = nullptr;
         }
     }
+
+    CARLA_DECLARE_NON_COPY_STRUCT(Lv2PluginOptions);
 };
 
 // -----------------------------------------------------
@@ -396,8 +398,21 @@ public:
           fCanInit2(true),
           fLatencyChanged(false),
           fLatencyIndex(-1),
+          fAtomBufferIn(),
+          fAtomBufferOut(),
+          fAtomForge(),
+          fCvIn(),
+          fCvOut(),
+          fEventsIn(),
+          fEventsOut(),
+          fLv2Options(),
+          fCustomURIDs(),
           fFirstActive(true),
-          fLastStateChunk(nullptr)
+          fLastStateChunk(nullptr),
+          fLastTimeInfo(),
+          fExt(),
+          fUI(),
+          leakDetector_Lv2Plugin()
     {
         carla_debug("Lv2Plugin::Lv2Plugin(%p, %i)", engine, id);
 
@@ -445,11 +460,11 @@ public:
         carla_debug("Lv2Plugin::~Lv2Plugin()");
 
         // close UI
-        if (fUi.type != UI::TYPE_NULL)
+        if (fUI.type != UI::TYPE_NULL)
         {
             showCustomUI(false);
 
-            if (fUi.type == UI::TYPE_OSC)
+            if (fUI.type == UI::TYPE_OSC)
             {
                 pData->osc.thread.stopThread(static_cast<int>(pData->engine->getOptions().uiBridgesTimeout * 2));
             }
@@ -467,19 +482,19 @@ public:
                 if (fFeatures[kFeatureIdExternalUi] != nullptr && fFeatures[kFeatureIdExternalUi]->data != nullptr)
                     delete (LV2_External_UI_Host*)fFeatures[kFeatureIdExternalUi]->data;
 
-                fUi.descriptor = nullptr;
+                fUI.descriptor = nullptr;
                 pData->uiLibClose();
             }
 
 #ifndef LV2_UIS_ONLY_BRIDGES
-            if (fUi.window != nullptr)
+            if (fUI.window != nullptr)
             {
-                delete fUi.window;
-                fUi.window = nullptr;
+                delete fUI.window;
+                fUI.window = nullptr;
             }
 #endif
 
-            fUi.rdfDescriptor = nullptr;
+            fUI.rdfDescriptor = nullptr;
         }
 
         pData->singleMutex.lock();
@@ -978,8 +993,8 @@ public:
             ((LV2_External_UI_Host*)fFeatures[kFeatureIdExternalUi]->data)->plugin_human_id = fLv2Options.windowTitle;
 
 #ifndef LV2_UIS_ONLY_BRIDGES
-        if (fUi.window != nullptr)
-            fUi.window->setTitle(fLv2Options.windowTitle);
+        if (fUI.window != nullptr)
+            fUI.window->setTitle(fLv2Options.windowTitle);
 #endif
     }
 
@@ -1112,12 +1127,12 @@ public:
 
     void showCustomUI(const bool yesNo) override
     {
-        CARLA_SAFE_ASSERT_RETURN(fUi.type != UI::TYPE_NULL,);
+        CARLA_SAFE_ASSERT_RETURN(fUI.type != UI::TYPE_NULL,);
 
         if (! yesNo)
             pData->transientTryCounter = 0;
 
-        if (fUi.type == UI::TYPE_OSC)
+        if (fUI.type == UI::TYPE_OSC)
         {
             if (yesNo)
             {
@@ -1139,31 +1154,31 @@ public:
         }
 
         // take some precautions
-        CARLA_SAFE_ASSERT_RETURN(fUi.descriptor != nullptr,);
-        CARLA_SAFE_ASSERT_RETURN(fUi.rdfDescriptor != nullptr,);
+        CARLA_SAFE_ASSERT_RETURN(fUI.descriptor != nullptr,);
+        CARLA_SAFE_ASSERT_RETURN(fUI.rdfDescriptor != nullptr,);
 
         if (yesNo)
         {
-            CARLA_SAFE_ASSERT_RETURN(fUi.descriptor->instantiate != nullptr,);
-            CARLA_SAFE_ASSERT_RETURN(fUi.descriptor->cleanup != nullptr,);
+            CARLA_SAFE_ASSERT_RETURN(fUI.descriptor->instantiate != nullptr,);
+            CARLA_SAFE_ASSERT_RETURN(fUI.descriptor->cleanup != nullptr,);
         }
         else
         {
-            if (fUi.handle == nullptr)
+            if (fUI.handle == nullptr)
                 return;
         }
 
         if (yesNo)
         {
-            if (fUi.handle == nullptr)
+            if (fUI.handle == nullptr)
             {
 #ifndef LV2_UIS_ONLY_BRIDGES
-                if (fUi.type == UI::TYPE_EMBED)
+                if (fUI.type == UI::TYPE_EMBED)
                 {
                     const char* msg = nullptr;
                     const uintptr_t frontendWinId(pData->engine->getOptions().frontendWinId);
 
-                    switch (fUi.rdfDescriptor->Type)
+                    switch (fUI.rdfDescriptor->Type)
                     {
                     case LV2_UI_GTK2:
                     case LV2_UI_GTK3:
@@ -1176,7 +1191,7 @@ public:
 
                     case LV2_UI_COCOA:
 # ifdef CARLA_OS_MAC
-                        fUi.window = CarlaPluginUI::newCocoa(this, frontendWinId);
+                        fUI.window = CarlaPluginUI::newCocoa(this, frontendWinId);
 # else
                         msg = "UI is for MacOS only";
 # endif
@@ -1184,7 +1199,7 @@ public:
 
                     case LV2_UI_WINDOWS:
 # ifdef CARLA_OS_WIN
-                        fUi.window = CarlaPluginUI::newWindows(this, frontendWinId);
+                        fUI.window = CarlaPluginUI::newWindows(this, frontendWinId);
 # else
                         msg = "UI is for Windows only";
 # endif
@@ -1192,7 +1207,7 @@ public:
 
                     case LV2_UI_X11:
 # ifdef HAVE_X11
-                        fUi.window = CarlaPluginUI::newX11(this, frontendWinId);
+                        fUI.window = CarlaPluginUI::newX11(this, frontendWinId);
 # else
                         msg = "UI is only for systems with X11";
 # endif
@@ -1203,37 +1218,37 @@ public:
                         break;
                     }
 
-                    if (fUi.window == nullptr && fExt.uishow == nullptr)
+                    if (fUI.window == nullptr && fExt.uishow == nullptr)
                     {
                         return pData->engine->callback(ENGINE_CALLBACK_UI_STATE_CHANGED, pData->id, -1, 0, 0.0f, msg);
                         // unused
                         (void)frontendWinId;
                     }
 
-                    if (fUi.window != nullptr)
+                    if (fUI.window != nullptr)
                     {
-                        fUi.window->setTitle(fLv2Options.windowTitle);
-                        fFeatures[kFeatureIdUiParent]->data = fUi.window->getPtr();
+                        fUI.window->setTitle(fLv2Options.windowTitle);
+                        fFeatures[kFeatureIdUiParent]->data = fUI.window->getPtr();
                     }
                 }
 #endif
 
-                fUi.widget = nullptr;
-                fUi.handle = fUi.descriptor->instantiate(fUi.descriptor, fRdfDescriptor->URI, fUi.rdfDescriptor->Bundle,
-                                                         carla_lv2_ui_write_function, this, &fUi.widget, fFeatures);
+                fUI.widget = nullptr;
+                fUI.handle = fUI.descriptor->instantiate(fUI.descriptor, fRdfDescriptor->URI, fUI.rdfDescriptor->Bundle,
+                                                         carla_lv2_ui_write_function, this, &fUI.widget, fFeatures);
             }
 
-            CARLA_SAFE_ASSERT(fUi.handle != nullptr);
-            CARLA_SAFE_ASSERT(fUi.type != UI::TYPE_EXTERNAL || fUi.widget != nullptr);
+            CARLA_SAFE_ASSERT(fUI.handle != nullptr);
+            CARLA_SAFE_ASSERT(fUI.type != UI::TYPE_EXTERNAL || fUI.widget != nullptr);
 
-            if (fUi.handle == nullptr || (fUi.type == UI::TYPE_EXTERNAL && fUi.widget == nullptr))
+            if (fUI.handle == nullptr || (fUI.type == UI::TYPE_EXTERNAL && fUI.widget == nullptr))
             {
-                fUi.widget = nullptr;
+                fUI.widget = nullptr;
 
-                if (fUi.handle != nullptr)
+                if (fUI.handle != nullptr)
                 {
-                    fUi.descriptor->cleanup(fUi.handle);
-                    fUi.handle = nullptr;
+                    fUI.descriptor->cleanup(fUI.handle);
+                    fUI.handle = nullptr;
                 }
 
                 return pData->engine->callback(ENGINE_CALLBACK_UI_STATE_CHANGED, pData->id, -1, 0, 0.0f, "Plugin refused to open its own UI");
@@ -1242,15 +1257,15 @@ public:
             updateUi();
 
 #ifndef LV2_UIS_ONLY_BRIDGES
-            if (fUi.type == UI::TYPE_EMBED)
+            if (fUI.type == UI::TYPE_EMBED)
             {
-                if (fUi.window != nullptr)
+                if (fUI.window != nullptr)
                 {
-                    fUi.window->show();
+                    fUI.window->show();
                 }
                 else if (fExt.uishow != nullptr)
                 {
-                    fExt.uishow->show(fUi.handle);
+                    fExt.uishow->show(fUI.handle);
 # ifndef BUILD_BRIDGE
                     pData->tryTransient();
 # endif
@@ -1259,7 +1274,7 @@ public:
             else
 #endif
             {
-                LV2_EXTERNAL_UI_SHOW((LV2_External_UI_Widget*)fUi.widget);
+                LV2_EXTERNAL_UI_SHOW((LV2_External_UI_Widget*)fUI.widget);
 #ifndef BUILD_BRIDGE
                 pData->tryTransient();
 #endif
@@ -1268,25 +1283,25 @@ public:
         else
         {
 #ifndef LV2_UIS_ONLY_BRIDGES
-            if (fUi.type == UI::TYPE_EMBED)
+            if (fUI.type == UI::TYPE_EMBED)
             {
-                if (fUi.window != nullptr)
-                    fUi.window->hide();
+                if (fUI.window != nullptr)
+                    fUI.window->hide();
                 else if (fExt.uishow != nullptr)
-                    fExt.uishow->hide(fUi.handle);
+                    fExt.uishow->hide(fUI.handle);
             }
             else
 #endif
             {
-                CARLA_SAFE_ASSERT(fUi.widget != nullptr);
+                CARLA_SAFE_ASSERT(fUI.widget != nullptr);
 
-                if (fUi.widget != nullptr)
-                    LV2_EXTERNAL_UI_HIDE((LV2_External_UI_Widget*)fUi.widget);
+                if (fUI.widget != nullptr)
+                    LV2_EXTERNAL_UI_HIDE((LV2_External_UI_Widget*)fUI.widget);
             }
 
-            fUi.descriptor->cleanup(fUi.handle);
-            fUi.handle = nullptr;
-            fUi.widget = nullptr;
+            fUI.descriptor->cleanup(fUI.handle);
+            fUI.handle = nullptr;
+            fUI.widget = nullptr;
         }
     }
 
@@ -1301,7 +1316,7 @@ public:
 
             uint32_t portIndex;
             const LV2_Atom* atom;
-            const bool hasPortEvent(fUi.handle != nullptr && fUi.descriptor != nullptr && fUi.descriptor->port_event != nullptr);
+            const bool hasPortEvent(fUI.handle != nullptr && fUI.descriptor != nullptr && fUI.descriptor->port_event != nullptr);
 
             for (; tmpRingBuffer.get(atom, portIndex);)
             {
@@ -1310,7 +1325,7 @@ public:
                     CARLA_SAFE_ASSERT_CONTINUE(fExt.worker != nullptr && fExt.worker->work != nullptr);
                     fExt.worker->work(fHandle, carla_lv2_worker_respond, this, atom->size, LV2_ATOM_BODY_CONST(atom));
                 }
-                else if (fUi.type == UI::TYPE_OSC)
+                else if (fUI.type == UI::TYPE_OSC)
                 {
                     if (pData->osc.data.target != nullptr)
                     {
@@ -1321,7 +1336,7 @@ public:
                 else
                 {
                     if (hasPortEvent)
-                        fUi.descriptor->port_event(fUi.handle, portIndex, atom->size, CARLA_URI_MAP_ID_ATOM_TRANSFER_EVENT, atom);
+                        fUI.descriptor->port_event(fUI.handle, portIndex, atom->size, CARLA_URI_MAP_ID_ATOM_TRANSFER_EVENT, atom);
                 }
             }
         }
@@ -1353,16 +1368,16 @@ public:
                 carla_safe_assert_int("latency >= 0", __FILE__, __LINE__, latency);
         }
 
-        if (fUi.handle != nullptr && fUi.descriptor != nullptr)
+        if (fUI.handle != nullptr && fUI.descriptor != nullptr)
         {
-            if (fUi.type == UI::TYPE_EXTERNAL && fUi.widget != nullptr)
-                LV2_EXTERNAL_UI_RUN((LV2_External_UI_Widget*)fUi.widget);
+            if (fUI.type == UI::TYPE_EXTERNAL && fUI.widget != nullptr)
+                LV2_EXTERNAL_UI_RUN((LV2_External_UI_Widget*)fUI.widget);
 #ifndef LV2_UIS_ONLY_BRIDGES
-            else if (fUi.type == UI::TYPE_EMBED && fUi.window != nullptr)
-                fUi.window->idle();
+            else if (fUI.type == UI::TYPE_EMBED && fUI.window != nullptr)
+                fUI.window->idle();
 
             // note: UI might have been closed by ext-ui or window idle
-            if (fUi.handle != nullptr && fExt.uiidle != nullptr && fExt.uiidle->idle(fUi.handle) != 0)
+            if (fUI.handle != nullptr && fExt.uiidle != nullptr && fExt.uiidle->idle(fUI.handle) != 0)
             {
                 showCustomUI(false);
                 pData->engine->callback(ENGINE_CALLBACK_UI_STATE_CHANGED, pData->id, 0, 0, 0.0f, nullptr);
@@ -2129,10 +2144,10 @@ public:
             pData->event.portOut = (CarlaEngineEventPort*)pData->client->addPort(kEnginePortTypeEvent, portName, false);
         }
 
-        if (fExt.worker != nullptr || (fUi.type != UI::TYPE_NULL && fEventsIn.count > 0 && (fEventsIn.data[0].type & CARLA_EVENT_DATA_ATOM) != 0))
+        if (fExt.worker != nullptr || (fUI.type != UI::TYPE_NULL && fEventsIn.count > 0 && (fEventsIn.data[0].type & CARLA_EVENT_DATA_ATOM) != 0))
             fAtomBufferIn.createBuffer(eventBufferSize);
 
-        if (fExt.worker != nullptr || (fUi.type != UI::TYPE_NULL && fEventsOut.count > 0 && (fEventsOut.data[0].type & CARLA_EVENT_DATA_ATOM) != 0))
+        if (fExt.worker != nullptr || (fUI.type != UI::TYPE_NULL && fEventsOut.count > 0 && (fEventsOut.data[0].type & CARLA_EVENT_DATA_ATOM) != 0))
             fAtomBufferOut.createBuffer(eventBufferSize);
 
         if (fEventsIn.ctrl != nullptr && fEventsIn.ctrl->port == nullptr)
@@ -2152,11 +2167,11 @@ public:
         if (isRealtimeSafe())
             pData->hints |= PLUGIN_IS_RTSAFE;
 
-        if (fUi.type != UI::TYPE_NULL)
+        if (fUI.type != UI::TYPE_NULL)
         {
             pData->hints |= PLUGIN_HAS_CUSTOM_UI;
 
-            if (fUi.type == UI::TYPE_EMBED)
+            if (fUI.type == UI::TYPE_EMBED)
                 pData->hints |= PLUGIN_NEEDS_SINGLE_THREAD;
         }
 
@@ -3710,30 +3725,30 @@ public:
 
     void uiParameterChange(const uint32_t index, const float value) noexcept override
     {
-        CARLA_SAFE_ASSERT_RETURN(fUi.type != UI::TYPE_NULL,);
+        CARLA_SAFE_ASSERT_RETURN(fUI.type != UI::TYPE_NULL,);
         CARLA_SAFE_ASSERT_RETURN(index < pData->param.count,);
 
-        if (fUi.type == UI::TYPE_OSC)
+        if (fUI.type == UI::TYPE_OSC)
         {
             if (pData->osc.data.target != nullptr)
                 osc_send_control(pData->osc.data, pData->param.data[index].rindex, value);
         }
         else
         {
-            if (fUi.handle != nullptr && fUi.descriptor != nullptr && fUi.descriptor->port_event != nullptr)
+            if (fUI.handle != nullptr && fUI.descriptor != nullptr && fUI.descriptor->port_event != nullptr)
             {
                 CARLA_SAFE_ASSERT_RETURN(pData->param.data[index].rindex >= 0,);
-                fUi.descriptor->port_event(fUi.handle, static_cast<uint32_t>(pData->param.data[index].rindex), sizeof(float), 0, &value);
+                fUI.descriptor->port_event(fUI.handle, static_cast<uint32_t>(pData->param.data[index].rindex), sizeof(float), 0, &value);
             }
         }
     }
 
     void uiMidiProgramChange(const uint32_t index) noexcept override
     {
-        CARLA_SAFE_ASSERT_RETURN(fUi.type != UI::TYPE_NULL,);
+        CARLA_SAFE_ASSERT_RETURN(fUI.type != UI::TYPE_NULL,);
         CARLA_SAFE_ASSERT_RETURN(index < pData->midiprog.count,);
 
-        if (fUi.type == UI::TYPE_OSC)
+        if (fUI.type == UI::TYPE_OSC)
         {
             if (pData->osc.data.target != nullptr)
                 osc_send_midi_program(pData->osc.data, pData->midiprog.data[index].bank, pData->midiprog.data[index].program);
@@ -3741,18 +3756,18 @@ public:
         else
         {
             if (fExt.uiprograms != nullptr && fExt.uiprograms->select_program != nullptr)
-                fExt.uiprograms->select_program(fUi.handle, pData->midiprog.data[index].bank, pData->midiprog.data[index].program);
+                fExt.uiprograms->select_program(fUI.handle, pData->midiprog.data[index].bank, pData->midiprog.data[index].program);
         }
     }
 
     void uiNoteOn(const uint8_t channel, const uint8_t note, const uint8_t velo) noexcept override
     {
-        CARLA_SAFE_ASSERT_RETURN(fUi.type != UI::TYPE_NULL,);
+        CARLA_SAFE_ASSERT_RETURN(fUI.type != UI::TYPE_NULL,);
         CARLA_SAFE_ASSERT_RETURN(channel < MAX_MIDI_CHANNELS,);
         CARLA_SAFE_ASSERT_RETURN(note < MAX_MIDI_NOTE,);
         CARLA_SAFE_ASSERT_RETURN(velo > 0 && velo < MAX_MIDI_VALUE,);
 
-        if (fUi.type == UI::TYPE_OSC)
+        if (fUI.type == UI::TYPE_OSC)
         {
             if (pData->osc.data.target != nullptr)
             {
@@ -3765,7 +3780,7 @@ public:
         }
         else
         {
-            if (fUi.handle != nullptr && fUi.descriptor != nullptr && fUi.descriptor->port_event != nullptr && fEventsIn.ctrl != nullptr)
+            if (fUI.handle != nullptr && fUI.descriptor != nullptr && fUI.descriptor->port_event != nullptr && fEventsIn.ctrl != nullptr)
             {
                 LV2_Atom_MidiEvent midiEv;
                 midiEv.event.time.frames = 0;
@@ -3775,18 +3790,18 @@ public:
                 midiEv.data[1] = note;
                 midiEv.data[2] = velo;
 
-                fUi.descriptor->port_event(fUi.handle, fEventsIn.ctrl->rindex, 3, CARLA_URI_MAP_ID_ATOM_TRANSFER_ATOM, &midiEv);
+                fUI.descriptor->port_event(fUI.handle, fEventsIn.ctrl->rindex, 3, CARLA_URI_MAP_ID_ATOM_TRANSFER_ATOM, &midiEv);
             }
         }
     }
 
     void uiNoteOff(const uint8_t channel, const uint8_t note) noexcept override
     {
-        CARLA_SAFE_ASSERT_RETURN(fUi.type != UI::TYPE_NULL,);
+        CARLA_SAFE_ASSERT_RETURN(fUI.type != UI::TYPE_NULL,);
         CARLA_SAFE_ASSERT_RETURN(channel < MAX_MIDI_CHANNELS,);
         CARLA_SAFE_ASSERT_RETURN(note < MAX_MIDI_NOTE,);
 
-        if (fUi.type == UI::TYPE_OSC)
+        if (fUI.type == UI::TYPE_OSC)
         {
             if (pData->osc.data.target != nullptr)
             {
@@ -3798,7 +3813,7 @@ public:
         }
         else
         {
-            if (fUi.handle != nullptr && fUi.descriptor != nullptr && fUi.descriptor->port_event != nullptr && fEventsIn.ctrl != nullptr)
+            if (fUI.handle != nullptr && fUI.descriptor != nullptr && fUI.descriptor->port_event != nullptr && fEventsIn.ctrl != nullptr)
             {
                 LV2_Atom_MidiEvent midiEv;
                 midiEv.event.time.frames = 0;
@@ -3808,7 +3823,7 @@ public:
                 midiEv.data[1] = note;
                 midiEv.data[2] = 0;
 
-                fUi.descriptor->port_event(fUi.handle, fEventsIn.ctrl->rindex, 3, CARLA_URI_MAP_ID_ATOM_TRANSFER_ATOM, &midiEv);
+                fUI.descriptor->port_event(fUI.handle, fEventsIn.ctrl->rindex, 3, CARLA_URI_MAP_ID_ATOM_TRANSFER_ATOM, &midiEv);
             }
         }
     }
@@ -3848,16 +3863,16 @@ public:
         CARLA_SAFE_ASSERT_RETURN(uiId < fRdfDescriptor->UICount, false);
 
 #ifndef LV2_UIS_ONLY_INPROCESS
-        const LV2_RDF_UI* const rdfUi(&fRdfDescriptor->UIs[uiId]);
+        const LV2_RDF_UI* const rdfUI(&fRdfDescriptor->UIs[uiId]);
 
-        if (std::strstr(rdfUi->URI, "http://calf.sourceforge.net/plugins/gui/") != nullptr)
+        if (std::strstr(rdfUI->URI, "http://calf.sourceforge.net/plugins/gui/") != nullptr)
             return false;
 
-        for (uint32_t i=0; i < rdfUi->FeatureCount; ++i)
+        for (uint32_t i=0; i < rdfUI->FeatureCount; ++i)
         {
-            if (std::strcmp(rdfUi->Features[i].URI, LV2_INSTANCE_ACCESS_URI) == 0)
+            if (std::strcmp(rdfUI->Features[i].URI, LV2_INSTANCE_ACCESS_URI) == 0)
                 return false;
-            if (std::strcmp(rdfUi->Features[i].URI, LV2_DATA_ACCESS_URI) == 0)
+            if (std::strcmp(rdfUI->Features[i].URI, LV2_DATA_ACCESS_URI) == 0)
                 return false;
         }
 
@@ -3869,13 +3884,13 @@ public:
 
     bool isUiResizable() const noexcept
     {
-        CARLA_SAFE_ASSERT_RETURN(fUi.rdfDescriptor != nullptr, false);
+        CARLA_SAFE_ASSERT_RETURN(fUI.rdfDescriptor != nullptr, false);
 
-        for (uint32_t i=0; i < fUi.rdfDescriptor->FeatureCount; ++i)
+        for (uint32_t i=0; i < fUI.rdfDescriptor->FeatureCount; ++i)
         {
-            if (std::strcmp(fUi.rdfDescriptor->Features[i].URI, LV2_UI__fixedSize) == 0)
+            if (std::strcmp(fUI.rdfDescriptor->Features[i].URI, LV2_UI__fixedSize) == 0)
                 return false;
-            if (std::strcmp(fUi.rdfDescriptor->Features[i].URI, LV2_UI__noUserResize) == 0)
+            if (std::strcmp(fUI.rdfDescriptor->Features[i].URI, LV2_UI__noUserResize) == 0)
                 return false;
         }
 
@@ -3892,29 +3907,29 @@ public:
         switch (type)
         {
         case LV2_UI_GTK2:
-            bridgeBinary += OS_SEP_STR "carla-bridge-lv2-gtk2";
+            bridgeBinary += CARLA_OS_SEP_STR "carla-bridge-lv2-gtk2";
             break;
         case LV2_UI_GTK3:
-            bridgeBinary += OS_SEP_STR "carla-bridge-lv2-gtk3";
+            bridgeBinary += CARLA_OS_SEP_STR "carla-bridge-lv2-gtk3";
             break;
         case LV2_UI_QT4:
-            bridgeBinary += OS_SEP_STR "carla-bridge-lv2-qt4";
+            bridgeBinary += CARLA_OS_SEP_STR "carla-bridge-lv2-qt4";
             break;
         case LV2_UI_QT5:
-            bridgeBinary += OS_SEP_STR "carla-bridge-lv2-qt5";
+            bridgeBinary += CARLA_OS_SEP_STR "carla-bridge-lv2-qt5";
             break;
         case LV2_UI_COCOA:
-            bridgeBinary += OS_SEP_STR "carla-bridge-lv2-cocoa";
+            bridgeBinary += CARLA_OS_SEP_STR "carla-bridge-lv2-cocoa";
             break;
         case LV2_UI_WINDOWS:
-            bridgeBinary += OS_SEP_STR "carla-bridge-lv2-windows";
+            bridgeBinary += CARLA_OS_SEP_STR "carla-bridge-lv2-windows";
             break;
         case LV2_UI_X11:
-            bridgeBinary += OS_SEP_STR "carla-bridge-lv2-x11";
+            bridgeBinary += CARLA_OS_SEP_STR "carla-bridge-lv2-x11";
             break;
         case LV2_UI_EXTERNAL:
         case LV2_UI_OLD_EXTERNAL:
-            bridgeBinary += OS_SEP_STR "carla-bridge-lv2-external";
+            bridgeBinary += CARLA_OS_SEP_STR "carla-bridge-lv2-external";
             break;
         default:
             return nullptr;
@@ -3994,25 +4009,25 @@ public:
 
     void updateUi()
     {
-        CARLA_SAFE_ASSERT_RETURN(fUi.handle != nullptr,);
-        CARLA_SAFE_ASSERT_RETURN(fUi.descriptor != nullptr,);
+        CARLA_SAFE_ASSERT_RETURN(fUI.handle != nullptr,);
+        CARLA_SAFE_ASSERT_RETURN(fUI.descriptor != nullptr,);
         carla_debug("Lv2Plugin::updateUi()");
 
         // update midi program
         if (fExt.uiprograms != nullptr && pData->midiprog.count > 0 && pData->midiprog.current >= 0)
         {
             const MidiProgramData& curData(pData->midiprog.getCurrent());
-            fExt.uiprograms->select_program(fUi.handle, curData.bank, curData.program);
+            fExt.uiprograms->select_program(fUI.handle, curData.bank, curData.program);
         }
 
         // update control ports
-        if (fUi.descriptor->port_event != nullptr)
+        if (fUI.descriptor->port_event != nullptr)
         {
             float value;
             for (uint32_t i=0; i < pData->param.count; ++i)
             {
                 value = getParameterValue(i);
-                fUi.descriptor->port_event(fUi.handle, static_cast<uint32_t>(pData->param.data[i].rindex), sizeof(float), CARLA_URI_MAP_ID_NULL, &value);
+                fUI.descriptor->port_event(fUI.handle, static_cast<uint32_t>(pData->param.data[i].rindex), sizeof(float), CARLA_URI_MAP_ID_NULL, &value);
             }
         }
     }
@@ -4035,7 +4050,7 @@ public:
 
         fCustomURIDs.append(carla_strdup(uri));
 
-        if (fUi.type == UI::TYPE_OSC && pData->osc.data.target != nullptr)
+        if (fUI.type == UI::TYPE_OSC && pData->osc.data.target != nullptr)
             osc_send_lv2_urid_map(pData->osc.data, urid, uri);
 
         return urid;
@@ -4241,30 +4256,30 @@ public:
 
     void handleExternalUIClosed()
     {
-        CARLA_SAFE_ASSERT_RETURN(fUi.type == UI::TYPE_EXTERNAL,);
+        CARLA_SAFE_ASSERT_RETURN(fUI.type == UI::TYPE_EXTERNAL,);
         carla_debug("Lv2Plugin::handleExternalUIClosed()");
 
-        if (fUi.handle != nullptr && fUi.descriptor != nullptr && fUi.descriptor->cleanup != nullptr)
-            fUi.descriptor->cleanup(fUi.handle);
+        if (fUI.handle != nullptr && fUI.descriptor != nullptr && fUI.descriptor->cleanup != nullptr)
+            fUI.descriptor->cleanup(fUI.handle);
 
-        fUi.handle = nullptr;
-        fUi.widget = nullptr;
+        fUI.handle = nullptr;
+        fUI.widget = nullptr;
         pData->engine->callback(ENGINE_CALLBACK_UI_STATE_CHANGED, pData->id, 0, 0, 0.0f, nullptr);
     }
 
     void handlePluginUIClosed() override
     {
-        CARLA_SAFE_ASSERT_RETURN(fUi.type == UI::TYPE_EMBED,);
-        CARLA_SAFE_ASSERT_RETURN(fUi.window != nullptr,);
+        CARLA_SAFE_ASSERT_RETURN(fUI.type == UI::TYPE_EMBED,);
+        CARLA_SAFE_ASSERT_RETURN(fUI.window != nullptr,);
         carla_debug("Lv2Plugin::handlePluginUIClosed()");
 
-        fUi.window->hide();
+        fUI.window->hide();
 
-        if (fUi.handle != nullptr && fUi.descriptor != nullptr && fUi.descriptor->cleanup != nullptr)
-            fUi.descriptor->cleanup(fUi.handle);
+        if (fUI.handle != nullptr && fUI.descriptor != nullptr && fUI.descriptor->cleanup != nullptr)
+            fUI.descriptor->cleanup(fUI.handle);
 
-        fUi.handle = nullptr;
-        fUi.widget = nullptr;
+        fUI.handle = nullptr;
+        fUI.widget = nullptr;
         pData->engine->callback(ENGINE_CALLBACK_UI_STATE_CHANGED, pData->id, 0, 0, 0.0f, nullptr);
     }
 
@@ -4286,12 +4301,12 @@ public:
 
     int handleUIResize(const int width, const int height)
     {
-        CARLA_SAFE_ASSERT_RETURN(fUi.window != nullptr, 1);
+        CARLA_SAFE_ASSERT_RETURN(fUI.window != nullptr, 1);
         CARLA_SAFE_ASSERT_RETURN(width > 0, 1);
         CARLA_SAFE_ASSERT_RETURN(height > 0, 1);
         carla_debug("Lv2Plugin::handleUIResize(%i, %i)", width, height);
 
-        fUi.window->setSize(static_cast<uint>(width), static_cast<uint>(height), true);
+        fUI.window->setSize(static_cast<uint>(width), static_cast<uint>(height), true);
 
         return 0;
     }
@@ -4934,7 +4949,7 @@ public:
             }
         }
 
-        fUi.rdfDescriptor = &fRdfDescriptor->UIs[iFinal];
+        fUI.rdfDescriptor = &fRdfDescriptor->UIs[iFinal];
 
         // ---------------------------------------------------------------
         // check supported ui features
@@ -4942,32 +4957,32 @@ public:
         bool canContinue = true;
         bool canDelete = true;
 
-        for (uint32_t i=0; i < fUi.rdfDescriptor->FeatureCount; ++i)
+        for (uint32_t i=0; i < fUI.rdfDescriptor->FeatureCount; ++i)
         {
-            if (! is_lv2_ui_feature_supported(fUi.rdfDescriptor->Features[i].URI))
+            if (! is_lv2_ui_feature_supported(fUI.rdfDescriptor->Features[i].URI))
             {
-                carla_stderr("Plugin UI requires a feature that is not supported:\n%s", fUi.rdfDescriptor->Features[i].URI);
+                carla_stderr("Plugin UI requires a feature that is not supported:\n%s", fUI.rdfDescriptor->Features[i].URI);
 
-                if (LV2_IS_FEATURE_REQUIRED(fUi.rdfDescriptor->Features[i].Type))
+                if (LV2_IS_FEATURE_REQUIRED(fUI.rdfDescriptor->Features[i].Type))
                 {
                     canContinue = false;
                     break;
                 }
             }
-            if (std::strcmp(fUi.rdfDescriptor->Features[i].URI, LV2_UI__makeResident) == 0)
+            if (std::strcmp(fUI.rdfDescriptor->Features[i].URI, LV2_UI__makeResident) == 0)
                 canDelete = false;
         }
 
         if (! canContinue)
         {
-            fUi.rdfDescriptor = nullptr;
+            fUI.rdfDescriptor = nullptr;
             return;
         }
 
         // ---------------------------------------------------------------
         // initialize ui according to type
 
-        const LV2_Property uiType(fUi.rdfDescriptor->Type);
+        const LV2_Property uiType(fUI.rdfDescriptor->Type);
 
         if (iFinal == eQt4 || iFinal == eQt5 || iFinal == eGtk2 || iFinal == eGtk3 || iFinal == eCocoa || iFinal == eWindows || iFinal == eX11 || iFinal == eExt)
         {
@@ -4977,8 +4992,8 @@ public:
             if (const char* const bridgeBinary = getUiBridgeBinary(uiType))
             {
                 carla_stdout("Will use OSC-Bridge UI, binary: \"%s\"", bridgeBinary);
-                fUi.type = UI::TYPE_OSC;
-                pData->osc.thread.setOscData(bridgeBinary, fDescriptor->URI, fUi.rdfDescriptor->URI);
+                fUI.type = UI::TYPE_OSC;
+                pData->osc.thread.setOscData(bridgeBinary, fDescriptor->URI, fUI.rdfDescriptor->URI);
                 delete[] bridgeBinary;
                 return;
             }
@@ -4986,24 +5001,24 @@ public:
             if (iFinal == eQt4 || iFinal == eQt5 || iFinal == eGtk2 || iFinal == eGtk3)
             {
                 carla_stderr2("Failed to find UI bridge binary, cannot use UI");
-                fUi.rdfDescriptor = nullptr;
+                fUI.rdfDescriptor = nullptr;
                 return;
             }
         }
 
 #ifdef LV2_UIS_ONLY_BRIDGES
         carla_stderr2("Failed to get an UI working, canBridge:%s", bool2str(isUiBridgeable(static_cast<uint32_t>(iFinal))));
-        fUi.rdfDescriptor = nullptr;
+        fUI.rdfDescriptor = nullptr;
         return;
 #endif
 
         // ---------------------------------------------------------------
         // open UI DLL
 
-        if (! pData->uiLibOpen(fUi.rdfDescriptor->Binary, canDelete))
+        if (! pData->uiLibOpen(fUI.rdfDescriptor->Binary, canDelete))
         {
-            carla_stderr2("Could not load UI library, error was:\n%s", pData->libError(fUi.rdfDescriptor->Binary));
-            fUi.rdfDescriptor = nullptr;
+            carla_stderr2("Could not load UI library, error was:\n%s", pData->libError(fUI.rdfDescriptor->Binary));
+            fUI.rdfDescriptor = nullptr;
             return;
         }
 
@@ -5016,7 +5031,7 @@ public:
         {
             carla_stderr2("Could not find the LV2UI Descriptor in the UI library");
             pData->uiLibClose();
-            fUi.rdfDescriptor = nullptr;
+            fUI.rdfDescriptor = nullptr;
             return;
         }
 
@@ -5024,17 +5039,17 @@ public:
         // get UI descriptor that matches UI URI
 
         uint32_t i = 0;
-        while ((fUi.descriptor = uiDescFn(i++)))
+        while ((fUI.descriptor = uiDescFn(i++)))
         {
-            if (std::strcmp(fUi.descriptor->URI, fUi.rdfDescriptor->URI) == 0)
+            if (std::strcmp(fUI.descriptor->URI, fUI.rdfDescriptor->URI) == 0)
                 break;
         }
 
-        if (fUi.descriptor == nullptr)
+        if (fUI.descriptor == nullptr)
         {
             carla_stderr2("Could not find the requested GUI in the plugin UI library");
             pData->uiLibClose();
-            fUi.rdfDescriptor = nullptr;
+            fUI.rdfDescriptor = nullptr;
             return;
         }
 
@@ -5045,30 +5060,30 @@ public:
         {
         case LV2_UI_QT4:
             carla_stdout("Will use LV2 Qt4 UI, NOT!");
-            fUi.type = UI::TYPE_EMBED;
+            fUI.type = UI::TYPE_EMBED;
             break;
         case LV2_UI_QT5:
             carla_stdout("Will use LV2 Qt5 UI, NOT!");
-            fUi.type = UI::TYPE_EMBED;
+            fUI.type = UI::TYPE_EMBED;
             break;
         case LV2_UI_GTK2:
             carla_stdout("Will use LV2 Gtk2 UI, NOT!");
-            fUi.type = UI::TYPE_EMBED;
+            fUI.type = UI::TYPE_EMBED;
             break;
         case LV2_UI_GTK3:
             carla_stdout("Will use LV2 Gtk3 UI, NOT!");
-            fUi.type = UI::TYPE_EMBED;
+            fUI.type = UI::TYPE_EMBED;
             break;
 #ifdef CARLA_OS_MAC
         case LV2_UI_COCOA:
             carla_stdout("Will use LV2 Cocoa UI");
-            fUi.type = UI::TYPE_EMBED;
+            fUI.type = UI::TYPE_EMBED;
             break;
 #endif
 #ifdef CARLA_OS_WIN
         case LV2_UI_WINDOWS:
             carla_stdout("Will use LV2 Windows UI");
-            fUi.type = UI::TYPE_EMBED;
+            fUI.type = UI::TYPE_EMBED;
             break;
 #endif
         case LV2_UI_X11:
@@ -5077,20 +5092,20 @@ public:
 #else
             carla_stdout("Will use LV2 X11 UI, NOT!");
 #endif
-            fUi.type = UI::TYPE_EMBED;
+            fUI.type = UI::TYPE_EMBED;
             break;
         case LV2_UI_EXTERNAL:
         case LV2_UI_OLD_EXTERNAL:
             carla_stdout("Will use LV2 External UI");
-            fUi.type = UI::TYPE_EXTERNAL;
+            fUI.type = UI::TYPE_EXTERNAL;
             break;
         }
 
-        if (fUi.type == UI::TYPE_NULL)
+        if (fUI.type == UI::TYPE_NULL)
         {
             pData->uiLibClose();
-            fUi.descriptor = nullptr;
-            fUi.rdfDescriptor = nullptr;
+            fUI.descriptor = nullptr;
+            fUI.rdfDescriptor = nullptr;
             return;
         }
 
@@ -5170,12 +5185,12 @@ public:
         // ---------------------------------------------------------------
         // initialize ui extensions
 
-        if (fUi.descriptor->extension_data == nullptr)
+        if (fUI.descriptor->extension_data == nullptr)
             return;
 
-        fExt.uiidle     = (const LV2UI_Idle_Interface*)fUi.descriptor->extension_data(LV2_UI__idleInterface);
-        fExt.uishow     = (const LV2UI_Show_Interface*)fUi.descriptor->extension_data(LV2_UI__showInterface);
-        fExt.uiprograms = (const LV2_Programs_UI_Interface*)fUi.descriptor->extension_data(LV2_PROGRAMS__UIInterface);
+        fExt.uiidle     = (const LV2UI_Idle_Interface*)fUI.descriptor->extension_data(LV2_UI__idleInterface);
+        fExt.uishow     = (const LV2UI_Show_Interface*)fUI.descriptor->extension_data(LV2_UI__showInterface);
+        fExt.uiprograms = (const LV2_Programs_UI_Interface*)fUI.descriptor->extension_data(LV2_PROGRAMS__UIInterface);
 
         // check if invalid
         if (fExt.uiidle != nullptr && fExt.uiidle->idle == nullptr)
@@ -5274,6 +5289,8 @@ private:
               uiidle(nullptr),
               uishow(nullptr),
               uiprograms(nullptr) {}
+
+        CARLA_DECLARE_NON_COPY_STRUCT(Extensions);
     } fExt;
 
     struct UI {
@@ -5308,7 +5325,9 @@ private:
             CARLA_ASSERT(rdfDescriptor == nullptr);
             CARLA_ASSERT(window == nullptr);
         }
-    } fUi;
+
+        CARLA_DECLARE_NON_COPY_STRUCT(UI);
+    } fUI;
 
     // -------------------------------------------------------------------
     // Event Feature
diff --git a/source/backend/plugin/NativePlugin.cpp b/source/backend/plugin/NativePlugin.cpp
index d89148f7a..f9ef92edb 100644
--- a/source/backend/plugin/NativePlugin.cpp
+++ b/source/backend/plugin/NativePlugin.cpp
@@ -138,12 +138,17 @@ public:
         : CarlaPlugin(engine, id),
           fHandle(nullptr),
           fHandle2(nullptr),
+          fHost(),
           fDescriptor(nullptr),
           fIsProcessing(false),
           fIsUiVisible(false),
           fAudioInBuffers(nullptr),
           fAudioOutBuffers(nullptr),
-          fMidiEventCount(0)
+          fMidiEventCount(0),
+          fMidiIn(),
+          fMidiOut(),
+          fTimeInfo(),
+          leakDetector_NativePlugin()
     {
         carla_debug("NativePlugin::NativePlugin(%p, %i)", engine, id);
 
diff --git a/source/backend/plugin/VstPlugin.cpp b/source/backend/plugin/VstPlugin.cpp
index 7c0f25bf5..5c50170dd 100644
--- a/source/backend/plugin/VstPlugin.cpp
+++ b/source/backend/plugin/VstPlugin.cpp
@@ -58,10 +58,19 @@ public:
           fUnique1(1),
           fEffect(nullptr),
           fMidiEventCount(0),
+          fTimeInfo(),
           fNeedIdle(false),
           fLastChunk(nullptr),
           fIsProcessing(false),
-          fUnique2(2)
+#ifdef PTW32_DLLPORT
+          fProcThread({nullptr, 0}),
+#else
+          fProcThread(0),
+#endif
+          fEvents(),
+          fUI(),
+          fUnique2(2),
+          leakDetector_VstPlugin()
     {
         carla_debug("VstPlugin::VstPlugin(%p, %i)", engine, id);
 
@@ -94,7 +103,7 @@ public:
         {
             showCustomUI(false);
 
-            if (fUi.type == UI::UI_OSC)
+            if (fUI.type == UI::UI_OSC)
                 pData->osc.thread.stopThread(static_cast<int>(pData->engine->getOptions().uiBridgesTimeout * 2));
         }
 
@@ -305,11 +314,11 @@ public:
     {
         CarlaPlugin::setName(newName);
 
-        if (fUi.window != nullptr)
+        if (fUI.window != nullptr)
         {
             CarlaString guiTitle(pData->name);
             guiTitle += " (GUI)";
-            fUi.window->setTitle(guiTitle.buffer());
+            fUI.window->setTitle(guiTitle.buffer());
         }
     }
 
@@ -391,7 +400,7 @@ public:
 
     void showCustomUI(const bool yesNo) override
     {
-        if (fUi.type == UI::UI_OSC)
+        if (fUI.type == UI::UI_OSC)
         {
             if (yesNo)
             {
@@ -414,7 +423,7 @@ public:
             return;
         }
 
-        if (fUi.isVisible == yesNo)
+        if (fUI.isVisible == yesNo)
             return;
 
         if (yesNo)
@@ -426,47 +435,47 @@ public:
             void*    vstPtr = nullptr;
             ERect*  vstRect = nullptr;
 
-            if (fUi.window == nullptr && fUi.type == UI::UI_EMBED)
+            if (fUI.window == nullptr && fUI.type == UI::UI_EMBED)
             {
                 const char* msg = nullptr;
                 const uintptr_t frontendWinId(pData->engine->getOptions().frontendWinId);
 
 #if defined(CARLA_OS_LINUX)
 # ifdef HAVE_X11
-                fUi.window = CarlaPluginUI::newX11(this, frontendWinId);
+                fUI.window = CarlaPluginUI::newX11(this, frontendWinId);
 # else
                 msg = "UI is only for systems with X11";
 # endif
 #elif defined(CARLA_OS_MAC)
 # ifdef __LP64__
-                fUi.window = CarlaPluginUI::newCocoa(this, frontendWinId);
+                fUI.window = CarlaPluginUI::newCocoa(this, frontendWinId);
 # endif
 #elif defined(CARLA_OS_WIN)
-                fUi.window = CarlaPluginUI::newWindows(this, frontendWinId);
+                fUI.window = CarlaPluginUI::newWindows(this, frontendWinId);
 #else
                 msg = "Unknown UI type";
 #endif
 
-                if (fUi.window == nullptr)
+                if (fUI.window == nullptr)
                     return pData->engine->callback(ENGINE_CALLBACK_UI_STATE_CHANGED, pData->id, -1, 0, 0.0f, msg);
 
-                fUi.window->setTitle(uiTitle.buffer());
+                fUI.window->setTitle(uiTitle.buffer());
             }
 
-            if (fUi.type == UI::UI_EMBED)
-                vstPtr = fUi.window->getPtr();
+            if (fUI.type == UI::UI_EMBED)
+                vstPtr = fUI.window->getPtr();
             else
                 vstPtr = const_cast<char*>(uiTitle.buffer());
 
             dispatcher(effEditGetRect, 0, 0, &vstRect, 0.0f);
 
 #ifdef HAVE_X11
-            value = (intptr_t)fUi.window->getDisplay();
+            value = (intptr_t)fUI.window->getDisplay();
 #endif
 
             if (dispatcher(effEditOpen, 0, value, vstPtr, 0.0f) != 0)
             {
-                if (fUi.type == UI::UI_EMBED)
+                if (fUI.type == UI::UI_EMBED)
                 {
                     if (vstRect == nullptr || vstRect->right - vstRect->left < 2)
                         dispatcher(effEditGetRect, 0, 0, &vstRect, 0.0f);
@@ -479,10 +488,10 @@ public:
                         CARLA_SAFE_ASSERT_INT2(width > 1 && height > 1, width, height);
 
                         if (width > 1 && height > 1)
-                            fUi.window->setSize(static_cast<uint>(width), static_cast<uint>(height), false);
+                            fUI.window->setSize(static_cast<uint>(width), static_cast<uint>(height), false);
                     }
 
-                    fUi.window->show();
+                    fUI.window->show();
                 }
                 else
                 {
@@ -490,14 +499,14 @@ public:
                         pData->transientTryCounter = 1;
                 }
 
-                fUi.isVisible = true;
+                fUI.isVisible = true;
             }
             else
             {
-                if (fUi.type == UI::UI_EMBED)
+                if (fUI.type == UI::UI_EMBED)
                 {
-                    delete fUi.window;
-                    fUi.window = nullptr;
+                    delete fUI.window;
+                    fUI.window = nullptr;
                 }
 
                 return pData->engine->callback(ENGINE_CALLBACK_UI_STATE_CHANGED, pData->id, -1, 0, 0.0f, "Plugin refused to open its own UI");
@@ -505,12 +514,12 @@ public:
         }
         else
         {
-            fUi.isVisible = false;
+            fUI.isVisible = false;
 
-            if (fUi.type == UI::UI_EMBED)
+            if (fUI.type == UI::UI_EMBED)
             {
-                CARLA_SAFE_ASSERT_RETURN(fUi.window != nullptr,);
-                fUi.window->hide();
+                CARLA_SAFE_ASSERT_RETURN(fUI.window != nullptr,);
+                fUI.window->hide();
             }
             else
             {
@@ -526,11 +535,11 @@ public:
         if (fNeedIdle)
             dispatcher(effIdle, 0, 0, nullptr, 0.0f);
 
-        if (fUi.window != nullptr)
+        if (fUI.window != nullptr)
         {
-            fUi.window->idle();
+            fUI.window->idle();
 
-            if (fUi.isVisible)
+            if (fUI.isVisible)
                 dispatcher(effEditIdle, 0, 0, nullptr, 0.0f);
         }
 
@@ -839,7 +848,7 @@ public:
         {
             pData->hints |= PLUGIN_HAS_CUSTOM_UI;
 
-            if (fUi.type == UI::UI_EMBED)
+            if (fUI.type == UI::UI_EMBED)
                 pData->hints |= PLUGIN_NEEDS_SINGLE_THREAD;
         }
 
@@ -1697,7 +1706,7 @@ public:
     {
         CARLA_SAFE_ASSERT_RETURN(index < pData->param.count,);
 
-        if (fUi.type != UI::UI_OSC)
+        if (fUI.type != UI::UI_OSC)
             return;
         if (pData->osc.data.target == nullptr)
             return;
@@ -1709,7 +1718,7 @@ public:
     {
         CARLA_SAFE_ASSERT_RETURN(index < pData->prog.count,);
 
-        if (fUi.type != UI::UI_OSC)
+        if (fUI.type != UI::UI_OSC)
             return;
         if (pData->osc.data.target == nullptr)
             return;
@@ -1723,7 +1732,7 @@ public:
         CARLA_SAFE_ASSERT_RETURN(note < MAX_MIDI_NOTE,);
         CARLA_SAFE_ASSERT_RETURN(velo > 0 && velo < MAX_MIDI_VALUE,);
 
-        if (fUi.type != UI::UI_OSC)
+        if (fUI.type != UI::UI_OSC)
             return;
         if (pData->osc.data.target == nullptr)
             return;
@@ -1742,7 +1751,7 @@ public:
         CARLA_SAFE_ASSERT_RETURN(channel < MAX_MIDI_CHANNELS,);
         CARLA_SAFE_ASSERT_RETURN(note < MAX_MIDI_NOTE,);
 
-        if (fUi.type != UI::UI_OSC)
+        if (fUI.type != UI::UI_OSC)
             return;
         if (pData->osc.data.target == nullptr)
             return;
@@ -1761,8 +1770,8 @@ public:
 protected:
     void handlePluginUIClosed() override
     {
-        CARLA_SAFE_ASSERT_RETURN(fUi.type == UI::UI_EMBED || fUi.type == UI::UI_EXTERNAL,);
-        CARLA_SAFE_ASSERT_RETURN(fUi.window != nullptr,);
+        CARLA_SAFE_ASSERT_RETURN(fUI.type == UI::UI_EMBED || fUI.type == UI::UI_EXTERNAL,);
+        CARLA_SAFE_ASSERT_RETURN(fUI.window != nullptr,);
         carla_debug("VstPlugin::handlePluginUIClosed()");
 
         showCustomUI(false);
@@ -1813,7 +1822,7 @@ protected:
                 pData->postponeRtEvent(kPluginPostRtEventParameterChange, index, 0, fixedValue);
             }
             // Called from UI
-            else if (fUi.isVisible)
+            else if (fUI.isVisible)
             {
                 CarlaPlugin::setParameterValue(uindex, fixedValue, false, true, true);
             }
@@ -1961,10 +1970,10 @@ protected:
 #endif
 
         case audioMasterSizeWindow:
-            CARLA_SAFE_ASSERT_BREAK(fUi.window != nullptr);
+            CARLA_SAFE_ASSERT_BREAK(fUI.window != nullptr);
             CARLA_SAFE_ASSERT_BREAK(index > 0);
             CARLA_SAFE_ASSERT_BREAK(value > 0);
-            fUi.window->setSize(static_cast<uint>(index), static_cast<uint>(value), true);
+            fUI.window->setSize(static_cast<uint>(index), static_cast<uint>(value), true);
             ret = 1;
             break;
 
@@ -2041,7 +2050,7 @@ protected:
         case audioMasterVendorSpecific:
             if (index == 0xedcd && value == 0 && ptr != nullptr && std::strcmp((const char*)ptr, "EditorClosed") == 0)
             {
-                CARLA_SAFE_ASSERT_BREAK(fUi.type == UI::UI_EXTERNAL);
+                CARLA_SAFE_ASSERT_BREAK(fUI.type == UI::UI_EXTERNAL);
                 handlePluginUIClosed();
                 break;
             }
@@ -2068,7 +2077,7 @@ protected:
 
         case audioMasterUpdateDisplay:
             // Idle UI if visible
-            if (fUi.isVisible)
+            if (fUI.isVisible)
                 dispatcher(effEditIdle, 0, 0, nullptr, 0.0f);
 
             // Update current program
@@ -2249,7 +2258,7 @@ public:
 
             if (strBuf[0] != '\0')
                 pData->name = pData->engine->getUniquePluginName(strBuf);
-            else if (const char* const shortname = std::strrchr(filename, OS_SEP))
+            else if (const char* const shortname = std::strrchr(filename, CARLA_OS_SEP))
                 pData->name = pData->engine->getUniquePluginName(shortname+1);
             else
                 pData->name = pData->engine->getUniquePluginName("unknown");
@@ -2289,26 +2298,26 @@ public:
 
         if (fEffect->flags & effFlagsHasEditor)
         {
-            fUi.type = UI::UI_EMBED;
+            fUI.type = UI::UI_EMBED;
 
             if ((fEffect->flags & effFlagsProgramChunks) == 0 && pData->engine->getOptions().preferUiBridges)
             {
                 CarlaString bridgeBinary(pData->engine->getOptions().binaryDir);
 
 #if defined(CARLA_OS_LINUX)
-                bridgeBinary += OS_SEP_STR "carla-bridge-vst-x11";
+                bridgeBinary += CARLA_OS_SEP_STR "carla-bridge-vst-x11";
 #endif
 
                 if (bridgeBinary.isNotEmpty() && File(bridgeBinary.buffer()).existsAsFile())
                 {
                     pData->osc.thread.setOscData(bridgeBinary, nullptr);
-                    fUi.type = UI::UI_OSC;
+                    fUI.type = UI::UI_OSC;
                 }
             }
         }
         else if (vstPluginCanDo(fEffect, "ExternalUI"))
         {
-            fUi.type = UI::UI_EXTERNAL;
+            fUI.type = UI::UI_EXTERNAL;
         }
 
         // ---------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -2361,6 +2370,8 @@ private:
         {
             carla_fill<VstEvent*>(data, nullptr, kPluginMaxMidiEvents*2);
         }
+
+        CARLA_DECLARE_NON_COPY_STRUCT(FixedVstEvents);
     } fEvents;
 
     struct UI {
@@ -2389,9 +2400,11 @@ private:
                 window = nullptr;
             }
         }
-    } fUi;
 
-    int  fUnique2;
+        CARLA_DECLARE_NON_COPY_STRUCT(UI);
+    } fUI;
+
+    int fUnique2;
 
     static VstPlugin* sLastVstPlugin;
 
diff --git a/source/bridges-plugin/CarlaBridgePlugin.cpp b/source/bridges-plugin/CarlaBridgePlugin.cpp
index 236adc322..a3e2969a3 100644
--- a/source/bridges-plugin/CarlaBridgePlugin.cpp
+++ b/source/bridges-plugin/CarlaBridgePlugin.cpp
@@ -171,7 +171,11 @@ class CarlaBridgePlugin
 public:
     CarlaBridgePlugin(const bool useBridge, const char* const clientName, const char* const audioPoolBaseName, const char* const rtBaseName, const char* const nonRtBaseName)
         : fEngine(nullptr),
-          fOscServerThread(nullptr)
+          fProjFilename(),
+          fOscControlData(),
+          fOscServerPath(),
+          fOscServerThread(nullptr),
+          leakDetector_CarlaBridgePlugin()
     {
         CARLA_ASSERT(clientName != nullptr && clientName[0] != '\0');
         carla_debug("CarlaBridgePlugin::CarlaBridgePlugin(%s, \"%s\", %s, %s, %s)", bool2str(useBridge), clientName, audioPoolBaseName, rtBaseName, nonRtBaseName);
@@ -360,6 +364,8 @@ private:
     {
         carla_stderr("CarlaBridgePlugin::osc_error_handler(%i, \"%s\", \"%s\")", num, msg, path);
     }
+
+    CARLA_DECLARE_NON_COPYABLE_WITH_LEAK_DETECTOR(CarlaBridgePlugin)
 };
 
 // -------------------------------------------------------------------------
diff --git a/source/discovery/carla-discovery.cpp b/source/discovery/carla-discovery.cpp
index aad8335a0..e79456a49 100644
--- a/source/discovery/carla-discovery.cpp
+++ b/source/discovery/carla-discovery.cpp
@@ -944,8 +944,8 @@ static void do_lv2_check(const char* const bundle, const bool init)
     CarlaString sBundle("file://");
     sBundle += bundle;
 
-    if (! sBundle.endsWith(OS_SEP))
-        sBundle += OS_SEP_STR;
+    if (! sBundle.endsWith(CARLA_OS_SEP))
+        sBundle += CARLA_OS_SEP_STR;
 
     // Load bundle
     lv2World.load_bundle(sBundle);
@@ -1508,7 +1508,7 @@ static void do_fluidsynth_check(const char* const filename, const bool init)
 
     CarlaString name;
 
-    if (const char* const shortname = std::strrchr(filename, OS_SEP))
+    if (const char* const shortname = std::strrchr(filename, CARLA_OS_SEP))
         name = shortname+1;
     else
         name = filename;
diff --git a/source/includes/CarlaDefines.h b/source/includes/CarlaDefines.h
index d1cfcab26..0e930713d 100644
--- a/source/includes/CarlaDefines.h
+++ b/source/includes/CarlaDefines.h
@@ -238,7 +238,7 @@ private:                                        \
 # endif
 #endif
 
-/* Define OS_SEP */
+/* Define CARLA_OS_SEP */
 #ifdef CARLA_OS_WIN
 # define CARLA_OS_SEP     '\\'
 # define CARLA_OS_SEP_STR "\\"
diff --git a/source/modules/jackbridge/JackBridge1.cpp b/source/modules/jackbridge/JackBridge1.cpp
index 722891b0e..1977b81fa 100644
--- a/source/modules/jackbridge/JackBridge1.cpp
+++ b/source/modules/jackbridge/JackBridge1.cpp
@@ -482,6 +482,8 @@ struct JackBridge {
             lib = nullptr;
         }
     }
+
+    CARLA_DECLARE_NON_COPY_STRUCT(JackBridge);
 };
 
 static const JackBridge bridge;
diff --git a/source/modules/lilv/lilv-0.18.0/lilv/lilvmm.hpp b/source/modules/lilv/lilv-0.18.0/lilv/lilvmm.hpp
index 734444ade..d951d3bb8 100644
--- a/source/modules/lilv/lilv-0.18.0/lilv/lilvmm.hpp
+++ b/source/modules/lilv/lilv-0.18.0/lilv/lilvmm.hpp
@@ -17,6 +17,8 @@
 #ifndef LILV_LILVMM_HPP
 #define LILV_LILVMM_HPP
 
+#include "CarlaDefines.h"
+
 #include "lilv/lilv.h"
 
 #if __GNUC__ > 3 || (__GNUC__ == 3 && __GNUC_MINOR__ >= 1)
@@ -97,6 +99,12 @@ struct Node {
 	LILV_WRAP0_CONST(bool,        node, is_bool);
 	LILV_WRAP0_CONST(bool,        node, as_bool);
 
+	Node& operator=(const Node& copy) {
+		lilv_node_free(me);
+		me = lilv_node_duplicate(copy.me);
+		return *this;
+	}
+
 	LilvNode* me;
 };
 
@@ -265,15 +273,13 @@ struct Instance {
 	inline Instance(LilvInstance* instance) : me(instance) {}
 
 	LILV_DEPRECATED
-	inline Instance(Plugin plugin, double sample_rate) {
-		me = lilv_plugin_instantiate(plugin, sample_rate, nullptr);
-	}
+	inline Instance(Plugin plugin, double sample_rate)
+		: me(lilv_plugin_instantiate(plugin, sample_rate, nullptr)) {}
 
 	LILV_DEPRECATED inline Instance(Plugin              plugin,
 	                                double              sample_rate,
-	                                LV2_Feature* const* features) {
-		me = lilv_plugin_instantiate(plugin, sample_rate, features);
-	}
+	                                LV2_Feature* const* features)
+		: me(lilv_plugin_instantiate(plugin, sample_rate, features)) {}
 
 	static inline Instance* create(Plugin              plugin,
 	                               double              sample_rate,
@@ -310,8 +316,8 @@ struct Instance {
 };
 
 struct World {
-	inline World() : me(lilv_world_new()) {}
-	inline ~World() { lilv_world_free(me); }
+	inline          World() : me(lilv_world_new()) {}
+	inline virtual ~World() { lilv_world_free(me); }
 
 	inline LilvNode* new_uri(const char* uri) const {
 		return lilv_new_uri(me, uri);
@@ -343,6 +349,8 @@ struct World {
 	LILV_WRAP1(int, world, load_resource, const LilvNode*, resource);
 
 	LilvWorld* me;
+
+	CARLA_DECLARE_NON_COPY_STRUCT(World)
 };
 
 } /* namespace Lilv */
diff --git a/source/modules/native-plugins/_all.c b/source/modules/native-plugins/_all.c
index 9541d7b3b..73fda0436 100644
--- a/source/modules/native-plugins/_all.c
+++ b/source/modules/native-plugins/_all.c
@@ -18,36 +18,38 @@
 #include "CarlaDefines.h"
 
 // Simple plugins
-extern void carla_register_native_plugin_bypass();
-extern void carla_register_native_plugin_lfo();
-extern void carla_register_native_plugin_midigain();
-extern void carla_register_native_plugin_midisplit();
-extern void carla_register_native_plugin_midithrough();
-extern void carla_register_native_plugin_miditranspose();
-extern void carla_register_native_plugin_nekofilter();
+extern void carla_register_native_plugin_bypass(void);
+extern void carla_register_native_plugin_lfo(void);
+extern void carla_register_native_plugin_midigain(void);
+extern void carla_register_native_plugin_midisplit(void);
+extern void carla_register_native_plugin_midithrough(void);
+extern void carla_register_native_plugin_miditranspose(void);
+extern void carla_register_native_plugin_nekofilter(void);
 
 // Audio File
-extern void carla_register_native_plugin_audiofile();
+extern void carla_register_native_plugin_audiofile(void);
 
 // MIDI File
-extern void carla_register_native_plugin_midifile();
+extern void carla_register_native_plugin_midifile(void);
 
 #ifndef CARLA_OS_WIN
 // Carla
-extern void carla_register_native_plugin_carla();
+extern void carla_register_native_plugin_carla(void);
 
 // External-UI plugins
-extern void carla_register_native_plugin_bigmeter();
-extern void carla_register_native_plugin_notes();
+extern void carla_register_native_plugin_bigmeter(void);
+extern void carla_register_native_plugin_notes(void);
 #endif
 
 #ifdef WANT_ZYNADDSUBFX
 // ZynAddSubFX
-extern void carla_register_native_plugin_zynaddsubfx_fx();
-extern void carla_register_native_plugin_zynaddsubfx_synth();
+extern void carla_register_native_plugin_zynaddsubfx_fx(void);
+extern void carla_register_native_plugin_zynaddsubfx_synth(void);
 #endif
 
-void carla_register_all_plugins()
+void carla_register_all_plugins(void);
+
+void carla_register_all_plugins(void)
 {
     // Simple plugins
     carla_register_native_plugin_bypass();
diff --git a/source/modules/native-plugins/bigmeter.cpp b/source/modules/native-plugins/bigmeter.cpp
index 5df499266..eb2c3365e 100644
--- a/source/modules/native-plugins/bigmeter.cpp
+++ b/source/modules/native-plugins/bigmeter.cpp
@@ -34,9 +34,8 @@ public:
         : NativePluginAndUiClass(host, "/bigmeter-ui"),
           fColor(1),
           fOutLeft(0.0f),
-          fOutRight(0.0f)
-    {
-    }
+          fOutRight(0.0f),
+          leakDetector_BigMeterPlugin() {}
 
 protected:
     // -------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -188,6 +187,9 @@ static const NativePluginDescriptor bigmeterDesc = {
 
 // -----------------------------------------------------------------------
 
+CARLA_EXPORT
+void carla_register_native_plugin_bigmeter();
+
 CARLA_EXPORT
 void carla_register_native_plugin_bigmeter()
 {
diff --git a/source/modules/native-plugins/bypass.c b/source/modules/native-plugins/bypass.c
index 11f6e7501..46075cb16 100644
--- a/source/modules/native-plugins/bypass.c
+++ b/source/modules/native-plugins/bypass.c
@@ -92,7 +92,9 @@ static const NativePluginDescriptor bypassDesc = {
 
 // -----------------------------------------------------------------------
 
-void carla_register_native_plugin_bypass()
+void carla_register_native_plugin_bypass(void);
+
+void carla_register_native_plugin_bypass(void)
 {
     carla_register_native_plugin(&bypassDesc);
 }
diff --git a/source/modules/native-plugins/lfo.c b/source/modules/native-plugins/lfo.c
index d849ef817..b0dce81c5 100644
--- a/source/modules/native-plugins/lfo.c
+++ b/source/modules/native-plugins/lfo.c
@@ -78,7 +78,7 @@ static uint32_t lfo_get_parameter_count(NativePluginHandle handle)
     (void)handle;
 }
 
-const NativeParameter* lfo_get_parameter_info(NativePluginHandle handle, uint32_t index)
+static const NativeParameter* lfo_get_parameter_info(NativePluginHandle handle, uint32_t index)
 {
     if (index > PARAM_COUNT)
         return NULL;
@@ -315,7 +315,9 @@ static const NativePluginDescriptor lfoDesc = {
 
 // -----------------------------------------------------------------------
 
-void carla_register_native_plugin_lfo()
+void carla_register_native_plugin_lfo(void);
+
+void carla_register_native_plugin_lfo(void)
 {
     carla_register_native_plugin(&lfoDesc);
 }
diff --git a/source/modules/native-plugins/midi-base.hpp b/source/modules/native-plugins/midi-base.hpp
index 722e47466..a0a68d1ed 100644
--- a/source/modules/native-plugins/midi-base.hpp
+++ b/source/modules/native-plugins/midi-base.hpp
@@ -52,7 +52,10 @@ class MidiPattern
 {
 public:
     MidiPattern(AbstractMidiPlayer* const player)
-        : kPlayer(player)
+        : kPlayer(player),
+          fMutex(),
+          fData(),
+          leakDetector_MidiPattern()
           //fStartTime(0),
           //fDuration(0)
     {
@@ -230,6 +233,8 @@ private:
         const CarlaMutexLocker sl(fMutex);
         fData.append(event);
     }
+
+    CARLA_DECLARE_NON_COPYABLE_WITH_LEAK_DETECTOR(MidiPattern)
 };
 
 #endif // MIDI_BASE_HPP_INCLUDED
diff --git a/source/modules/native-plugins/midi-file.cpp b/source/modules/native-plugins/midi-file.cpp
index d1a46d44a..ef890cf12 100644
--- a/source/modules/native-plugins/midi-file.cpp
+++ b/source/modules/native-plugins/midi-file.cpp
@@ -29,7 +29,8 @@ public:
     MidiFilePlugin(const NativeHostDescriptor* const host)
         : NativePluginClass(host),
           fMidiOut(this),
-          fWasPlayingBefore(false) {}
+          fWasPlayingBefore(false),
+          leakDetector_MidiFilePlugin() {}
 
 protected:
     // -------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -185,8 +186,9 @@ private:
                     continue;
 
                 const double time(midiMessage.getTimeStamp()*sampleRate);
+                CARLA_SAFE_ASSERT_CONTINUE(time >= 0.0);
 
-                fMidiOut.addRaw(time, midiMessage.getRawData(), static_cast<uint8_t>(dataSize));
+                fMidiOut.addRaw(static_cast<uint64_t>(time), midiMessage.getRawData(), static_cast<uint8_t>(dataSize));
             }
         }
     }
@@ -216,6 +218,9 @@ static const NativePluginDescriptor midifileDesc = {
 
 // -----------------------------------------------------------------------
 
+CARLA_EXPORT
+void carla_register_native_plugin_midifile();
+
 CARLA_EXPORT
 void carla_register_native_plugin_midifile()
 {
diff --git a/source/modules/native-plugins/midi-gain.c b/source/modules/native-plugins/midi-gain.c
index 637959cb0..876756686 100644
--- a/source/modules/native-plugins/midi-gain.c
+++ b/source/modules/native-plugins/midi-gain.c
@@ -71,7 +71,7 @@ static uint32_t midigain_get_parameter_count(NativePluginHandle handle)
     (void)handle;
 }
 
-const NativeParameter* midigain_get_parameter_info(NativePluginHandle handle, uint32_t index)
+static const NativeParameter* midigain_get_parameter_info(NativePluginHandle handle, uint32_t index)
 {
     if (index > PARAM_COUNT)
         return NULL;
@@ -263,7 +263,9 @@ static const NativePluginDescriptor midigainDesc = {
 
 // -----------------------------------------------------------------------
 
-void carla_register_native_plugin_midigain()
+void carla_register_native_plugin_midigain(void);
+
+void carla_register_native_plugin_midigain(void)
 {
     carla_register_native_plugin(&midigainDesc);
 }
diff --git a/source/modules/native-plugins/midi-sequencer.cpp b/source/modules/native-plugins/midi-sequencer.cpp
index fb4415641..39d24ef45 100644
--- a/source/modules/native-plugins/midi-sequencer.cpp
+++ b/source/modules/native-plugins/midi-sequencer.cpp
@@ -251,10 +251,13 @@ static const NativePluginDescriptor midisequencerDesc = {
 
 // -----------------------------------------------------------------------
 
+CARLA_EXPORT
+void carla_register_native_plugin_midisequencer();
+
 CARLA_EXPORT
 void carla_register_native_plugin_midisequencer()
 {
-    carla_register_native_plugin(&midiSequencerDesc);
+    carla_register_native_plugin(&midisequencerDesc);
 }
 
 // -----------------------------------------------------------------------
diff --git a/source/modules/native-plugins/midi-split.c b/source/modules/native-plugins/midi-split.c
index 8fc4474cb..692cec312 100644
--- a/source/modules/native-plugins/midi-split.c
+++ b/source/modules/native-plugins/midi-split.c
@@ -133,7 +133,9 @@ static const NativePluginDescriptor midisplitDesc = {
 
 // -----------------------------------------------------------------------
 
-void carla_register_native_plugin_midisplit()
+void carla_register_native_plugin_midisplit(void);
+
+void carla_register_native_plugin_midisplit(void)
 {
     carla_register_native_plugin(&midisplitDesc);
 }
diff --git a/source/modules/native-plugins/midi-through.c b/source/modules/native-plugins/midi-through.c
index 60b5f2099..0aae4e161 100644
--- a/source/modules/native-plugins/midi-through.c
+++ b/source/modules/native-plugins/midi-through.c
@@ -114,7 +114,9 @@ static const NativePluginDescriptor midithroughDesc = {
 
 // -----------------------------------------------------------------------
 
-void carla_register_native_plugin_midithrough()
+void carla_register_native_plugin_midithrough(void);
+
+void carla_register_native_plugin_midithrough(void)
 {
     carla_register_native_plugin(&midithroughDesc);
 }
diff --git a/source/modules/native-plugins/midi-transpose.c b/source/modules/native-plugins/midi-transpose.c
index c56ed71a7..585171d52 100644
--- a/source/modules/native-plugins/midi-transpose.c
+++ b/source/modules/native-plugins/midi-transpose.c
@@ -56,7 +56,7 @@ static uint32_t miditranspose_get_parameter_count(NativePluginHandle handle)
     (void)handle;
 }
 
-const NativeParameter* miditranspose_get_parameter_info(NativePluginHandle handle, uint32_t index)
+static const NativeParameter* miditranspose_get_parameter_info(NativePluginHandle handle, uint32_t index)
 {
     if (index != 0)
         return NULL;
@@ -192,7 +192,9 @@ static const NativePluginDescriptor miditransposeDesc = {
 
 // -----------------------------------------------------------------------
 
-void carla_register_native_plugin_miditranspose()
+void carla_register_native_plugin_miditranspose(void);
+
+void carla_register_native_plugin_miditranspose(void)
 {
     carla_register_native_plugin(&miditransposeDesc);
 }
diff --git a/source/modules/native-plugins/nekofilter.c b/source/modules/native-plugins/nekofilter.c
index ba6e73cbc..3f1cbc879 100644
--- a/source/modules/native-plugins/nekofilter.c
+++ b/source/modules/native-plugins/nekofilter.c
@@ -88,7 +88,9 @@ static const NativePluginDescriptor nekofilterDesc = {
 
 // -----------------------------------------------------------------------
 
-void carla_register_native_plugin_nekofilter()
+void carla_register_native_plugin_nekofilter(void);
+
+void carla_register_native_plugin_nekofilter(void)
 {
     carla_register_native_plugin(&nekofilterDesc);
 }
diff --git a/source/modules/native-plugins/notes.cpp b/source/modules/native-plugins/notes.cpp
index 5fb1d80f4..4e2373b55 100644
--- a/source/modules/native-plugins/notes.cpp
+++ b/source/modules/native-plugins/notes.cpp
@@ -30,9 +30,8 @@ class NotesPlugin : public NativePluginAndUiClass
 public:
     NotesPlugin(const NativeHostDescriptor* const host)
         : NativePluginAndUiClass(host, "/notes-ui"),
-          fCurPage(1)
-    {
-    }
+          fCurPage(1),
+          leakDetector_NotesPlugin() {}
 
 protected:
     // -------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -119,6 +118,9 @@ static const NativePluginDescriptor notesDesc = {
 
 // -----------------------------------------------------------------------
 
+CARLA_EXPORT
+void carla_register_native_plugin_notes();
+
 CARLA_EXPORT
 void carla_register_native_plugin_notes()
 {
diff --git a/source/modules/native-plugins/zynaddsubfx-fx.cpp b/source/modules/native-plugins/zynaddsubfx-fx.cpp
index be5d4fdf1..e8d125538 100644
--- a/source/modules/native-plugins/zynaddsubfx-fx.cpp
+++ b/source/modules/native-plugins/zynaddsubfx-fx.cpp
@@ -1443,6 +1443,9 @@ static const NativePluginDescriptor fxReverbDesc = {
 
 // -----------------------------------------------------------------------
 
+CARLA_EXPORT
+void carla_register_native_plugin_zynaddsubfx_fx();
+
 CARLA_EXPORT
 void carla_register_native_plugin_zynaddsubfx_fx()
 {
diff --git a/source/modules/native-plugins/zynaddsubfx-synth.cpp b/source/modules/native-plugins/zynaddsubfx-synth.cpp
index 4cd011551..a38a79d9a 100644
--- a/source/modules/native-plugins/zynaddsubfx-synth.cpp
+++ b/source/modules/native-plugins/zynaddsubfx-synth.cpp
@@ -842,6 +842,9 @@ static const NativePluginDescriptor zynaddsubfxDesc = {
 
 // -----------------------------------------------------------------------
 
+CARLA_EXPORT
+void carla_register_native_plugin_zynaddsubfx_synth();
+
 CARLA_EXPORT
 void carla_register_native_plugin_zynaddsubfx_synth()
 {
diff --git a/source/plugin/carla-native-base.cpp b/source/plugin/carla-native-base.cpp
index a6c40c5ce..39c2d7995 100644
--- a/source/plugin/carla-native-base.cpp
+++ b/source/plugin/carla-native-base.cpp
@@ -38,6 +38,13 @@ using CarlaBackend::CarlaPlugin;
 
 struct PluginListManager {
     PluginListManager()
+#ifdef CARLA_NATIVE_PLUGIN_DSSI
+        : dssiDescs(),
+#endif
+#ifdef CARLA_NATIVE_PLUGIN_LV2
+        : lv2Descs(),
+#endif
+          descs()
     {
         for (size_t i=0, count = CarlaPlugin::getNativePluginCount(); i < count; ++i)
         {
diff --git a/source/plugin/carla-native-lv2.cpp b/source/plugin/carla-native-lv2.cpp
index d714d9634..dea0a1661 100644
--- a/source/plugin/carla-native-lv2.cpp
+++ b/source/plugin/carla-native-lv2.cpp
@@ -1088,6 +1088,8 @@ private:
                 }
             }
         }
+
+        CARLA_DECLARE_NON_COPY_STRUCT(Ports);
     } fPorts;
 
     // -------------------------------------------------------------------
diff --git a/source/utils/CarlaShmUtils.hpp b/source/utils/CarlaShmUtils.hpp
index 535d8df12..d5674b879 100644
--- a/source/utils/CarlaShmUtils.hpp
+++ b/source/utils/CarlaShmUtils.hpp
@@ -22,10 +22,12 @@
 
 #ifdef CARLA_OS_WIN
 struct shm_t { HANDLE shm; HANDLE map; };
+# define shm_t_INIT {nullptr, nullptr}
 #else
 # include <fcntl.h>
 # include <sys/mman.h>
 struct shm_t { int fd; const char* filename; };
+# define shm_t_INIT {-1, nullptr}
 #endif
 
 // -----------------------------------------------------------------------
diff --git a/source/utils/Lv2AtomRingBuffer.hpp b/source/utils/Lv2AtomRingBuffer.hpp
index 307bc1c46..e42fc68cb 100644
--- a/source/utils/Lv2AtomRingBuffer.hpp
+++ b/source/utils/Lv2AtomRingBuffer.hpp
@@ -29,15 +29,16 @@ class Lv2AtomRingBuffer : public CarlaRingBuffer<HeapBuffer>
 {
 public:
     Lv2AtomRingBuffer() noexcept
-        : CarlaRingBuffer<HeapBuffer>(),
-          fNeedsDataDelete(true)
-    {
-        carla_zeroStruct(fHeapBuffer);
-    }
+        : fMutex(),
+          fHeapBuffer(HeapBuffer_INIT),
+          fNeedsDataDelete(true),
+          fRetAtom{{0,0}, {0}} {}
 
     Lv2AtomRingBuffer(Lv2AtomRingBuffer& ringBuf, uint8_t buf[]) noexcept
-        : CarlaRingBuffer<HeapBuffer>(),
-          fNeedsDataDelete(false)
+        : fMutex(),
+          fHeapBuffer(HeapBuffer_INIT),
+          fNeedsDataDelete(false),
+          fRetAtom{{0,0}, {0}}
     {
         fHeapBuffer.buf  = buf;
         fHeapBuffer.size = ringBuf.fHeapBuffer.size;
@@ -204,7 +205,7 @@ private:
 
     friend class Lv2AtomQueue;
 
-    CARLA_PREVENT_HEAP_ALLOCATION
+    CARLA_PREVENT_VIRTUAL_HEAP_ALLOCATION
     CARLA_DECLARE_NON_COPY_CLASS(Lv2AtomRingBuffer)
 };