Carla/source/modules/juce_audio_basics/midi/juce_MidiMessage.cpp

/*
  ==============================================================================

   This file is part of the JUCE library.
   Copyright (c) 2015 - ROLI Ltd.

   Permission is granted to use this software under the terms of either:
   a) the GPL v2 (or any later version)
   b) the Affero GPL v3

   Details of these licenses can be found at: www.gnu.org/licenses

   JUCE is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY
   WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR
   A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU General Public License for more details.

   ------------------------------------------------------------------------------

   To release a closed-source product which uses JUCE, commercial licenses are
   available: visit www.juce.com for more information.

  ==============================================================================
*/

namespace MidiHelpers
{
    inline uint8 initialByte (const int type, const int channel) noexcept
    {
        return (uint8) (type | jlimit (0, 15, channel - 1));
    }

    inline uint8 validVelocity (const int v) noexcept
    {
        return (uint8) jlimit (0, 127, v);
    }

    inline uint8 floatVelocityToByte (const float v) noexcept
    {
        return validVelocity (roundToInt (v * 127.0f));
    }
}

//==============================================================================
int MidiMessage::readVariableLengthVal (const uint8* data, int& numBytesUsed) noexcept
{
    numBytesUsed = 0;
    int v = 0, i;

    do
    {
        i = (int) *data++;

        if (++numBytesUsed > 6)
            break;

        v = (v << 7) + (i & 0x7f);

    } while (i & 0x80);

    return v;
}

int MidiMessage::getMessageLengthFromFirstByte (const uint8 firstByte) noexcept
{
    // this method only works for valid starting bytes of a short midi message
    jassert (firstByte >= 0x80 && firstByte != 0xf0 && firstByte != 0xf7);

    static const char messageLengths[] =
    {
        3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3,
        3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3,
        3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3,
        3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3,
        2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2,
        2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2,
        3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3,
        1, 2, 3, 2, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1
    };

    return messageLengths [firstByte & 0x7f];
}

//==============================================================================
MidiMessage::MidiMessage() noexcept
   : timeStamp (0), size (2)
{
    preallocatedData.asBytes[0] = 0xf0;
    preallocatedData.asBytes[1] = 0xf7;
}

MidiMessage::MidiMessage (const void* const d, const int dataSize, const double t)
   : timeStamp (t),
     size (dataSize)
{
    jassert (dataSize > 0);
    memcpy (allocateSpace (dataSize), d, (size_t) dataSize);

    // check that the length matches the data..
    jassert (size > 3 || *(uint8*)d >= 0xf0 || getMessageLengthFromFirstByte (*(uint8*)d) == size);
}

MidiMessage::MidiMessage (const int byte1, const double t) noexcept
   : timeStamp (t), size (1)
{
    preallocatedData.asBytes[0] = (uint8) byte1;

    // check that the length matches the data..
    jassert (byte1 >= 0xf0 || getMessageLengthFromFirstByte ((uint8) byte1) == 1);
}

MidiMessage::MidiMessage (const int byte1, const int byte2, const double t) noexcept
   : timeStamp (t), size (2)
{
    preallocatedData.asBytes[0] = (uint8) byte1;
    preallocatedData.asBytes[1] = (uint8) byte2;

    // check that the length matches the data..
    jassert (byte1 >= 0xf0 || getMessageLengthFromFirstByte ((uint8) byte1) == 2);
}

MidiMessage::MidiMessage (const int byte1, const int byte2, const int byte3, const double t) noexcept
   : timeStamp (t), size (3)
{
    preallocatedData.asBytes[0] = (uint8) byte1;
    preallocatedData.asBytes[1] = (uint8) byte2;
    preallocatedData.asBytes[2] = (uint8) byte3;

    // check that the length matches the data..
    jassert (byte1 >= 0xf0 || getMessageLengthFromFirstByte ((uint8) byte1) == 3);
}

MidiMessage::MidiMessage (const MidiMessage& other)
   : timeStamp (other.timeStamp), size (other.size)
{
    if (other.allocatedData != nullptr)
    {
        allocatedData.malloc ((size_t) size);
        memcpy (allocatedData, other.allocatedData, (size_t) size);
    }
    else
    {
        preallocatedData.asInt32 = other.preallocatedData.asInt32;
    }
}

MidiMessage::MidiMessage (const MidiMessage& other, const double newTimeStamp)
   : timeStamp (newTimeStamp), size (other.size)
{
    if (other.allocatedData != nullptr)
    {
        allocatedData.malloc ((size_t) size);
        memcpy (allocatedData, other.allocatedData, (size_t) size);
    }
    else
    {
        preallocatedData.asInt32 = other.preallocatedData.asInt32;
    }
}

MidiMessage::MidiMessage (const void* srcData, int sz, int& numBytesUsed, const uint8 lastStatusByte,
                          double t, bool sysexHasEmbeddedLength)
    : timeStamp (t)
{
    const uint8* src = static_cast<const uint8*> (srcData);
    unsigned int byte = (unsigned int) *src;

    if (byte < 0x80)
    {
        byte = (unsigned int) (uint8) lastStatusByte;
        numBytesUsed = -1;
    }
    else
    {
        numBytesUsed = 0;
        --sz;
        ++src;
    }

    if (byte >= 0x80)
    {
        if (byte == 0xf0)
        {
            const uint8* d = src;
            bool haveReadAllLengthBytes = ! sysexHasEmbeddedLength;
            int numVariableLengthSysexBytes = 0;

            while (d < src + sz)
            {
                if (*d >= 0x80)
                {
                    if (*d == 0xf7)
                    {
                        ++d;  // include the trailing 0xf7 when we hit it
                        break;
                    }

                    if (haveReadAllLengthBytes) // if we see a 0x80 bit set after the initial data length
                        break;                  // bytes, assume it's the end of the sysex

                    ++numVariableLengthSysexBytes;
                }
                else if (! haveReadAllLengthBytes)
                {
                    haveReadAllLengthBytes = true;
                    ++numVariableLengthSysexBytes;
                }

                ++d;
            }

            src += numVariableLengthSysexBytes;
            size = 1 + (int) (d - src);

            uint8* dest = allocateSpace (size);
            *dest = (uint8) byte;
            memcpy (dest + 1, src, (size_t) (size - 1));

            numBytesUsed += numVariableLengthSysexBytes;  // (these aren't counted in the size)
        }
        else if (byte == 0xff)
        {
            int n;
            const int bytesLeft = readVariableLengthVal (src + 1, n);
            size = jmin (sz + 1, n + 2 + bytesLeft);

            uint8* dest = allocateSpace (size);
            *dest = (uint8) byte;
            memcpy (dest + 1, src, (size_t) size - 1);
        }
        else
        {
            preallocatedData.asInt32 = 0;
            size = getMessageLengthFromFirstByte ((uint8) byte);
            preallocatedData.asBytes[0] = (uint8) byte;

            if (size > 1)
            {
                preallocatedData.asBytes[1] = src[0];

                if (size > 2)
                    preallocatedData.asBytes[2] = src[1];
            }
        }

        numBytesUsed += size;
    }
    else
    {
        preallocatedData.asInt32 = 0;
        size = 0;
    }
}

MidiMessage& MidiMessage::operator= (const MidiMessage& other)
{
    if (this != &other)
    {
        timeStamp = other.timeStamp;
        size = other.size;

        if (other.allocatedData != nullptr)
        {
            allocatedData.malloc ((size_t) size);
            memcpy (allocatedData, other.allocatedData, (size_t) size);
        }
        else
        {
            allocatedData.free();
            preallocatedData.asInt32 = other.preallocatedData.asInt32;
        }
    }

    return *this;
}

#if JUCE_COMPILER_SUPPORTS_MOVE_SEMANTICS
MidiMessage::MidiMessage (MidiMessage&& other) noexcept
   : timeStamp (other.timeStamp), size (other.size)
{
    if (other.allocatedData != nullptr)
        allocatedData.swapWith (other.allocatedData);
    else
        preallocatedData.asInt32 = other.preallocatedData.asInt32;
}

MidiMessage& MidiMessage::operator= (MidiMessage&& other) noexcept
{
    jassert (this != &other); // shouldn't be possible

    timeStamp = other.timeStamp;
    size = other.size;
    allocatedData.swapWith (other.allocatedData);
    preallocatedData.asInt32 = other.preallocatedData.asInt32;

    return *this;
}
#endif

MidiMessage::~MidiMessage() {}

uint8* MidiMessage::allocateSpace (int bytes)
{
    if (bytes > 4)
    {
        allocatedData.malloc ((size_t) bytes);
        return allocatedData;
    }

    return preallocatedData.asBytes;
}

int MidiMessage::getChannel() const noexcept
{
    const uint8* const data = getRawData();

    if ((data[0] & 0xf0) != 0xf0)
        return (data[0] & 0xf) + 1;

    return 0;
}

bool MidiMessage::isForChannel (const int channel) const noexcept
{
    jassert (channel > 0 && channel <= 16); // valid channels are numbered 1 to 16

    const uint8* const data = getRawData();

    return ((data[0] & 0xf) == channel - 1)
             && ((data[0] & 0xf0) != 0xf0);
}

void MidiMessage::setChannel (const int channel) noexcept
{
    jassert (channel > 0 && channel <= 16); // valid channels are numbered 1 to 16

    uint8* const data = getData();

    if ((data[0] & 0xf0) != (uint8) 0xf0)
        data[0] = (uint8) ((data[0] & (uint8) 0xf0)
                            | (uint8)(channel - 1));
}

bool MidiMessage::isNoteOn (const bool returnTrueForVelocity0) const noexcept
{
    const uint8* const data = getRawData();

    return ((data[0] & 0xf0) == 0x90)
             && (returnTrueForVelocity0 || data[2] != 0);
}

bool MidiMessage::isNoteOff (const bool returnTrueForNoteOnVelocity0) const noexcept
{
    const uint8* const data = getRawData();

    return ((data[0] & 0xf0) == 0x80)
            || (returnTrueForNoteOnVelocity0 && (data[2] == 0) && ((data[0] & 0xf0) == 0x90));
}

bool MidiMessage::isNoteOnOrOff() const noexcept
{
    const uint8* const data = getRawData();

    const int d = data[0] & 0xf0;
    return (d == 0x90) || (d == 0x80);
}

int MidiMessage::getNoteNumber() const noexcept
{
    return getRawData()[1];
}

void MidiMessage::setNoteNumber (const int newNoteNumber) noexcept
{
    if (isNoteOnOrOff() || isAftertouch())
        getData()[1] = (uint8) (newNoteNumber & 127);
}

uint8 MidiMessage::getVelocity() const noexcept
{
    if (isNoteOnOrOff())
        return getRawData()[2];

    return 0;
}

float MidiMessage::getFloatVelocity() const noexcept
{
    return getVelocity() * (1.0f / 127.0f);
}

void MidiMessage::setVelocity (const float newVelocity) noexcept
{
    if (isNoteOnOrOff())
        getData()[2] = MidiHelpers::floatVelocityToByte (newVelocity);
}

void MidiMessage::multiplyVelocity (const float scaleFactor) noexcept
{
    if (isNoteOnOrOff())
    {
        uint8* const data = getData();
        data[2] = MidiHelpers::validVelocity (roundToInt (scaleFactor * data[2]));
    }
}

bool MidiMessage::isAftertouch() const noexcept
{
    return (getRawData()[0] & 0xf0) == 0xa0;
}

int MidiMessage::getAfterTouchValue() const noexcept
{
    jassert (isAftertouch());
    return getRawData()[2];
}

MidiMessage MidiMessage::aftertouchChange (const int channel,
                                           const int noteNum,
                                           const int aftertouchValue) noexcept
{
    jassert (channel > 0 && channel <= 16); // valid channels are numbered 1 to 16
    jassert (isPositiveAndBelow (noteNum, (int) 128));
    jassert (isPositiveAndBelow (aftertouchValue, (int) 128));

    return MidiMessage (MidiHelpers::initialByte (0xa0, channel),
                        noteNum & 0x7f,
                        aftertouchValue & 0x7f);
}

bool MidiMessage::isChannelPressure() const noexcept
{
    return (getRawData()[0] & 0xf0) == 0xd0;
}

int MidiMessage::getChannelPressureValue() const noexcept
{
    jassert (isChannelPressure());
    return getRawData()[1];
}

MidiMessage MidiMessage::channelPressureChange (const int channel, const int pressure) noexcept
{
    jassert (channel > 0 && channel <= 16); // valid channels are numbered 1 to 16
    jassert (isPositiveAndBelow (pressure, (int) 128));

    return MidiMessage (MidiHelpers::initialByte (0xd0, channel), pressure & 0x7f);
}

bool MidiMessage::isSustainPedalOn() const noexcept     { return isControllerOfType (0x40) && getRawData()[2] >= 64; }
bool MidiMessage::isSustainPedalOff() const noexcept    { return isControllerOfType (0x40) && getRawData()[2] <  64; }

bool MidiMessage::isSostenutoPedalOn() const noexcept   { return isControllerOfType (0x42) && getRawData()[2] >= 64; }
bool MidiMessage::isSostenutoPedalOff() const noexcept  { return isControllerOfType (0x42) && getRawData()[2] <  64; }

bool MidiMessage::isSoftPedalOn() const noexcept        { return isControllerOfType (0x43) && getRawData()[2] >= 64; }
bool MidiMessage::isSoftPedalOff() const noexcept       { return isControllerOfType (0x43) && getRawData()[2] <  64; }


bool MidiMessage::isProgramChange() const noexcept
{
    return (getRawData()[0] & 0xf0) == 0xc0;
}

int MidiMessage::getProgramChangeNumber() const noexcept
{
    jassert (isProgramChange());
    return getRawData()[1];
}

MidiMessage MidiMessage::programChange (const int channel, const int programNumber) noexcept
{
    jassert (channel > 0 && channel <= 16); // valid channels are numbered 1 to 16

    return MidiMessage (MidiHelpers::initialByte (0xc0, channel), programNumber & 0x7f);
}

bool MidiMessage::isPitchWheel() const noexcept
{
    return (getRawData()[0] & 0xf0) == 0xe0;
}

int MidiMessage::getPitchWheelValue() const noexcept
{
    jassert (isPitchWheel());
    const uint8* const data = getRawData();
    return data[1] | (data[2] << 7);
}

MidiMessage MidiMessage::pitchWheel (const int channel, const int position) noexcept
{
    jassert (channel > 0 && channel <= 16); // valid channels are numbered 1 to 16
    jassert (isPositiveAndBelow (position, (int) 0x4000));

    return MidiMessage (MidiHelpers::initialByte (0xe0, channel),
                        position & 127, (position >> 7) & 127);
}

bool MidiMessage::isController() const noexcept
{
    return (getRawData()[0] & 0xf0) == 0xb0;
}

bool MidiMessage::isControllerOfType (const int controllerType) const noexcept
{
    const uint8* const data = getRawData();
    return (data[0] & 0xf0) == 0xb0 && data[1] == controllerType;
}

int MidiMessage::getControllerNumber() const noexcept
{
    jassert (isController());
    return getRawData()[1];
}

int MidiMessage::getControllerValue() const noexcept
{
    jassert (isController());
    return getRawData()[2];
}

MidiMessage MidiMessage::controllerEvent (const int channel, const int controllerType, const int value) noexcept
{
    // the channel must be between 1 and 16 inclusive
    jassert (channel > 0 && channel <= 16);

    return MidiMessage (MidiHelpers::initialByte (0xb0, channel),
                        controllerType & 127, value & 127);
}

MidiMessage MidiMessage::noteOn (const int channel, const int noteNumber, const uint8 velocity) noexcept
{
    jassert (channel > 0 && channel <= 16);
    jassert (isPositiveAndBelow (noteNumber, (int) 128));

    return MidiMessage (MidiHelpers::initialByte (0x90, channel),
                        noteNumber & 127, MidiHelpers::validVelocity (velocity));
}

MidiMessage MidiMessage::noteOn (const int channel, const int noteNumber, const float velocity) noexcept
{
    return noteOn (channel, noteNumber, MidiHelpers::floatVelocityToByte (velocity));
}

MidiMessage MidiMessage::noteOff (const int channel, const int noteNumber, uint8 velocity) noexcept
{
    jassert (channel > 0 && channel <= 16);
    jassert (isPositiveAndBelow (noteNumber, (int) 128));

    return MidiMessage (MidiHelpers::initialByte (0x80, channel),
                        noteNumber & 127, MidiHelpers::validVelocity (velocity));
}

MidiMessage MidiMessage::noteOff (const int channel, const int noteNumber, float velocity) noexcept
{
    return noteOff (channel, noteNumber, MidiHelpers::floatVelocityToByte (velocity));
}

MidiMessage MidiMessage::noteOff (const int channel, const int noteNumber) noexcept
{
    jassert (channel > 0 && channel <= 16);
    jassert (isPositiveAndBelow (noteNumber, (int) 128));

    return MidiMessage (MidiHelpers::initialByte (0x80, channel), noteNumber & 127, 0);
}

MidiMessage MidiMessage::allNotesOff (const int channel) noexcept
{
    return controllerEvent (channel, 123, 0);
}

bool MidiMessage::isAllNotesOff() const noexcept
{
    const uint8* const data = getRawData();
    return (data[0] & 0xf0) == 0xb0 && data[1] == 123;
}

MidiMessage MidiMessage::allSoundOff (const int channel) noexcept
{
    return controllerEvent (channel, 120, 0);
}

bool MidiMessage::isAllSoundOff() const noexcept
{
    const uint8* const data = getRawData();
    return (data[0] & 0xf0) == 0xb0 && data[1] == 120;
}

MidiMessage MidiMessage::allControllersOff (const int channel) noexcept
{
    return controllerEvent (channel, 121, 0);
}

MidiMessage MidiMessage::masterVolume (const float volume)
{
    const int vol = jlimit (0, 0x3fff, roundToInt (volume * 0x4000));

    const uint8 buf[] = { 0xf0, 0x7f, 0x7f, 0x04, 0x01,
                          (uint8) (vol & 0x7f),
                          (uint8) (vol >> 7),
                          0xf7 };

    return MidiMessage (buf, 8);
}

//==============================================================================
bool MidiMessage::isSysEx() const noexcept
{
    return *getRawData() == 0xf0;
}

MidiMessage MidiMessage::createSysExMessage (const void* sysexData, const int dataSize)
{
    HeapBlock<uint8> m ((size_t) dataSize + 2);

    m[0] = 0xf0;
    memcpy (m + 1, sysexData, (size_t) dataSize);
    m[dataSize + 1] = 0xf7;

    return MidiMessage (m, dataSize + 2);
}

const uint8* MidiMessage::getSysExData() const noexcept
{
    return isSysEx() ? getRawData() + 1 : nullptr;
}

int MidiMessage::getSysExDataSize() const noexcept
{
    return isSysEx() ? size - 2 : 0;
}

//==============================================================================
bool MidiMessage::isMetaEvent() const noexcept      { return *getRawData() == 0xff; }
bool MidiMessage::isActiveSense() const noexcept    { return *getRawData() == 0xfe; }

int MidiMessage::getMetaEventType() const noexcept
{
    const uint8* const data = getRawData();
    return *data != 0xff ? -1 : data[1];
}

int MidiMessage::getMetaEventLength() const noexcept
{
    const uint8* const data = getRawData();
    if (*data == 0xff)
    {
        int n;
        return jmin (size - 2, readVariableLengthVal (data + 2, n));
    }

    return 0;
}

const uint8* MidiMessage::getMetaEventData() const noexcept
{
    jassert (isMetaEvent());

    int n;
    const uint8* d = getRawData() + 2;
    readVariableLengthVal (d, n);
    return d + n;
}

bool MidiMessage::isTrackMetaEvent() const noexcept         { return getMetaEventType() == 0; }
bool MidiMessage::isEndOfTrackMetaEvent() const noexcept    { return getMetaEventType() == 47; }

bool MidiMessage::isTextMetaEvent() const noexcept
{
    const int t = getMetaEventType();
    return t > 0 && t < 16;
}

String MidiMessage::getTextFromTextMetaEvent() const
{
    const char* const textData = reinterpret_cast<const char*> (getMetaEventData());
    return String (CharPointer_UTF8 (textData),
                   CharPointer_UTF8 (textData + getMetaEventLength()));
}

MidiMessage MidiMessage::textMetaEvent (int type, StringRef text)
{
    jassert (type > 0 && type < 16);

    MidiMessage result;

    const size_t textSize = text.text.sizeInBytes() - 1;

    uint8 header[8];
    size_t n = sizeof (header);

    header[--n] = (uint8) (textSize & 0x7f);

    for (size_t i = textSize; (i >>= 7) != 0;)
        header[--n] = (uint8) ((i & 0x7f) | 0x80);

    header[--n] = (uint8) type;
    header[--n] = 0xff;

    const size_t headerLen = sizeof (header) - n;

    uint8* const dest = result.allocateSpace ((int) (headerLen + textSize));
    result.size = (int) (headerLen + textSize);

    memcpy (dest, header + n, headerLen);
    memcpy (dest + headerLen, text.text.getAddress(), textSize);

    return result;
}

bool MidiMessage::isTrackNameEvent() const noexcept         { const uint8* data = getRawData(); return (data[1] == 3)    && (*data == 0xff); }
bool MidiMessage::isTempoMetaEvent() const noexcept         { const uint8* data = getRawData(); return (data[1] == 81)   && (*data == 0xff); }
bool MidiMessage::isMidiChannelMetaEvent() const noexcept   { const uint8* data = getRawData(); return (data[1] == 0x20) && (*data == 0xff) && (data[2] == 1); }

int MidiMessage::getMidiChannelMetaEventChannel() const noexcept
{
    jassert (isMidiChannelMetaEvent());
    return getRawData()[3] + 1;
}

double MidiMessage::getTempoSecondsPerQuarterNote() const noexcept
{
    if (! isTempoMetaEvent())
        return 0.0;

    const uint8* const d = getMetaEventData();

    return (((unsigned int) d[0] << 16)
             | ((unsigned int) d[1] << 8)
             | d[2])
            / 1000000.0;
}

double MidiMessage::getTempoMetaEventTickLength (const short timeFormat) const noexcept
{
    if (timeFormat > 0)
    {
        if (! isTempoMetaEvent())
            return 0.5 / timeFormat;

        return getTempoSecondsPerQuarterNote() / timeFormat;
    }
    else
    {
        const int frameCode = (-timeFormat) >> 8;
        double framesPerSecond;

        switch (frameCode)
        {
            case 24: framesPerSecond = 24.0;   break;
            case 25: framesPerSecond = 25.0;   break;
            case 29: framesPerSecond = 29.97;  break;
            case 30: framesPerSecond = 30.0;   break;
            default: framesPerSecond = 30.0;   break;
        }

        return (1.0 / framesPerSecond) / (timeFormat & 0xff);
    }
}

MidiMessage MidiMessage::tempoMetaEvent (int microsecondsPerQuarterNote) noexcept
{
    const uint8 d[] = { 0xff, 81, 3,
                        (uint8) (microsecondsPerQuarterNote >> 16),
                        (uint8) (microsecondsPerQuarterNote >> 8),
                        (uint8) microsecondsPerQuarterNote };

    return MidiMessage (d, 6, 0.0);
}

bool MidiMessage::isTimeSignatureMetaEvent() const noexcept
{
    const uint8* const data = getRawData();
    return (data[1] == 0x58) && (*data == (uint8) 0xff);
}

void MidiMessage::getTimeSignatureInfo (int& numerator, int& denominator) const noexcept
{
    if (isTimeSignatureMetaEvent())
    {
        const uint8* const d = getMetaEventData();
        numerator = d[0];
        denominator = 1 << d[1];
    }
    else
    {
        numerator = 4;
        denominator = 4;
    }
}

MidiMessage MidiMessage::timeSignatureMetaEvent (const int numerator, const int denominator)
{
    int n = 1;
    int powerOfTwo = 0;

    while (n < denominator)
    {
        n <<= 1;
        ++powerOfTwo;
    }

    const uint8 d[] = { 0xff, 0x58, 0x04, (uint8) numerator, (uint8) powerOfTwo, 1, 96 };
    return MidiMessage (d, 7, 0.0);
}

MidiMessage MidiMessage::midiChannelMetaEvent (const int channel) noexcept
{
    const uint8 d[] = { 0xff, 0x20, 0x01, (uint8) jlimit (0, 0xff, channel - 1) };
    return MidiMessage (d, 4, 0.0);
}

bool MidiMessage::isKeySignatureMetaEvent() const noexcept
{
    return getMetaEventType() == 0x59;
}

int MidiMessage::getKeySignatureNumberOfSharpsOrFlats() const noexcept
{
    return (int) getMetaEventData()[0];
}

bool MidiMessage::isKeySignatureMajorKey() const noexcept
{
    return getMetaEventData()[1] == 0;
}

MidiMessage MidiMessage::keySignatureMetaEvent (int numberOfSharpsOrFlats, bool isMinorKey)
{
    jassert (numberOfSharpsOrFlats >= -7 && numberOfSharpsOrFlats <= 7);

    const uint8 d[] = { 0xff, 0x59, 0x02, (uint8) numberOfSharpsOrFlats, isMinorKey ? (uint8) 1 : (uint8) 0 };
    return MidiMessage (d, 5, 0.0);
}

MidiMessage MidiMessage::endOfTrack() noexcept
{
    return MidiMessage (0xff, 0x2f, 0, 0.0);
}

//==============================================================================
bool MidiMessage::isSongPositionPointer() const noexcept         { return *getRawData() == 0xf2; }
int MidiMessage::getSongPositionPointerMidiBeat() const noexcept { const uint8* data = getRawData(); return data[1] | (data[2] << 7); }

MidiMessage MidiMessage::songPositionPointer (const int positionInMidiBeats) noexcept
{
    return MidiMessage (0xf2,
                        positionInMidiBeats & 127,
                        (positionInMidiBeats >> 7) & 127);
}

bool MidiMessage::isMidiStart() const noexcept            { return *getRawData() == 0xfa; }
MidiMessage MidiMessage::midiStart() noexcept             { return MidiMessage (0xfa); }

bool MidiMessage::isMidiContinue() const noexcept         { return *getRawData() == 0xfb; }
MidiMessage MidiMessage::midiContinue() noexcept          { return MidiMessage (0xfb); }

bool MidiMessage::isMidiStop() const noexcept             { return *getRawData() == 0xfc; }
MidiMessage MidiMessage::midiStop() noexcept              { return MidiMessage (0xfc); }

bool MidiMessage::isMidiClock() const noexcept            { return *getRawData() == 0xf8; }
MidiMessage MidiMessage::midiClock() noexcept             { return MidiMessage (0xf8); }

bool MidiMessage::isQuarterFrame() const noexcept               { return *getRawData() == 0xf1; }
int MidiMessage::getQuarterFrameSequenceNumber() const noexcept { return ((int) getRawData()[1]) >> 4; }
int MidiMessage::getQuarterFrameValue() const noexcept          { return ((int) getRawData()[1]) & 0x0f; }

MidiMessage MidiMessage::quarterFrame (const int sequenceNumber, const int value) noexcept
{
    return MidiMessage (0xf1, (sequenceNumber << 4) | value);
}

bool MidiMessage::isFullFrame() const noexcept
{
    const uint8* const data = getRawData();

    return data[0] == 0xf0
            && data[1] == 0x7f
            && size >= 10
            && data[3] == 0x01
            && data[4] == 0x01;
}

void MidiMessage::getFullFrameParameters (int& hours, int& minutes, int& seconds, int& frames,
                                          MidiMessage::SmpteTimecodeType& timecodeType) const noexcept
{
    jassert (isFullFrame());

    const uint8* const data = getRawData();
    timecodeType = (SmpteTimecodeType) (data[5] >> 5);
    hours   = data[5] & 0x1f;
    minutes = data[6];
    seconds = data[7];
    frames  = data[8];
}

MidiMessage MidiMessage::fullFrame (const int hours, const int minutes,
                                    const int seconds, const int frames,
                                    MidiMessage::SmpteTimecodeType timecodeType)
{
    const uint8 d[] = { 0xf0, 0x7f, 0x7f, 0x01, 0x01,
                        (uint8) ((hours & 0x01f) | (timecodeType << 5)),
                        (uint8) minutes,
                        (uint8) seconds,
                        (uint8) frames,
                        0xf7 };

    return MidiMessage (d, 10, 0.0);
}

bool MidiMessage::isMidiMachineControlMessage() const noexcept
{
    const uint8* const data = getRawData();
    return data[0] == 0xf0
        && data[1] == 0x7f
        && data[3] == 0x06
        && size > 5;
}

MidiMessage::MidiMachineControlCommand MidiMessage::getMidiMachineControlCommand() const noexcept
{
    jassert (isMidiMachineControlMessage());

    return (MidiMachineControlCommand) getRawData()[4];
}

MidiMessage MidiMessage::midiMachineControlCommand (MidiMessage::MidiMachineControlCommand command)
{
    const uint8 d[] = { 0xf0, 0x7f, 0, 6, (uint8) command, 0xf7 };

    return MidiMessage (d, 6, 0.0);
}

//==============================================================================
bool MidiMessage::isMidiMachineControlGoto (int& hours, int& minutes, int& seconds, int& frames) const noexcept
{
    const uint8* const data = getRawData();
    if (size >= 12
         && data[0] == 0xf0
         && data[1] == 0x7f
         && data[3] == 0x06
         && data[4] == 0x44
         && data[5] == 0x06
         && data[6] == 0x01)
    {
        hours = data[7] % 24;   // (that some machines send out hours > 24)
        minutes = data[8];
        seconds = data[9];
        frames = data[10];

        return true;
    }

    return false;
}

MidiMessage MidiMessage::midiMachineControlGoto (int hours, int minutes, int seconds, int frames)
{
    const uint8 d[] = { 0xf0, 0x7f, 0, 6, 0x44, 6, 1,
                        (uint8) hours,
                        (uint8) minutes,
                        (uint8) seconds,
                        (uint8) frames,
                        0xf7 };

    return MidiMessage (d, 12, 0.0);
}

//==============================================================================
String MidiMessage::getMidiNoteName (int note, bool useSharps, bool includeOctaveNumber, int octaveNumForMiddleC)
{
    static const char* const sharpNoteNames[] = { "C", "C#", "D", "D#", "E", "F", "F#", "G", "G#", "A", "A#", "B" };
    static const char* const flatNoteNames[]  = { "C", "Db", "D", "Eb", "E", "F", "Gb", "G", "Ab", "A", "Bb", "B" };

    if (isPositiveAndBelow (note, (int) 128))
    {
        String s (useSharps ? sharpNoteNames [note % 12]
                            : flatNoteNames  [note % 12]);

        if (includeOctaveNumber)
            s << (note / 12 + (octaveNumForMiddleC - 5));

        return s;
    }

    return String();
}

double MidiMessage::getMidiNoteInHertz (int noteNumber, const double frequencyOfA) noexcept
{
    return frequencyOfA * pow (2.0, (noteNumber - 69) / 12.0);
}

bool MidiMessage::isMidiNoteBlack (int noteNumber) noexcept
{
    return ((1 << (noteNumber % 12)) & 0x054a) != 0;
}

const char* MidiMessage::getGMInstrumentName (const int n)
{
    static const char* names[] =
    {
        NEEDS_TRANS("Acoustic Grand Piano"),    NEEDS_TRANS("Bright Acoustic Piano"),   NEEDS_TRANS("Electric Grand Piano"),    NEEDS_TRANS("Honky-tonk Piano"),
        NEEDS_TRANS("Electric Piano 1"),        NEEDS_TRANS("Electric Piano 2"),        NEEDS_TRANS("Harpsichord"),             NEEDS_TRANS("Clavinet"),
        NEEDS_TRANS("Celesta"),                 NEEDS_TRANS("Glockenspiel"),            NEEDS_TRANS("Music Box"),               NEEDS_TRANS("Vibraphone"),
        NEEDS_TRANS("Marimba"),                 NEEDS_TRANS("Xylophone"),               NEEDS_TRANS("Tubular Bells"),           NEEDS_TRANS("Dulcimer"),
        NEEDS_TRANS("Drawbar Organ"),           NEEDS_TRANS("Percussive Organ"),        NEEDS_TRANS("Rock Organ"),              NEEDS_TRANS("Church Organ"),
        NEEDS_TRANS("Reed Organ"),              NEEDS_TRANS("Accordion"),               NEEDS_TRANS("Harmonica"),               NEEDS_TRANS("Tango Accordion"),
        NEEDS_TRANS("Acoustic Guitar (nylon)"), NEEDS_TRANS("Acoustic Guitar (steel)"), NEEDS_TRANS("Electric Guitar (jazz)"),  NEEDS_TRANS("Electric Guitar (clean)"),
        NEEDS_TRANS("Electric Guitar (mute)"),  NEEDS_TRANS("Overdriven Guitar"),       NEEDS_TRANS("Distortion Guitar"),       NEEDS_TRANS("Guitar Harmonics"),
        NEEDS_TRANS("Acoustic Bass"),           NEEDS_TRANS("Electric Bass (finger)"),  NEEDS_TRANS("Electric Bass (pick)"),    NEEDS_TRANS("Fretless Bass"),
        NEEDS_TRANS("Slap Bass 1"),             NEEDS_TRANS("Slap Bass 2"),             NEEDS_TRANS("Synth Bass 1"),            NEEDS_TRANS("Synth Bass 2"),
        NEEDS_TRANS("Violin"),                  NEEDS_TRANS("Viola"),                   NEEDS_TRANS("Cello"),                   NEEDS_TRANS("Contrabass"),
        NEEDS_TRANS("Tremolo Strings"),         NEEDS_TRANS("Pizzicato Strings"),       NEEDS_TRANS("Orchestral Harp"),         NEEDS_TRANS("Timpani"),
        NEEDS_TRANS("String Ensemble 1"),       NEEDS_TRANS("String Ensemble 2"),       NEEDS_TRANS("SynthStrings 1"),          NEEDS_TRANS("SynthStrings 2"),
        NEEDS_TRANS("Choir Aahs"),              NEEDS_TRANS("Voice Oohs"),              NEEDS_TRANS("Synth Voice"),             NEEDS_TRANS("Orchestra Hit"),
        NEEDS_TRANS("Trumpet"),                 NEEDS_TRANS("Trombone"),                NEEDS_TRANS("Tuba"),                    NEEDS_TRANS("Muted Trumpet"),
        NEEDS_TRANS("French Horn"),             NEEDS_TRANS("Brass Section"),           NEEDS_TRANS("SynthBrass 1"),            NEEDS_TRANS("SynthBrass 2"),
        NEEDS_TRANS("Soprano Sax"),             NEEDS_TRANS("Alto Sax"),                NEEDS_TRANS("Tenor Sax"),               NEEDS_TRANS("Baritone Sax"),
        NEEDS_TRANS("Oboe"),                    NEEDS_TRANS("English Horn"),            NEEDS_TRANS("Bassoon"),                 NEEDS_TRANS("Clarinet"),
        NEEDS_TRANS("Piccolo"),                 NEEDS_TRANS("Flute"),                   NEEDS_TRANS("Recorder"),                NEEDS_TRANS("Pan Flute"),
        NEEDS_TRANS("Blown Bottle"),            NEEDS_TRANS("Shakuhachi"),              NEEDS_TRANS("Whistle"),                 NEEDS_TRANS("Ocarina"),
        NEEDS_TRANS("Lead 1 (square)"),         NEEDS_TRANS("Lead 2 (sawtooth)"),       NEEDS_TRANS("Lead 3 (calliope)"),       NEEDS_TRANS("Lead 4 (chiff)"),
        NEEDS_TRANS("Lead 5 (charang)"),        NEEDS_TRANS("Lead 6 (voice)"),          NEEDS_TRANS("Lead 7 (fifths)"),         NEEDS_TRANS("Lead 8 (bass+lead)"),
        NEEDS_TRANS("Pad 1 (new age)"),         NEEDS_TRANS("Pad 2 (warm)"),            NEEDS_TRANS("Pad 3 (polysynth)"),       NEEDS_TRANS("Pad 4 (choir)"),
        NEEDS_TRANS("Pad 5 (bowed)"),           NEEDS_TRANS("Pad 6 (metallic)"),        NEEDS_TRANS("Pad 7 (halo)"),            NEEDS_TRANS("Pad 8 (sweep)"),
        NEEDS_TRANS("FX 1 (rain)"),             NEEDS_TRANS("FX 2 (soundtrack)"),       NEEDS_TRANS("FX 3 (crystal)"),          NEEDS_TRANS("FX 4 (atmosphere)"),
        NEEDS_TRANS("FX 5 (brightness)"),       NEEDS_TRANS("FX 6 (goblins)"),          NEEDS_TRANS("FX 7 (echoes)"),           NEEDS_TRANS("FX 8 (sci-fi)"),
        NEEDS_TRANS("Sitar"),                   NEEDS_TRANS("Banjo"),                   NEEDS_TRANS("Shamisen"),                NEEDS_TRANS("Koto"),
        NEEDS_TRANS("Kalimba"),                 NEEDS_TRANS("Bag pipe"),                NEEDS_TRANS("Fiddle"),                  NEEDS_TRANS("Shanai"),
        NEEDS_TRANS("Tinkle Bell"),             NEEDS_TRANS("Agogo"),                   NEEDS_TRANS("Steel Drums"),             NEEDS_TRANS("Woodblock"),
        NEEDS_TRANS("Taiko Drum"),              NEEDS_TRANS("Melodic Tom"),             NEEDS_TRANS("Synth Drum"),              NEEDS_TRANS("Reverse Cymbal"),
        NEEDS_TRANS("Guitar Fret Noise"),       NEEDS_TRANS("Breath Noise"),            NEEDS_TRANS("Seashore"),                NEEDS_TRANS("Bird Tweet"),
        NEEDS_TRANS("Telephone Ring"),          NEEDS_TRANS("Helicopter"),              NEEDS_TRANS("Applause"),                NEEDS_TRANS("Gunshot")
    };

    return isPositiveAndBelow (n, numElementsInArray (names)) ? names[n] : nullptr;
}

const char* MidiMessage::getGMInstrumentBankName (const int n)
{
    static const char* names[] =
    {
        NEEDS_TRANS("Piano"),           NEEDS_TRANS("Chromatic Percussion"),    NEEDS_TRANS("Organ"),       NEEDS_TRANS("Guitar"),
        NEEDS_TRANS("Bass"),            NEEDS_TRANS("Strings"),                 NEEDS_TRANS("Ensemble"),    NEEDS_TRANS("Brass"),
        NEEDS_TRANS("Reed"),            NEEDS_TRANS("Pipe"),                    NEEDS_TRANS("Synth Lead"),  NEEDS_TRANS("Synth Pad"),
        NEEDS_TRANS("Synth Effects"),   NEEDS_TRANS("Ethnic"),                  NEEDS_TRANS("Percussive"),  NEEDS_TRANS("Sound Effects")
    };

    return isPositiveAndBelow (n, numElementsInArray (names)) ? names[n] : nullptr;
}

const char* MidiMessage::getRhythmInstrumentName (const int n)
{
    static const char* names[] =
    {
        NEEDS_TRANS("Acoustic Bass Drum"),  NEEDS_TRANS("Bass Drum 1"),     NEEDS_TRANS("Side Stick"),      NEEDS_TRANS("Acoustic Snare"),
        NEEDS_TRANS("Hand Clap"),           NEEDS_TRANS("Electric Snare"),  NEEDS_TRANS("Low Floor Tom"),   NEEDS_TRANS("Closed Hi-Hat"),
        NEEDS_TRANS("High Floor Tom"),      NEEDS_TRANS("Pedal Hi-Hat"),    NEEDS_TRANS("Low Tom"),         NEEDS_TRANS("Open Hi-Hat"),
        NEEDS_TRANS("Low-Mid Tom"),         NEEDS_TRANS("Hi-Mid Tom"),      NEEDS_TRANS("Crash Cymbal 1"),  NEEDS_TRANS("High Tom"),
        NEEDS_TRANS("Ride Cymbal 1"),       NEEDS_TRANS("Chinese Cymbal"),  NEEDS_TRANS("Ride Bell"),       NEEDS_TRANS("Tambourine"),
        NEEDS_TRANS("Splash Cymbal"),       NEEDS_TRANS("Cowbell"),         NEEDS_TRANS("Crash Cymbal 2"),  NEEDS_TRANS("Vibraslap"),
        NEEDS_TRANS("Ride Cymbal 2"),       NEEDS_TRANS("Hi Bongo"),        NEEDS_TRANS("Low Bongo"),       NEEDS_TRANS("Mute Hi Conga"),
        NEEDS_TRANS("Open Hi Conga"),       NEEDS_TRANS("Low Conga"),       NEEDS_TRANS("High Timbale"),    NEEDS_TRANS("Low Timbale"),
        NEEDS_TRANS("High Agogo"),          NEEDS_TRANS("Low Agogo"),       NEEDS_TRANS("Cabasa"),          NEEDS_TRANS("Maracas"),
        NEEDS_TRANS("Short Whistle"),       NEEDS_TRANS("Long Whistle"),    NEEDS_TRANS("Short Guiro"),     NEEDS_TRANS("Long Guiro"),
        NEEDS_TRANS("Claves"),              NEEDS_TRANS("Hi Wood Block"),   NEEDS_TRANS("Low Wood Block"),  NEEDS_TRANS("Mute Cuica"),
        NEEDS_TRANS("Open Cuica"),          NEEDS_TRANS("Mute Triangle"),   NEEDS_TRANS("Open Triangle")
    };

    return (n >= 35 && n <= 81) ? names [n - 35] : nullptr;
}

const char* MidiMessage::getControllerName (const int n)
{
    static const char* names[] =
    {
        NEEDS_TRANS("Bank Select"), NEEDS_TRANS("Modulation Wheel (coarse)"), NEEDS_TRANS("Breath controller (coarse)"),
        nullptr,
        NEEDS_TRANS("Foot Pedal (coarse)"), NEEDS_TRANS("Portamento Time (coarse)"), NEEDS_TRANS("Data Entry (coarse)"),
        NEEDS_TRANS("Volume (coarse)"), NEEDS_TRANS("Balance (coarse)"),
        nullptr,
        NEEDS_TRANS("Pan position (coarse)"), NEEDS_TRANS("Expression (coarse)"), NEEDS_TRANS("Effect Control 1 (coarse)"),
        NEEDS_TRANS("Effect Control 2 (coarse)"),
        nullptr, nullptr,
        NEEDS_TRANS("General Purpose Slider 1"), NEEDS_TRANS("General Purpose Slider 2"),
        NEEDS_TRANS("General Purpose Slider 3"), NEEDS_TRANS("General Purpose Slider 4"),
        nullptr, nullptr, nullptr, nullptr, nullptr, nullptr, nullptr, nullptr, nullptr, nullptr, nullptr, nullptr,
        NEEDS_TRANS("Bank Select (fine)"), NEEDS_TRANS("Modulation Wheel (fine)"), NEEDS_TRANS("Breath controller (fine)"),
        nullptr,
        NEEDS_TRANS("Foot Pedal (fine)"), NEEDS_TRANS("Portamento Time (fine)"), NEEDS_TRANS("Data Entry (fine)"), NEEDS_TRANS("Volume (fine)"),
        NEEDS_TRANS("Balance (fine)"), nullptr, NEEDS_TRANS("Pan position (fine)"), NEEDS_TRANS("Expression (fine)"),
        NEEDS_TRANS("Effect Control 1 (fine)"), NEEDS_TRANS("Effect Control 2 (fine)"),
        nullptr, nullptr, nullptr, nullptr, nullptr, nullptr, nullptr, nullptr, nullptr,
        nullptr, nullptr, nullptr, nullptr, nullptr, nullptr, nullptr, nullptr, nullptr,
        NEEDS_TRANS("Hold Pedal (on/off)"), NEEDS_TRANS("Portamento (on/off)"), NEEDS_TRANS("Sustenuto Pedal (on/off)"), NEEDS_TRANS("Soft Pedal (on/off)"),
        NEEDS_TRANS("Legato Pedal (on/off)"), NEEDS_TRANS("Hold 2 Pedal (on/off)"), NEEDS_TRANS("Sound Variation"), NEEDS_TRANS("Sound Timbre"),
        NEEDS_TRANS("Sound Release Time"), NEEDS_TRANS("Sound Attack Time"), NEEDS_TRANS("Sound Brightness"), NEEDS_TRANS("Sound Control 6"),
        NEEDS_TRANS("Sound Control 7"), NEEDS_TRANS("Sound Control 8"), NEEDS_TRANS("Sound Control 9"), NEEDS_TRANS("Sound Control 10"),
        NEEDS_TRANS("General Purpose Button 1 (on/off)"), NEEDS_TRANS("General Purpose Button 2 (on/off)"),
        NEEDS_TRANS("General Purpose Button 3 (on/off)"), NEEDS_TRANS("General Purpose Button 4 (on/off)"),
        nullptr, nullptr, nullptr, nullptr, nullptr, nullptr, nullptr,
        NEEDS_TRANS("Reverb Level"), NEEDS_TRANS("Tremolo Level"), NEEDS_TRANS("Chorus Level"), NEEDS_TRANS("Celeste Level"),
        NEEDS_TRANS("Phaser Level"), NEEDS_TRANS("Data Button increment"), NEEDS_TRANS("Data Button decrement"), NEEDS_TRANS("Non-registered Parameter (fine)"),
        NEEDS_TRANS("Non-registered Parameter (coarse)"), NEEDS_TRANS("Registered Parameter (fine)"), NEEDS_TRANS("Registered Parameter (coarse)"),
        nullptr, nullptr, nullptr, nullptr, nullptr, nullptr, nullptr, nullptr, nullptr,
        nullptr, nullptr, nullptr, nullptr, nullptr, nullptr, nullptr, nullptr, nullptr,
        NEEDS_TRANS("All Sound Off"), NEEDS_TRANS("All Controllers Off"), NEEDS_TRANS("Local Keyboard (on/off)"), NEEDS_TRANS("All Notes Off"),
        NEEDS_TRANS("Omni Mode Off"), NEEDS_TRANS("Omni Mode On"), NEEDS_TRANS("Mono Operation"), NEEDS_TRANS("Poly Operation")
    };

    return isPositiveAndBelow (n, numElementsInArray (names)) ? names[n] : nullptr;
}