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@@ -1,9 +1,9 @@ |
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# Voltage Standards |
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Rack input and output values (carried by cables) are in voltage units. |
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You can measure absolute voltage levels using the Fundamental Scope. |
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In Rack, input and output values carried by patch cables are in voltage units (V). |
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You can measure absolute voltage levels using modules like Fundamental Scope. |
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Rack attempts to model Eurorack standards as accurately as possible, but this is a problem for two reasons: there are very few actual "standards" in Eurorack (The only rule is that you can always find a module which breaks the rule), and a few changes must be made due to using a finite sample rate (digital) vs. an infinite sample rate (analog). |
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Rack attempts to model Eurorack standards as accurately as possible, but this is a problem for two reasons: there are very few actual "standards" in Eurorack (The only rule is that you can always find a module which breaks the rule), and there are a few differences between digital (finite sample rate) and analog (infinite sample rate). |
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### Audio and Modulation |
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@@ -12,13 +12,13 @@ Audio outputs are typically **±5V** (before bandlimiting is applied), and CV mo |
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### Output Saturation |
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In Eurorack, power supplies supply **-12 to 12V**. |
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No voltage should be generated beyond this range, since it would be (mostly) impossible to obtain in Eurorack. |
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Additionally, protection diodes on the ±12V rails usually drop the range to ±11.7V. |
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No voltage should be generated beyond this range, since it would be mostly impossible to obtain in Eurorack. |
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Additionally, protection diodes on the ±12V rails usually drop the range to about ±11.7V. |
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However, if you do not want to model analog output saturation for simplicity or performance reasons, that is perfectly fine. |
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It is best to allow voltages outside this range rather than use hard clipping with `clampf(out, -1.f, 1.f)` because in the best case they will be attenuated by a module downstream, and in the worst case, they will be hard clipped by the Audio Interface. |
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It is much better to allow voltages outside this range rather than use hard clipping with `clampf(out, -1.f, 1.f)` because in the best case they will be attenuated by a module downstream, and in the worst case, they will be hard clipped by the Audio module from Core. |
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If your module applies gain to an input, it is a good idea to saturate the output. |
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If your module is capable of applying >1x gain to an input, it is a good idea to saturate the output. |
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### Triggers |
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