From 81eb47815ef615585443de296ca2a3f23da09df1 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Leonardo Laguna Ruiz <modlfo@gmail.com>
Date: Sun, 12 Apr 2020 12:44:04 +0300
Subject: [PATCH 01/27] Improves the LuaJIT performance by using luaL_openlibs
 to initialize the VM

---
 src/LuaJITEngine.cpp | 21 ++++++++++-----------
 1 file changed, 10 insertions(+), 11 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/LuaJITEngine.cpp b/src/LuaJITEngine.cpp
index ee39157..5e87383 100644
--- a/src/LuaJITEngine.cpp
+++ b/src/LuaJITEngine.cpp
@@ -28,17 +28,16 @@ struct LuaJITEngine : ScriptEngine {
 			return -1;
 		}
 
-		// Import a subset of the standard library
-		luaopen_base(L);
-		luaopen_string(L);
-		luaopen_table(L);
-		luaopen_math(L);
-		luaopen_bit(L);
-		// Loads the JIT package otherwise it will be off
-		luaopen_jit(L);
-		// Disables access to the JIT package
-		lua_pushnil(L);
-		lua_setglobal(L,"jit");
+		// Import the common Lua libraries
+		luaL_openlibs(L);
+		// Unloads the unsafe libraries
+		lua_pushinteger(L, 0);
+		lua_setglobal(L, "os");
+		lua_pushinteger(L, 0);
+		lua_setglobal(L, "io");
+		// Unloads 'require' so 'io' and 'os' cannot be reloaded
+		lua_pushinteger(L, 0);
+		lua_setglobal(L, "require");
 
 		// Set user pointer
 		lua_pushlightuserdata(L, this);

From c68b38aa6402aee02e9c4e2471d74b13f51d3502 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Leonardo Laguna Ruiz <modlfo@gmail.com>
Date: Sun, 12 Apr 2020 14:42:15 +0300
Subject: [PATCH 02/27] Revert "Improves the LuaJIT performance by using
 luaL_openlibs to initialize the VM"

This reverts commit 1e8f89a8fa9fa965f398cccf3af4988aa91a9395.
---
 src/LuaJITEngine.cpp | 16 ++++++----------
 1 file changed, 6 insertions(+), 10 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/LuaJITEngine.cpp b/src/LuaJITEngine.cpp
index 5e87383..1d8d523 100644
--- a/src/LuaJITEngine.cpp
+++ b/src/LuaJITEngine.cpp
@@ -28,16 +28,12 @@ struct LuaJITEngine : ScriptEngine {
 			return -1;
 		}
 
-		// Import the common Lua libraries
-		luaL_openlibs(L);
-		// Unloads the unsafe libraries
-		lua_pushinteger(L, 0);
-		lua_setglobal(L, "os");
-		lua_pushinteger(L, 0);
-		lua_setglobal(L, "io");
-		// Unloads 'require' so 'io' and 'os' cannot be reloaded
-		lua_pushinteger(L, 0);
-		lua_setglobal(L, "require");
+		// Import a subset of the standard library
+		luaopen_base(L);
+		luaopen_string(L);
+		luaopen_table(L);
+		luaopen_math(L);
+		luaopen_bit(L);
 
 		// Set user pointer
 		lua_pushlightuserdata(L, this);

From 95348ffaee8cbcc600bd7719712c41f2ff6833da Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Leonardo Laguna Ruiz <modlfo@gmail.com>
Date: Sun, 12 Apr 2020 14:59:10 +0300
Subject: [PATCH 03/27] Loads the JIT library that way the JIT engine is
 enabled

---
 src/LuaJITEngine.cpp | 5 +++++
 1 file changed, 5 insertions(+)

diff --git a/src/LuaJITEngine.cpp b/src/LuaJITEngine.cpp
index 1d8d523..099a062 100644
--- a/src/LuaJITEngine.cpp
+++ b/src/LuaJITEngine.cpp
@@ -34,6 +34,11 @@ struct LuaJITEngine : ScriptEngine {
 		luaopen_table(L);
 		luaopen_math(L);
 		luaopen_bit(L);
+		// Loads the JIT package otherwise it will be off
+		luaopen_jit(L);
+		// Diables access to the JIT package
+		lua_pushnil(L);
+		lua_setglobal(L,"jit");
 
 		// Set user pointer
 		lua_pushlightuserdata(L, this);

From 4004bc4e96fce7bfd5933f95ee7d5398ace85885 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Leonardo Laguna Ruiz <modlfo@gmail.com>
Date: Sun, 12 Apr 2020 15:05:19 +0300
Subject: [PATCH 04/27] Fixes typo in comment

---
 src/LuaJITEngine.cpp | 2 +-
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/src/LuaJITEngine.cpp b/src/LuaJITEngine.cpp
index 099a062..ee39157 100644
--- a/src/LuaJITEngine.cpp
+++ b/src/LuaJITEngine.cpp
@@ -36,7 +36,7 @@ struct LuaJITEngine : ScriptEngine {
 		luaopen_bit(L);
 		// Loads the JIT package otherwise it will be off
 		luaopen_jit(L);
-		// Diables access to the JIT package
+		// Disables access to the JIT package
 		lua_pushnil(L);
 		lua_setglobal(L,"jit");
 

From 9dcb0f4445cc82c04e04085cad913c5e8652adc5 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Leonardo Laguna Ruiz <modlfo@gmail.com>
Date: Mon, 13 Apr 2020 07:56:17 +0300
Subject: [PATCH 05/27] Example on how to use the FFI in LuaJIT to increase the
 performance

---
 examples/gain.lua    |  10 +-
 examples/rainbow.lua |   6 +-
 examples/vco.lua     |   8 +-
 src/LuaJITEngine.cpp | 246 ++++++++++++-------------------------------
 4 files changed, 78 insertions(+), 192 deletions(-)

diff --git a/examples/gain.lua b/examples/gain.lua
index 45e8d95..01aae12 100644
--- a/examples/gain.lua
+++ b/examples/gain.lua
@@ -6,23 +6,23 @@ config.bufferSize = 32
 
 function process(block)
 	-- Loop through each column
-	for i=1,6 do
+	for i=0,5 do
 		-- Get gain knob
 		gain = block.knobs[i]
 		-- Set gain light (red = 1)
-		block.lights[i][1] = gain
+		block.lights[i][0] = gain
 		-- Check mute switch
 		if block.switches[i] then
 			-- Mute output
 			gain = 0
 			-- Enable mute light (red = 1)
-			block.switchLights[i][1] = 1
+			block.switchLights[i][0] = 1
 		else
 			-- Disable mute light
-			block.switchLights[i][1] = 0
+			block.switchLights[i][0] = 0
 		end
 		-- Iterate input/output buffer
-		for j=1,block.bufferSize do
+		for j=0,block.bufferSize-1 do
 			-- Get input
 			x = block.inputs[i][j]
 			-- Apply gain to input
diff --git a/examples/rainbow.lua b/examples/rainbow.lua
index db8eadd..341447f 100644
--- a/examples/rainbow.lua
+++ b/examples/rainbow.lua
@@ -34,10 +34,10 @@ function process(block)
 		h = (1 - i / 6 + phase) % 1
 		rgb = hsvToRgb(h, 1, 1)
 		for c=1,3 do
-			block.lights[i][c] = rgb[c]
-			block.switchLights[i][c] = rgb[c]
+			block.lights[i-1][c-1] = rgb[c]
+			block.switchLights[i-1][c-1] = rgb[c]
 		end
-		block.outputs[i][1] = math.sin(2 * math.pi * h) * 5 + 5
+		block.outputs[i-1][0] = math.sin(2 * math.pi * h) * 5 + 5
 	end
 end
 
diff --git a/examples/vco.lua b/examples/vco.lua
index 5a274f6..e39252b 100644
--- a/examples/vco.lua
+++ b/examples/vco.lua
@@ -9,10 +9,10 @@ config.bufferSize = 16
 phase = 0
 function process(block)
 	-- Knob ranges from -5 to 5 octaves
-	pitch = block.knobs[1] * 10 - 5
+	pitch = block.knobs[0] * 10 - 5
 	-- Input follows 1V/oct standard
 	-- Take the first input's first buffer value
-	pitch = pitch + block.inputs[1][1]
+	pitch = pitch + block.inputs[0][0]
 
 	-- The relationship between 1V/oct pitch and frequency is `freq = 2^pitch`.
 	-- Default frequency is middle C (C4) in Hz.
@@ -22,13 +22,13 @@ function process(block)
 
 	-- Set all samples in output buffer
 	deltaPhase = config.frameDivider * block.sampleTime * freq
-	for i=1,block.bufferSize do
+	for i=0,block.bufferSize-1 do
 		-- Accumulate phase
 		phase = phase + deltaPhase
 		-- Wrap phase around range [0, 1]
 		phase = phase % 1
 
 		-- Convert phase to sine output
-		block.outputs[1][i] = math.sin(2 * math.pi * phase) * 5
+		block.outputs[0][i] = math.sin(2 * math.pi * phase) * 5
 	end
 end
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/src/LuaJITEngine.cpp b/src/LuaJITEngine.cpp
index ee39157..28c6fcb 100644
--- a/src/LuaJITEngine.cpp
+++ b/src/LuaJITEngine.cpp
@@ -1,6 +1,28 @@
 #include "ScriptEngine.hpp"
 #include <luajit-2.0/lua.hpp>
 
+static const luaL_Reg lj_lib_load[] = {
+    { "",              luaopen_base },
+    { LUA_LOADLIBNAME, luaopen_package },
+    { LUA_TABLIBNAME,  luaopen_table },
+    { LUA_STRLIBNAME,  luaopen_string },
+    { LUA_MATHLIBNAME, luaopen_math },
+    { LUA_BITLIBNAME,  luaopen_bit },
+    { LUA_JITLIBNAME,  luaopen_jit },
+    { LUA_FFILIBNAME,  luaopen_ffi },
+    { NULL,            NULL }
+};
+
+LUALIB_API void custom_openlibs(lua_State *L)
+{
+    const luaL_Reg *lib;
+    for (lib = lj_lib_load; lib->func; lib++) {
+    	lua_pushcfunction(L, lib->func);
+    	lua_pushstring(L, lib->name);
+    	lua_call(L, 1, 0);
+  	}
+  	lua_pop(L, 1);
+}
 
 struct LuaJITEngine : ScriptEngine {
 	lua_State* L = NULL;
@@ -29,16 +51,7 @@ struct LuaJITEngine : ScriptEngine {
 		}
 
 		// Import a subset of the standard library
-		luaopen_base(L);
-		luaopen_string(L);
-		luaopen_table(L);
-		luaopen_math(L);
-		luaopen_bit(L);
-		// Loads the JIT package otherwise it will be off
-		luaopen_jit(L);
-		// Disables access to the JIT package
-		lua_pushnil(L);
-		lua_setglobal(L,"jit");
+		custom_openlibs(L);
 
 		// Set user pointer
 		lua_pushlightuserdata(L, this);
@@ -63,7 +76,45 @@ struct LuaJITEngine : ScriptEngine {
 		}
 		lua_setglobal(L, "config");
 
-		// Compile script
+		// Loads the FFI auxiliary functions.
+		std::stringstream ffi_stream;
+		ffi_stream
+		<< "local ffi = require('ffi')" << std::endl
+		// Describes the struct 'ProcessBlock' that way LuaJIT knows how to access the data
+		<< "ffi.cdef[[" << std::endl
+		<< "struct ProcessBlock {" << std::endl
+		<< "float sampleRate;" << std::endl
+		<< "float sampleTime;" << std::endl
+		<< "int bufferSize;" << std::endl
+		<< "float inputs[" << NUM_ROWS << "][" << MAX_BUFFER_SIZE << "];" << std::endl
+		<< "float outputs[" << NUM_ROWS << "][" << MAX_BUFFER_SIZE << "];" << std::endl
+		<< "float knobs[" << NUM_ROWS << "];" << std::endl
+		<< "bool switches[" << NUM_ROWS << "];" << std::endl
+		<< "float lights[" << NUM_ROWS << "][3];" << std::endl
+		<< "float switchLights[" << NUM_ROWS << "][3];};]]" << std::endl
+		// Declares the function 'castBlock' used to transform the 'block' pointer into a LuaJIT cdata
+		<< "function castBlock(b) return ffi.cast('struct ProcessBlock*', b) end";
+		std::string ffi_script = ffi_stream.str();
+
+		// Compile the ffi script
+		if (luaL_loadbuffer(L, ffi_script.c_str(), ffi_script.size(), "ffi_script.lua")) {
+			const char* s = lua_tostring(L, -1);
+			WARN("LuaJIT: %s", s);
+			display(s);
+			lua_pop(L, 1);
+			return -1;
+		}
+
+		// Run the ffi script
+		if (lua_pcall(L, 0, 0, 0)) {
+			const char* s = lua_tostring(L, -1);
+			WARN("LuaJIT: %s", s);
+			display(s);
+			lua_pop(L, 1);
+			return -1;
+		}
+
+		// Compile user script
 		if (luaL_loadbuffer(L, script.c_str(), script.size(), path.c_str())) {
 			const char* s = lua_tostring(L, -1);
 			WARN("LuaJIT: %s", s);
@@ -104,125 +155,16 @@ struct LuaJITEngine : ScriptEngine {
 			return -1;
 		}
 
-		// FloatArray metatable
-		lua_newtable(L);
-		{
-			// __index
-			lua_pushcfunction(L, native_FloatArray_index);
-			lua_setfield(L, -2, "__index");
-			// __newindex
-			lua_pushcfunction(L, native_FloatArray_newindex);
-			lua_setfield(L, -2, "__newindex");
-			// __len
-			lua_pushcfunction(L, native_FloatArray_len);
-			lua_setfield(L, -2, "__len");
-		}
-		lua_setglobal(L, "FloatArray");
-
-		// BoolArray metatable
-		lua_newtable(L);
-		{
-			// __index
-			lua_pushcfunction(L, native_BoolArray_index);
-			lua_setfield(L, -2, "__index");
-			// __newindex
-			lua_pushcfunction(L, native_BoolArray_newindex);
-			lua_setfield(L, -2, "__newindex");
-			// __len
-			lua_pushcfunction(L, native_BoolArray_len);
-			lua_setfield(L, -2, "__len");
-		}
-		lua_setglobal(L, "BoolArray");
-
 		// Create block object
-		lua_newtable(L);
-		{
-			// inputs
-			lua_newtable(L);
-			for (int i = 0; i < NUM_ROWS; i++) {
-				SafeArray* input = (SafeArray*) lua_newuserdata(L, sizeof(SafeArray));
-				input->p = &block->inputs[i];
-				input->len = block->bufferSize;
-				lua_getglobal(L, "FloatArray");
-				lua_setmetatable(L, -2);
-				lua_rawseti(L, -2, i + 1);
-			}
-			lua_setfield(L, -2, "inputs");
-
-			// outputs
-			lua_newtable(L);
-			for (int i = 0; i < NUM_ROWS; i++) {
-				SafeArray* output = (SafeArray*) lua_newuserdata(L, sizeof(SafeArray));
-				output->p = &block->outputs[i];
-				output->len = block->bufferSize;
-				lua_getglobal(L, "FloatArray");
-				lua_setmetatable(L, -2);
-				lua_rawseti(L, -2, i + 1);
-			}
-			lua_setfield(L, -2, "outputs");
-
-			// knobs
-			SafeArray* knobs = (SafeArray*) lua_newuserdata(L, sizeof(SafeArray));
-			knobs->p = &block->knobs;
-			knobs->len = 6;
-			lua_getglobal(L, "FloatArray");
-			lua_setmetatable(L, -2);
-			lua_setfield(L, -2, "knobs");
-
-			// switches
-			SafeArray* switches = (SafeArray*) lua_newuserdata(L, sizeof(SafeArray));
-			switches->p = &block->switches;
-			switches->len = 6;
-			lua_getglobal(L, "BoolArray");
-			lua_setmetatable(L, -2);
-			lua_setfield(L, -2, "switches");
-
-			// lights
-			lua_newtable(L);
-			for (int i = 0; i < NUM_ROWS; i++) {
-				SafeArray* light = (SafeArray*) lua_newuserdata(L, sizeof(SafeArray));
-				light->p = &block->lights[i];
-				light->len = 3;
-				lua_getglobal(L, "FloatArray");
-				lua_setmetatable(L, -2);
-				lua_rawseti(L, -2, i + 1);
-			}
-			lua_setfield(L, -2, "lights");
-
-			// switchLights
-			lua_newtable(L);
-			for (int i = 0; i < NUM_ROWS; i++) {
-				SafeArray* switchLight = (SafeArray*) lua_newuserdata(L, sizeof(SafeArray));
-				switchLight->p = &block->switchLights[i];
-				switchLight->len = 3;
-				lua_getglobal(L, "FloatArray");
-				lua_setmetatable(L, -2);
-				lua_rawseti(L, -2, i + 1);
-			}
-			lua_setfield(L, -2, "switchLights");
-		}
+        lua_getglobal(L, "castBlock");
+        lua_pushlightuserdata(L, (void *)block);
+        if (lua_pcall(L, 1, 1, 0) != 0)
+            printf("error running function 'castBlock': %s", lua_tostring(L, -1));
 
 		return 0;
 	}
 
 	int process() override {
-		ProcessBlock* block = getProcessBlock();
-
-		// Set block
-		{
-			// sampleRate
-			lua_pushnumber(L, block->sampleRate);
-			lua_setfield(L, -2, "sampleRate");
-
-			// sampleTime
-			lua_pushnumber(L, block->sampleTime);
-			lua_setfield(L, -2, "sampleTime");
-
-			// bufferSize
-			lua_pushinteger(L, block->bufferSize);
-			lua_setfield(L, -2, "bufferSize");
-		}
-
 		// Duplicate process function
 		lua_pushvalue(L, -2);
 		// Duplicate block
@@ -264,62 +206,6 @@ struct LuaJITEngine : ScriptEngine {
 		getEngine(L)->display(s);
 		return 0;
 	}
-
-	static int native_FloatArray_index(lua_State* L) {
-		SafeArray* a = (SafeArray*) lua_touserdata(L, 1);
-		float* data = (float*) a->p;
-		size_t index = lua_tointeger(L, 2) - 1;
-		if (index >= a->len) {
-			lua_pushstring(L, "Array out of bounds");
-			lua_error(L);
-		}
-		lua_pushnumber(L, data[index]);
-		return 1;
-	}
-	static int native_FloatArray_newindex(lua_State* L) {
-		SafeArray* a = (SafeArray*) lua_touserdata(L, 1);
-		float* data = (float*) a->p;
-		size_t index = lua_tointeger(L, 2) - 1;
-		if (index >= a->len) {
-			lua_pushstring(L, "Array out of bounds");
-			lua_error(L);
-		}
-		data[index] = lua_tonumber(L, 3);
-		return 0;
-	}
-	static int native_FloatArray_len(lua_State* L) {
-		SafeArray* a = (SafeArray*) lua_touserdata(L, 1);
-		lua_pushinteger(L, a->len);
-		return 1;
-	}
-
-	static int native_BoolArray_index(lua_State* L) {
-		SafeArray* a = (SafeArray*) lua_touserdata(L, 1);
-		bool* data = (bool*) a->p;
-		size_t index = lua_tointeger(L, 2) - 1;
-		if (index >= a->len) {
-			lua_pushstring(L, "Array out of bounds");
-			lua_error(L);
-		}
-		lua_pushboolean(L, data[index]);
-		return 1;
-	}
-	static int native_BoolArray_newindex(lua_State* L) {
-		SafeArray* a = (SafeArray*) lua_touserdata(L, 1);
-		bool* data = (bool*) a->p;
-		size_t index = lua_tointeger(L, 2) - 1;
-		if (index >= a->len) {
-			lua_pushstring(L, "Array out of bounds");
-			lua_error(L);
-		}
-		data[index] = lua_toboolean(L, 3);
-		return 0;
-	}
-	static int native_BoolArray_len(lua_State* L) {
-		SafeArray* a = (SafeArray*) lua_touserdata(L, 1);
-		lua_pushinteger(L, a->len);
-		return 1;
-	}
 };
 
 

From 4caf611d2d5ed99769de6479b3ee3d85c0903018 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Leonardo Laguna Ruiz <modlfo@gmail.com>
Date: Mon, 13 Apr 2020 18:42:36 +0300
Subject: [PATCH 06/27] Reverts changes in the Lua examples to use the original
 1-based index

---
 examples/gain.lua    | 10 +++++-----
 examples/rainbow.lua |  6 +++---
 examples/vco.lua     |  8 ++++----
 3 files changed, 12 insertions(+), 12 deletions(-)

diff --git a/examples/gain.lua b/examples/gain.lua
index 01aae12..45e8d95 100644
--- a/examples/gain.lua
+++ b/examples/gain.lua
@@ -6,23 +6,23 @@ config.bufferSize = 32
 
 function process(block)
 	-- Loop through each column
-	for i=0,5 do
+	for i=1,6 do
 		-- Get gain knob
 		gain = block.knobs[i]
 		-- Set gain light (red = 1)
-		block.lights[i][0] = gain
+		block.lights[i][1] = gain
 		-- Check mute switch
 		if block.switches[i] then
 			-- Mute output
 			gain = 0
 			-- Enable mute light (red = 1)
-			block.switchLights[i][0] = 1
+			block.switchLights[i][1] = 1
 		else
 			-- Disable mute light
-			block.switchLights[i][0] = 0
+			block.switchLights[i][1] = 0
 		end
 		-- Iterate input/output buffer
-		for j=0,block.bufferSize-1 do
+		for j=1,block.bufferSize do
 			-- Get input
 			x = block.inputs[i][j]
 			-- Apply gain to input
diff --git a/examples/rainbow.lua b/examples/rainbow.lua
index 341447f..db8eadd 100644
--- a/examples/rainbow.lua
+++ b/examples/rainbow.lua
@@ -34,10 +34,10 @@ function process(block)
 		h = (1 - i / 6 + phase) % 1
 		rgb = hsvToRgb(h, 1, 1)
 		for c=1,3 do
-			block.lights[i-1][c-1] = rgb[c]
-			block.switchLights[i-1][c-1] = rgb[c]
+			block.lights[i][c] = rgb[c]
+			block.switchLights[i][c] = rgb[c]
 		end
-		block.outputs[i-1][0] = math.sin(2 * math.pi * h) * 5 + 5
+		block.outputs[i][1] = math.sin(2 * math.pi * h) * 5 + 5
 	end
 end
 
diff --git a/examples/vco.lua b/examples/vco.lua
index e39252b..5a274f6 100644
--- a/examples/vco.lua
+++ b/examples/vco.lua
@@ -9,10 +9,10 @@ config.bufferSize = 16
 phase = 0
 function process(block)
 	-- Knob ranges from -5 to 5 octaves
-	pitch = block.knobs[0] * 10 - 5
+	pitch = block.knobs[1] * 10 - 5
 	-- Input follows 1V/oct standard
 	-- Take the first input's first buffer value
-	pitch = pitch + block.inputs[0][0]
+	pitch = pitch + block.inputs[1][1]
 
 	-- The relationship between 1V/oct pitch and frequency is `freq = 2^pitch`.
 	-- Default frequency is middle C (C4) in Hz.
@@ -22,13 +22,13 @@ function process(block)
 
 	-- Set all samples in output buffer
 	deltaPhase = config.frameDivider * block.sampleTime * freq
-	for i=0,block.bufferSize-1 do
+	for i=1,block.bufferSize do
 		-- Accumulate phase
 		phase = phase + deltaPhase
 		-- Wrap phase around range [0, 1]
 		phase = phase % 1
 
 		-- Convert phase to sine output
-		block.outputs[0][i] = math.sin(2 * math.pi * phase) * 5
+		block.outputs[1][i] = math.sin(2 * math.pi * phase) * 5
 	end
 end
\ No newline at end of file

From 909d5d72414630e39f7034521c5b49ae29df974c Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Leonardo Laguna Ruiz <modlfo@gmail.com>
Date: Mon, 13 Apr 2020 18:46:47 +0300
Subject: [PATCH 07/27] Implements a copy of the ProccessBlock that is used to
 provide 1-based indices in the Lua VM and keep the speed of the FFI

---
 src/LuaJITEngine.cpp | 62 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++----------
 1 file changed, 48 insertions(+), 14 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/LuaJITEngine.cpp b/src/LuaJITEngine.cpp
index 28c6fcb..dee7d99 100644
--- a/src/LuaJITEngine.cpp
+++ b/src/LuaJITEngine.cpp
@@ -27,11 +27,22 @@ LUALIB_API void custom_openlibs(lua_State *L)
 struct LuaJITEngine : ScriptEngine {
 	lua_State* L = NULL;
 
-	struct SafeArray {
-		void* p;
-		size_t len;
+	// This is a mirror of ProcessBlock that we are going to use
+	// to provide 1-based indices within the Lua VM
+	struct LuaProcessBlock {
+		float sampleRate;
+		float sampleTime;
+		int bufferSize;
+		float* inputs[NUM_ROWS+1];
+		float* outputs[NUM_ROWS+1];
+		float* knobs;
+		bool* switches;
+		float* lights[NUM_ROWS+1];
+		float* switchLights[NUM_ROWS+1];
 	};
 
+	LuaProcessBlock block;
+
 	~LuaJITEngine() {
 		if (L)
 			lua_close(L);
@@ -42,7 +53,22 @@ struct LuaJITEngine : ScriptEngine {
 	}
 
 	int run(const std::string& path, const std::string& script) override {
-		ProcessBlock* block = getProcessBlock();
+		ProcessBlock* original_block = getProcessBlock();
+
+		block.sampleRate = original_block->sampleRate;
+		block.sampleTime = original_block->sampleTime;
+		block.bufferSize = original_block->bufferSize;
+
+		// Initialize all the pointers with an offset of -1
+		block.knobs = (float*)&(original_block->knobs[-1]);
+		block.switches = (bool*)&(original_block->switches[-1]);
+
+		for(int i = 1; i < NUM_ROWS + 1; i++) {
+			block.inputs[i] = (float*)&(original_block->inputs[i-1][-1]);
+			block.outputs[i] = (float*)&(original_block->outputs[i-1][-1]);
+			block.lights[i] = (float*)&(original_block->lights[i-1][-1]);
+			block.switchLights[i] = (float*)&(original_block->switchLights[i-1][-1]);
+		}
 
 		L = luaL_newstate();
 		if (!L) {
@@ -80,20 +106,21 @@ struct LuaJITEngine : ScriptEngine {
 		std::stringstream ffi_stream;
 		ffi_stream
 		<< "local ffi = require('ffi')" << std::endl
-		// Describes the struct 'ProcessBlock' that way LuaJIT knows how to access the data
+		// Describes the struct 'LuaProcessBlock' that way LuaJIT knows how to access the data
 		<< "ffi.cdef[[" << std::endl
-		<< "struct ProcessBlock {" << std::endl
+		<< "struct LuaProcessBlock {" << std::endl
 		<< "float sampleRate;" << std::endl
 		<< "float sampleTime;" << std::endl
 		<< "int bufferSize;" << std::endl
-		<< "float inputs[" << NUM_ROWS << "][" << MAX_BUFFER_SIZE << "];" << std::endl
-		<< "float outputs[" << NUM_ROWS << "][" << MAX_BUFFER_SIZE << "];" << std::endl
-		<< "float knobs[" << NUM_ROWS << "];" << std::endl
-		<< "bool switches[" << NUM_ROWS << "];" << std::endl
-		<< "float lights[" << NUM_ROWS << "][3];" << std::endl
-		<< "float switchLights[" << NUM_ROWS << "][3];};]]" << std::endl
+		<< "float *inputs[" << NUM_ROWS + 1 << "];" << std::endl
+		<< "float *outputs[" << NUM_ROWS + 1 << "];" << std::endl
+		<< "float *knobs;" << std::endl
+		<< "bool *switches;" << std::endl
+		<< "float *lights[" << NUM_ROWS + 1 << "];" << std::endl
+		<< "float *switchLights[" << NUM_ROWS + 1 << "];" << std::endl
+		<<"};]]" << std::endl
 		// Declares the function 'castBlock' used to transform the 'block' pointer into a LuaJIT cdata
-		<< "function castBlock(b) return ffi.cast('struct ProcessBlock*', b) end";
+		<< "function castBlock(b) return ffi.cast('struct LuaProcessBlock*', b) end";
 		std::string ffi_script = ffi_stream.str();
 
 		// Compile the ffi script
@@ -157,7 +184,7 @@ struct LuaJITEngine : ScriptEngine {
 
 		// Create block object
         lua_getglobal(L, "castBlock");
-        lua_pushlightuserdata(L, (void *)block);
+        lua_pushlightuserdata(L, (void *)&block);
         if (lua_pcall(L, 1, 1, 0) != 0)
             printf("error running function 'castBlock': %s", lua_tostring(L, -1));
 
@@ -165,6 +192,13 @@ struct LuaJITEngine : ScriptEngine {
 	}
 
 	int process() override {
+		ProcessBlock* original_block = getProcessBlock();
+
+		// Update the values of the block (the pointers should not change)
+		block.sampleRate = original_block->sampleRate;
+		block.sampleTime = original_block->sampleTime;
+		block.bufferSize = original_block->bufferSize;
+
 		// Duplicate process function
 		lua_pushvalue(L, -2);
 		// Duplicate block

From c823845e7abfab0a79a715e3cf5325e540ee1d94 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Andrew Belt <andrewpbelt@gmail.com>
Date: Thu, 25 Jun 2020 11:33:05 -0400
Subject: [PATCH 08/27] LuaJIT: Clean up code and organization.

---
 src/LuaJITEngine.cpp | 108 +++++++++++++++++++++----------------------
 1 file changed, 53 insertions(+), 55 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/LuaJITEngine.cpp b/src/LuaJITEngine.cpp
index dee7d99..dc0dada 100644
--- a/src/LuaJITEngine.cpp
+++ b/src/LuaJITEngine.cpp
@@ -1,28 +1,6 @@
 #include "ScriptEngine.hpp"
 #include <luajit-2.0/lua.hpp>
 
-static const luaL_Reg lj_lib_load[] = {
-    { "",              luaopen_base },
-    { LUA_LOADLIBNAME, luaopen_package },
-    { LUA_TABLIBNAME,  luaopen_table },
-    { LUA_STRLIBNAME,  luaopen_string },
-    { LUA_MATHLIBNAME, luaopen_math },
-    { LUA_BITLIBNAME,  luaopen_bit },
-    { LUA_JITLIBNAME,  luaopen_jit },
-    { LUA_FFILIBNAME,  luaopen_ffi },
-    { NULL,            NULL }
-};
-
-LUALIB_API void custom_openlibs(lua_State *L)
-{
-    const luaL_Reg *lib;
-    for (lib = lj_lib_load; lib->func; lib++) {
-    	lua_pushcfunction(L, lib->func);
-    	lua_pushstring(L, lib->name);
-    	lua_call(L, 1, 0);
-  	}
-  	lua_pop(L, 1);
-}
 
 struct LuaJITEngine : ScriptEngine {
 	lua_State* L = NULL;
@@ -33,15 +11,15 @@ struct LuaJITEngine : ScriptEngine {
 		float sampleRate;
 		float sampleTime;
 		int bufferSize;
-		float* inputs[NUM_ROWS+1];
-		float* outputs[NUM_ROWS+1];
+		float* inputs[NUM_ROWS + 1];
+		float* outputs[NUM_ROWS + 1];
 		float* knobs;
 		bool* switches;
-		float* lights[NUM_ROWS+1];
-		float* switchLights[NUM_ROWS+1];
+		float* lights[NUM_ROWS + 1];
+		float* switchLights[NUM_ROWS + 1];
 	};
 
-	LuaProcessBlock block;
+	LuaProcessBlock luaBlock;
 
 	~LuaJITEngine() {
 		if (L)
@@ -53,22 +31,21 @@ struct LuaJITEngine : ScriptEngine {
 	}
 
 	int run(const std::string& path, const std::string& script) override {
-		ProcessBlock* original_block = getProcessBlock();
-
-		block.sampleRate = original_block->sampleRate;
-		block.sampleTime = original_block->sampleTime;
-		block.bufferSize = original_block->bufferSize;
+		ProcessBlock* block = getProcessBlock();
 
 		// Initialize all the pointers with an offset of -1
-		block.knobs = (float*)&(original_block->knobs[-1]);
-		block.switches = (bool*)&(original_block->switches[-1]);
-
-		for(int i = 1; i < NUM_ROWS + 1; i++) {
-			block.inputs[i] = (float*)&(original_block->inputs[i-1][-1]);
-			block.outputs[i] = (float*)&(original_block->outputs[i-1][-1]);
-			block.lights[i] = (float*)&(original_block->lights[i-1][-1]);
-			block.switchLights[i] = (float*)&(original_block->switchLights[i-1][-1]);
+#pragma GCC diagnostic push
+#pragma GCC diagnostic ignored "-Warray-bounds"
+		luaBlock.knobs = &block->knobs[-1];
+		luaBlock.switches = &block->switches[-1];
+
+		for (int i = 0; i < NUM_ROWS; i++) {
+			luaBlock.inputs[i + 1] = &block->inputs[i][-1];
+			luaBlock.outputs[i + 1] = &block->outputs[i][-1];
+			luaBlock.lights[i + 1] = &block->lights[i][-1];
+			luaBlock.switchLights[i + 1] = &block->switchLights[i][-1];
 		}
+#pragma GCC diagnostic pop
 
 		L = luaL_newstate();
 		if (!L) {
@@ -77,7 +54,22 @@ struct LuaJITEngine : ScriptEngine {
 		}
 
 		// Import a subset of the standard library
-		custom_openlibs(L);
+		static const luaL_Reg lj_lib_load[] = {
+			{"",              luaopen_base},
+			{LUA_LOADLIBNAME, luaopen_package},
+			{LUA_TABLIBNAME,  luaopen_table},
+			{LUA_STRLIBNAME,  luaopen_string},
+			{LUA_MATHLIBNAME, luaopen_math},
+			{LUA_BITLIBNAME,  luaopen_bit},
+			{LUA_JITLIBNAME,  luaopen_jit},
+			{LUA_FFILIBNAME,  luaopen_ffi},
+			{NULL,            NULL}
+		};
+		for (const luaL_Reg* lib = lj_lib_load; lib->func; lib++) {
+			lua_pushcfunction(L, lib->func);
+			lua_pushstring(L, lib->name);
+			lua_call(L, 1, 0);
+		}
 
 		// Set user pointer
 		lua_pushlightuserdata(L, this);
@@ -102,11 +94,11 @@ struct LuaJITEngine : ScriptEngine {
 		}
 		lua_setglobal(L, "config");
 
-		// Loads the FFI auxiliary functions.
+		// Load the FFI auxiliary functions.
 		std::stringstream ffi_stream;
 		ffi_stream
 		<< "local ffi = require('ffi')" << std::endl
-		// Describes the struct 'LuaProcessBlock' that way LuaJIT knows how to access the data
+		// Describe the struct `LuaProcessBlock` so that LuaJIT knows how to access the data
 		<< "ffi.cdef[[" << std::endl
 		<< "struct LuaProcessBlock {" << std::endl
 		<< "float sampleRate;" << std::endl
@@ -118,9 +110,9 @@ struct LuaJITEngine : ScriptEngine {
 		<< "bool *switches;" << std::endl
 		<< "float *lights[" << NUM_ROWS + 1 << "];" << std::endl
 		<< "float *switchLights[" << NUM_ROWS + 1 << "];" << std::endl
-		<<"};]]" << std::endl
-		// Declares the function 'castBlock' used to transform the 'block' pointer into a LuaJIT cdata
-		<< "function castBlock(b) return ffi.cast('struct LuaProcessBlock*', b) end";
+		<< "};]]" << std::endl
+		// Declare the function `_castBlock` used to transform `luaBlock` pointer into a LuaJIT cdata
+		<< "function _castBlock(b) return ffi.cast('struct LuaProcessBlock*', b) end";
 		std::string ffi_script = ffi_stream.str();
 
 		// Compile the ffi script
@@ -183,21 +175,27 @@ struct LuaJITEngine : ScriptEngine {
 		}
 
 		// Create block object
-        lua_getglobal(L, "castBlock");
-        lua_pushlightuserdata(L, (void *)&block);
-        if (lua_pcall(L, 1, 1, 0) != 0)
-            printf("error running function 'castBlock': %s", lua_tostring(L, -1));
+		lua_getglobal(L, "_castBlock");
+		lua_pushlightuserdata(L, (void*) &luaBlock);
+		if (lua_pcall(L, 1, 1, 0)) {
+			const char* s = lua_tostring(L, -1);
+			WARN("LuaJIT: Error casting block: %s", s);
+			display(s);
+			lua_pop(L, 1);
+			return -1;
+		}
 
 		return 0;
 	}
 
 	int process() override {
-		ProcessBlock* original_block = getProcessBlock();
+		ProcessBlock* block = getProcessBlock();
 
-		// Update the values of the block (the pointers should not change)
-		block.sampleRate = original_block->sampleRate;
-		block.sampleTime = original_block->sampleTime;
-		block.bufferSize = original_block->bufferSize;
+		// Update the values of the block.
+		// The pointer values do not change.
+		luaBlock.sampleRate = block->sampleRate;
+		luaBlock.sampleTime = block->sampleTime;
+		luaBlock.bufferSize = block->bufferSize;
 
 		// Duplicate process function
 		lua_pushvalue(L, -2);

From 165693b0dedbd6dbc4ddf4f37746ea992098b108 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Leonardo Laguna Ruiz <modlfo@gmail.com>
Date: Fri, 17 Apr 2020 22:11:12 +0300
Subject: [PATCH 09/27] Add support for Vult scripts

---
 Makefile            |  18 ++++++
 README.md           |   5 ++
 examples/basic.vult |  83 ++++++++++++++++++++++++
 examples/synth.vult |  80 +++++++++++++++++++++++
 examples/vco.vult   |  45 +++++++++++++
 src/VultEngine.cpp  | 153 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 6 files changed, 384 insertions(+)
 create mode 100644 examples/basic.vult
 create mode 100644 examples/synth.vult
 create mode 100644 examples/vco.vult
 create mode 100644 src/VultEngine.cpp

diff --git a/Makefile b/Makefile
index 8cd8e9f..d8646a5 100644
--- a/Makefile
+++ b/Makefile
@@ -18,6 +18,13 @@ QUICKJS ?= 1
 LUAJIT ?= 1
 PYTHON ?= 0
 SUPERCOLLIDER ?= 0
+VULT ?= 1
+
+# Vult depends on both LuaJIT and QuickJS
+ifeq ($(VULT), 1)
+QUICKJS = 1
+LUAJIT = 1
+endif
 
 # Entropia File System Watcher
 efsw := dep/lib/libefsw-static-release.a
@@ -186,5 +193,16 @@ endif
 # 	cd dep/llvm-8.0.1.src/build && $(MAKE)
 # 	cd dep/llvm-8.0.1.src/build && $(MAKE) install
 
+# Vult
+ifeq ($(VULT), 1)
+SOURCES += src/VultEngine.cpp
+vult := dep/vult/vultc.h
+$(vult):
+	cd dep && mkdir -p vult
+	cd dep/vult && $(WGET) "https://github.com/modlfo/vult/releases/download/v0.4.9/vultc.h"
+	$(SHA256) $(vult) 73f53e7595d515ae87fe1c89925e17cd86c2ac75b73b48fa502a2fb0fd1d4847
+FLAGS += -Idep/vult
+DEPS += $(vult)
+endif
 
 include $(RACK_DIR)/plugin.mk
diff --git a/README.md b/README.md
index d206ef3..625daaf 100644
--- a/README.md
+++ b/README.md
@@ -9,6 +9,8 @@ Scripting language host for [VCV Rack](https://vcvrack.com/) containing:
 
 Supported scripting languages:
 - JavaScript (.js)
+- Lua (.lua)
+- [Vult](https://github.com/modlfo/vult) (.vult)
 - [Add your own below](#adding-a-script-engine)
 
 [Discussion thread](https://community.vcvrack.com/t/vcv-prototype/3271)
@@ -89,6 +91,8 @@ function process(block) {
 }
 ```
 
+The Vult API is slightly different from the JavaScript version. Check the Vult examples included with the plugin to learn how to use the language with the VCV-Prototype plugin.
+
 ## Build dependencies
 
 ### Windows
@@ -125,4 +129,5 @@ sudo pacman -S premake
 - [Wes Milholen](https://grayscale.info/): panel design
 - [Andrew Belt](https://github.com/AndrewBelt): host code, Duktape (JavaScript, disabled), LuaJIT (Lua), Python (in development)
 - [Jerry Sievert](https://github.com/JerrySievert): QuickJS (JavaScript)
+- [Leonardo Laguna Ruiz](https://github.com/modlfo): Vult
 - add your name here
diff --git a/examples/basic.vult b/examples/basic.vult
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f77c865
--- /dev/null
+++ b/examples/basic.vult
@@ -0,0 +1,83 @@
+/*
+ Vult API documentation.
+
+ Author: Leonardo Laguna Ruiz - leonardo@vult-dsp.com
+
+ The main difference of the Vult API compared to the JavaScript and Lua is that all interactions
+ happen through functions rather than accessing to the block arrays.
+
+ A Vult script requires the following two functions:
+
+ fun process() { }
+ and update() { }
+
+ The 'process' function is called every audio sample. As inputs, it will receive the values from
+ the input jacks but normalized to 1.0. This means that a value of 10.0 V in VCV Rack is received
+ as 1.0. Similarly, when you return a value of 1.0 it will be output by the prototype as 10.0V.
+
+ You can use the input and output jacks by adding or removing arguments to the function. For example,
+ to pass all the inputs to the outputs you can declare the function as follows:
+
+ fun process(i1, i2, i3, i4, i5, i6) {
+     return i1, i2, i3, i4, i5, i6;
+ }
+
+ The 'update' function is called once every 32 samples. You can use this function to perform actions
+ that do not require audio rate speed e.g. setting light colors or displying characters in the screen.
+ The function 'update' do not takes or returns any value.
+
+ Important: Notice that the 'update' function is declared with the keyword 'and'. In Vult language,
+ this means that they share context. At the moment, declaring them differently could have an undefined
+ behavior.
+
+ To interact with knobs, switches, lights the following builtin functions are provided.
+ NOTE: the knobs, switches and lights are numbered from 1 to 6
+
+ getKnob(n:int) : real // value of the nth knob range: 0.0-1.0
+ getSwitch(n:int) : bool // value of the nth switch: true/false
+
+ setLight(n:int, r:real, g:real, b:real) // r, g, b range: 0.0-1.0
+ setSwitchLight(n:int, r:real, g:real, b:real) // r, g, b range: 0.0-1.0
+
+ samplerate() : real  // current sample rate
+ sampletime() : real  // current time step (1.0 / samplerate())
+ display(text:string) // display text in the screen
+
+ */
+
+
+// Returns the r,g,b values for a given voltage
+fun getRGB(v) {
+    if (v > 0.0)
+        return v, 0.0, 0.0;
+    else
+        return 0.0, -v, 0.0;
+}
+
+// Takes two inputs and returns the result of different operations on them
+fun process(in1, in2) {
+    // theses are declared as 'mem' so we can remember them  and use them in 'update'
+    mem sum = clip(in1 + in2, -1.0, 1.0); // use 'clip' to keep the signals in the specified range
+    mem sub = clip(in1 - in2, -1.0, 1.0);
+    mem mul = clip(in1 * in2, -1.0, 1.0);
+    return sum, sub, mul;
+}
+and update() {
+    _ = display("Add two LFO to IN1 and IN2");
+    val r, g, b;
+    // Set the light no 1 with the 'sum' value
+    r, g, b = getRGB(sum);
+    _ = setLight(1, r, g, b);
+    _ = setSwitchLight(1, r, g, b);
+
+    // Set the light no 2 with the 'sub' value
+    r, g, b = getRGB(sub);
+    _ = setLight(2, r, g, b);
+    _ = setSwitchLight(2, r, g, b);
+
+    // Set the light no 2 with the 'mul' value
+    r, g, b = getRGB(mul);
+    _ = setLight(3, r, g, b);
+    _ = setSwitchLight(3, r, g, b);
+
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/examples/synth.vult b/examples/synth.vult
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0042632
--- /dev/null
+++ b/examples/synth.vult
@@ -0,0 +1,80 @@
+/*
+
+Simple synthesizer with one oscillator, LFO and envelope.
+
+Author: Leonardo Laguna Ruiz - leonardo@vult-dsp.com
+
+Check the API documentation in the basic.vult example
+
+*/
+
+fun env(gate) {
+   mem x;
+   val k = if gate > x then 0.05 else 0.0002;
+   x = x + (gate - x) * k;
+   return x;
+}
+
+fun edge(x):bool {
+    mem pre_x;
+    val v:bool = (pre_x <> x) && (pre_x == false);
+    pre_x = x;
+    return v;
+}
+
+fun pitchToFreq(cv) {
+   return 261.6256 * exp(cv * 0.69314718056);
+}
+
+fun phasor(pitch, reset){
+    mem phase;
+    val rate = pitchToFreq(pitch) * sampletime();
+    phase = phase + rate;
+    if(phase > 1.0)
+        phase = phase - 1.0;
+    if(reset)
+        phase = 0.0;
+    return phase;
+}
+
+fun oscillator(pitch, mod) {
+   mem pre_phase1;
+   // Implements the resonant filter simulation as shown in
+   // http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phase_distortion_synthesis
+   val phase1 = phasor(pitch, false);
+   val comp   = 1.0 - phase1;
+   val reset  = edge((pre_phase1 - phase1) > 0.5);
+   pre_phase1 = phase1;
+   val phase2 = phasor(pitch + mod, reset);
+   val sine  = sin(2.0 * pi() * phase2);
+   return sine * comp;
+}
+
+fun lfo(f, gate){
+    mem phase;
+    val rate = f * 10.0 * sampletime();
+    if(edge(gate > 0.0))
+        phase = 0.0;
+    phase = phase + rate;
+    if(phase > 1.0)
+        phase = phase - 1.0;
+    return sin(phase * 2.0 * pi()) - 0.5;
+}
+
+// Main processing function
+fun process(cv, gate){
+   // LFO
+   val lfo_rate = getKnob(3);
+   val lfo_amt = getKnob(4);
+   val lfo_val = lfo(lfo_rate, gate) * lfo_amt;
+   // Oscillator
+   val pitch = getKnob(1) + 10.0 * cv - 2.0;
+   val mod = getKnob(2) * 2.0 + lfo_val;
+   val o = oscillator(pitch, mod);
+   // Envelope
+   val e = env(gate);
+   return o * e;
+}
+and update() {
+    _ = display("IN1: CV, IN2: GATE");
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/examples/vco.vult b/examples/vco.vult
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..9b8155e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/examples/vco.vult
@@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
+
+/*
+
+Simple wave table VCO.
+
+Author: Leonardo Laguna Ruiz - leonardo@vult-dsp.com
+
+Check the API documentation in the basic.vult example
+
+*/
+
+fun pitchToFreq(cv) @[table(size=128, min=-10.0, max=10.0)] {
+   return 261.6256 * exp(cv * 0.69314718056);
+}
+
+// Generates (at compile time) a wave table based on the provided harmonics
+// To change the wave table, change the 'harmonics' array
+fun wavetable(phase) @[table(size=128, min=0.0, max=1.0)] {
+   val harmonics = [0.0, 1.0, 0.7, 0.5, 0.3];
+   val n = size(harmonics);
+   val acc = 0.0;
+   val i = 0;
+   while(i < n) {
+      acc = acc + harmonics[i] * sin(2.0 * pi() * real(i) * phase);
+      i = i + 1;
+   }
+   return acc / sqrt(real(n));
+}
+
+fun process(input_cv:real) {
+   mem phase;
+   val knob_cv = getKnob(1) - 0.5;
+   val cv = 10.0 * (input_cv + knob_cv);
+   val freq = pitchToFreq(cv);
+   val delta = sampletime() * freq;
+   phase = phase + delta;
+   if(phase > 1.0) {
+      phase = phase - 1.0;
+   }
+
+   return wavetable(phase);
+}
+and update() {
+
+}
diff --git a/src/VultEngine.cpp b/src/VultEngine.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c454b0d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/VultEngine.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,153 @@
+#include "ScriptEngine.hpp"
+#include "vultc.h"
+#include <quickjs/quickjs.h>
+
+/* The Vult engine relies on both QuickJS and LuaJIT.
+ *
+ * The compiler is written in OCaml but converted to JavaScript. The JavaScript
+ * code is embedded as a string and executed by the QuickJs engine. The Vult
+ * compiler generates Lua code that is executed by the LuaJIT engine.
+ */
+
+extern std::map<std::string, ScriptEngineFactory *> scriptEngineFactories;
+// Special version of createScriptEngine that only creates Lua engines
+ScriptEngine *createLuaEngine() {
+  auto it = scriptEngineFactories.find("lua");
+  if (it == scriptEngineFactories.end())
+    return NULL;
+  return it->second->createScriptEngine();
+}
+
+struct VultEngine : ScriptEngine {
+
+  // used to run the lua generated code
+  ScriptEngine *luaEngine;
+
+  // used to run the Vult compiler
+  JSRuntime *rt = NULL;
+  JSContext *ctx = NULL;
+
+  VultEngine() {
+    rt = JS_NewRuntime();
+    // Create QuickJS context
+    ctx = JS_NewContext(rt);
+    if (!ctx) {
+      display("Could not create QuickJS context");
+      return;
+    }
+
+    JSValue global_obj = JS_GetGlobalObject(ctx);
+
+    // Load the Vult compiler code
+    JSValue val =
+        JS_Eval(ctx, (const char *)vultc_h, vultc_h_size, "vultc.js", 0);
+    if (JS_IsException(val)) {
+      display("Error loading the Vult compiler");
+      JS_FreeValue(ctx, val);
+      JS_FreeValue(ctx, global_obj);
+      return;
+    }
+  }
+
+  ~VultEngine() {
+    if (ctx) {
+      JS_FreeContext(ctx);
+    }
+    if (rt) {
+      JS_FreeRuntime(rt);
+    }
+  }
+
+  std::string getEngineName() override { return "Vult"; }
+
+  int run(const std::string &path, const std::string &script) override {
+    display("Loading...");
+
+    JSValue global_obj = JS_GetGlobalObject(ctx);
+
+    // Put the script text in the 'code' variable
+    JSValue code = JS_NewString(ctx, script.c_str());
+    JS_SetPropertyStr(ctx, global_obj, "code", code);
+
+    // Put the script path in 'file' variable
+    JSValue file = JS_NewString(ctx, path.c_str());
+    JS_SetPropertyStr(ctx, global_obj, "file", file);
+
+    display("Compiling...");
+    // Call the Vult compiler to generate Lua code
+    static const std::string testVult = R"(
+    var result = vult.generateLua([{ file:file, code:code}],{ output:'Engine', template:'vcv-prototype'});)";
+
+    JSValue compile =
+        JS_Eval(ctx, testVult.c_str(), testVult.size(), "Compile", 0);
+
+    JS_FreeValue(ctx, code);
+    JS_FreeValue(ctx, file);
+
+    // If there are any internal errors, the execution could fail
+    if (JS_IsException(compile)) {
+      display("Fatal error in the Vult compiler");
+      JS_FreeValue(ctx, global_obj);
+      return -1;
+    }
+
+    // Retrive the variable 'result'
+    JSValue result = JS_GetPropertyStr(ctx, global_obj, "result");
+    // Get the first element of the 'result' array
+    JSValue first = JS_GetPropertyUint32(ctx, result, 0);
+    // Try to get the 'msg' field which is only present in error messages
+    JSValue msg = JS_GetPropertyStr(ctx, first, "msg");
+    // Display the error if any
+    if (!JS_IsUndefined(msg)) {
+      const char *text = JS_ToCString(ctx, msg);
+      const char *row =
+          JS_ToCString(ctx, JS_GetPropertyStr(ctx, first, "line"));
+      const char *col = JS_ToCString(ctx, JS_GetPropertyStr(ctx, first, "col"));
+      // Compose the error message
+      std::stringstream error;
+      error << "line:" << row << ":" << col << ": " << text;
+      WARN("Vult Error: %s", error.str().c_str());
+      display(error.str().c_str());
+
+      JS_FreeValue(ctx, result);
+      JS_FreeValue(ctx, first);
+      JS_FreeValue(ctx, msg);
+      return -1;
+    }
+    // In case of no error, retrieve the generated code
+    JSValue luacode = JS_GetPropertyStr(ctx, first, "code");
+    std::string luacode_str(JS_ToCString(ctx, luacode));
+
+    //WARN("Generated Code: %s", luacode_str.c_str());
+
+    luaEngine = createLuaEngine();
+
+    if (!luaEngine) {
+      WARN("Could not create a Lua script engine");
+      return -1;
+    }
+
+    luaEngine->module = this->module;
+
+    display("Running...");
+
+    JS_FreeValue(ctx, luacode);
+    JS_FreeValue(ctx, first);
+    JS_FreeValue(ctx, msg);
+    JS_FreeValue(ctx, msg);
+    JS_FreeValue(ctx, global_obj);
+
+    return luaEngine->run(path, luacode_str);
+  }
+
+  int process() override {
+    if (luaEngine)
+      return luaEngine->process();
+    else
+      return 0;
+  }
+};
+
+__attribute__((constructor(1000))) static void constructor() {
+  addScriptEngine<VultEngine>("vult");
+}

From a4d9b387c37bcfd4e313b16eeedefdf527e2eb21 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Leonardo <modlfo@gmail.com>
Date: Mon, 20 Apr 2020 18:47:33 +0300
Subject: [PATCH 10/27] Fixes the vultc.h checksum

---
 Makefile | 2 +-
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/Makefile b/Makefile
index d8646a5..8d01326 100644
--- a/Makefile
+++ b/Makefile
@@ -200,7 +200,7 @@ vult := dep/vult/vultc.h
 $(vult):
 	cd dep && mkdir -p vult
 	cd dep/vult && $(WGET) "https://github.com/modlfo/vult/releases/download/v0.4.9/vultc.h"
-	$(SHA256) $(vult) 73f53e7595d515ae87fe1c89925e17cd86c2ac75b73b48fa502a2fb0fd1d4847
+	$(SHA256) $(vult) 91f575afd2913d0879df90ee666021065ad726372f0bd306198024dc771cce55
 FLAGS += -Idep/vult
 DEPS += $(vult)
 endif

From c6594800997016bc14bde7d193d69aa18aeba094 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Andrew Belt <andrewpbelt@gmail.com>
Date: Thu, 25 Jun 2020 13:03:05 -0400
Subject: [PATCH 11/27] Vult: Clean up code and auto-format.

---
 Makefile            |   4 +-
 README.md           |   9 +-
 examples/basic.vult |  83 --------------
 src/VultEngine.cpp  | 263 ++++++++++++++++++++++----------------------
 4 files changed, 139 insertions(+), 220 deletions(-)
 delete mode 100644 examples/basic.vult

diff --git a/Makefile b/Makefile
index 8d01326..0c0cc98 100644
--- a/Makefile
+++ b/Makefile
@@ -22,8 +22,8 @@ VULT ?= 1
 
 # Vult depends on both LuaJIT and QuickJS
 ifeq ($(VULT), 1)
-QUICKJS = 1
-LUAJIT = 1
+QUICKJS := 1
+LUAJIT := 1
 endif
 
 # Entropia File System Watcher
diff --git a/README.md b/README.md
index 625daaf..268cc6c 100644
--- a/README.md
+++ b/README.md
@@ -8,8 +8,8 @@ Scripting language host for [VCV Rack](https://vcvrack.com/) containing:
 - 6 switches with RGB LEDs
 
 Supported scripting languages:
-- JavaScript (.js)
-- Lua (.lua)
+- JavaScript (ES2020) (.js)
+- [Lua](https://www.lua.org/) (.lua)
 - [Vult](https://github.com/modlfo/vult) (.vult)
 - [Add your own below](#adding-a-script-engine)
 
@@ -91,7 +91,8 @@ function process(block) {
 }
 ```
 
-The Vult API is slightly different from the JavaScript version. Check the Vult examples included with the plugin to learn how to use the language with the VCV-Prototype plugin.
+*The Vult API is slightly different than Prototype's scripting API.
+See `examples/template.vult` for a reference of the Vult API.*
 
 ## Build dependencies
 
@@ -127,7 +128,7 @@ sudo pacman -S premake
 ## Contributors
 
 - [Wes Milholen](https://grayscale.info/): panel design
-- [Andrew Belt](https://github.com/AndrewBelt): host code, Duktape (JavaScript, disabled), LuaJIT (Lua), Python (in development)
+- [Andrew Belt](https://github.com/AndrewBelt): host code, Duktape (JavaScript, not used), LuaJIT (Lua), Python (in development)
 - [Jerry Sievert](https://github.com/JerrySievert): QuickJS (JavaScript)
 - [Leonardo Laguna Ruiz](https://github.com/modlfo): Vult
 - add your name here
diff --git a/examples/basic.vult b/examples/basic.vult
deleted file mode 100644
index f77c865..0000000
--- a/examples/basic.vult
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,83 +0,0 @@
-/*
- Vult API documentation.
-
- Author: Leonardo Laguna Ruiz - leonardo@vult-dsp.com
-
- The main difference of the Vult API compared to the JavaScript and Lua is that all interactions
- happen through functions rather than accessing to the block arrays.
-
- A Vult script requires the following two functions:
-
- fun process() { }
- and update() { }
-
- The 'process' function is called every audio sample. As inputs, it will receive the values from
- the input jacks but normalized to 1.0. This means that a value of 10.0 V in VCV Rack is received
- as 1.0. Similarly, when you return a value of 1.0 it will be output by the prototype as 10.0V.
-
- You can use the input and output jacks by adding or removing arguments to the function. For example,
- to pass all the inputs to the outputs you can declare the function as follows:
-
- fun process(i1, i2, i3, i4, i5, i6) {
-     return i1, i2, i3, i4, i5, i6;
- }
-
- The 'update' function is called once every 32 samples. You can use this function to perform actions
- that do not require audio rate speed e.g. setting light colors or displying characters in the screen.
- The function 'update' do not takes or returns any value.
-
- Important: Notice that the 'update' function is declared with the keyword 'and'. In Vult language,
- this means that they share context. At the moment, declaring them differently could have an undefined
- behavior.
-
- To interact with knobs, switches, lights the following builtin functions are provided.
- NOTE: the knobs, switches and lights are numbered from 1 to 6
-
- getKnob(n:int) : real // value of the nth knob range: 0.0-1.0
- getSwitch(n:int) : bool // value of the nth switch: true/false
-
- setLight(n:int, r:real, g:real, b:real) // r, g, b range: 0.0-1.0
- setSwitchLight(n:int, r:real, g:real, b:real) // r, g, b range: 0.0-1.0
-
- samplerate() : real  // current sample rate
- sampletime() : real  // current time step (1.0 / samplerate())
- display(text:string) // display text in the screen
-
- */
-
-
-// Returns the r,g,b values for a given voltage
-fun getRGB(v) {
-    if (v > 0.0)
-        return v, 0.0, 0.0;
-    else
-        return 0.0, -v, 0.0;
-}
-
-// Takes two inputs and returns the result of different operations on them
-fun process(in1, in2) {
-    // theses are declared as 'mem' so we can remember them  and use them in 'update'
-    mem sum = clip(in1 + in2, -1.0, 1.0); // use 'clip' to keep the signals in the specified range
-    mem sub = clip(in1 - in2, -1.0, 1.0);
-    mem mul = clip(in1 * in2, -1.0, 1.0);
-    return sum, sub, mul;
-}
-and update() {
-    _ = display("Add two LFO to IN1 and IN2");
-    val r, g, b;
-    // Set the light no 1 with the 'sum' value
-    r, g, b = getRGB(sum);
-    _ = setLight(1, r, g, b);
-    _ = setSwitchLight(1, r, g, b);
-
-    // Set the light no 2 with the 'sub' value
-    r, g, b = getRGB(sub);
-    _ = setLight(2, r, g, b);
-    _ = setSwitchLight(2, r, g, b);
-
-    // Set the light no 2 with the 'mul' value
-    r, g, b = getRGB(mul);
-    _ = setLight(3, r, g, b);
-    _ = setSwitchLight(3, r, g, b);
-
-}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/src/VultEngine.cpp b/src/VultEngine.cpp
index c454b0d..4370f53 100644
--- a/src/VultEngine.cpp
+++ b/src/VultEngine.cpp
@@ -9,145 +9,146 @@
  * compiler generates Lua code that is executed by the LuaJIT engine.
  */
 
-extern std::map<std::string, ScriptEngineFactory *> scriptEngineFactories;
 // Special version of createScriptEngine that only creates Lua engines
-ScriptEngine *createLuaEngine() {
-  auto it = scriptEngineFactories.find("lua");
-  if (it == scriptEngineFactories.end())
-    return NULL;
-  return it->second->createScriptEngine();
+ScriptEngine* createLuaEngine() {
+	auto it = scriptEngineFactories.find("lua");
+	if (it == scriptEngineFactories.end())
+		return NULL;
+	return it->second->createScriptEngine();
 }
 
 struct VultEngine : ScriptEngine {
 
-  // used to run the lua generated code
-  ScriptEngine *luaEngine;
-
-  // used to run the Vult compiler
-  JSRuntime *rt = NULL;
-  JSContext *ctx = NULL;
-
-  VultEngine() {
-    rt = JS_NewRuntime();
-    // Create QuickJS context
-    ctx = JS_NewContext(rt);
-    if (!ctx) {
-      display("Could not create QuickJS context");
-      return;
-    }
-
-    JSValue global_obj = JS_GetGlobalObject(ctx);
-
-    // Load the Vult compiler code
-    JSValue val =
-        JS_Eval(ctx, (const char *)vultc_h, vultc_h_size, "vultc.js", 0);
-    if (JS_IsException(val)) {
-      display("Error loading the Vult compiler");
-      JS_FreeValue(ctx, val);
-      JS_FreeValue(ctx, global_obj);
-      return;
-    }
-  }
-
-  ~VultEngine() {
-    if (ctx) {
-      JS_FreeContext(ctx);
-    }
-    if (rt) {
-      JS_FreeRuntime(rt);
-    }
-  }
-
-  std::string getEngineName() override { return "Vult"; }
-
-  int run(const std::string &path, const std::string &script) override {
-    display("Loading...");
-
-    JSValue global_obj = JS_GetGlobalObject(ctx);
-
-    // Put the script text in the 'code' variable
-    JSValue code = JS_NewString(ctx, script.c_str());
-    JS_SetPropertyStr(ctx, global_obj, "code", code);
-
-    // Put the script path in 'file' variable
-    JSValue file = JS_NewString(ctx, path.c_str());
-    JS_SetPropertyStr(ctx, global_obj, "file", file);
-
-    display("Compiling...");
-    // Call the Vult compiler to generate Lua code
-    static const std::string testVult = R"(
+	// used to run the lua generated code
+	ScriptEngine* luaEngine;
+
+	// used to run the Vult compiler
+	JSRuntime* rt = NULL;
+	JSContext* ctx = NULL;
+
+	VultEngine() {
+		rt = JS_NewRuntime();
+		// Create QuickJS context
+		ctx = JS_NewContext(rt);
+		if (!ctx) {
+			display("Could not create QuickJS context");
+			return;
+		}
+
+		JSValue global_obj = JS_GetGlobalObject(ctx);
+
+		// Load the Vult compiler code
+		JSValue val =
+		  JS_Eval(ctx, (const char*)vultc_h, vultc_h_size, "vultc.js", 0);
+		if (JS_IsException(val)) {
+			display("Error loading the Vult compiler");
+			JS_FreeValue(ctx, val);
+			JS_FreeValue(ctx, global_obj);
+			return;
+		}
+	}
+
+	~VultEngine() {
+		if (ctx) {
+			JS_FreeContext(ctx);
+		}
+		if (rt) {
+			JS_FreeRuntime(rt);
+		}
+	}
+
+	std::string getEngineName() override {
+		return "Vult";
+	}
+
+	int run(const std::string& path, const std::string& script) override {
+		display("Loading...");
+
+		JSValue global_obj = JS_GetGlobalObject(ctx);
+
+		// Put the script text in the 'code' variable
+		JSValue code = JS_NewString(ctx, script.c_str());
+		JS_SetPropertyStr(ctx, global_obj, "code", code);
+
+		// Put the script path in 'file' variable
+		JSValue file = JS_NewString(ctx, path.c_str());
+		JS_SetPropertyStr(ctx, global_obj, "file", file);
+
+		display("Compiling...");
+		// Call the Vult compiler to generate Lua code
+		static const std::string testVult = R"(
     var result = vult.generateLua([{ file:file, code:code}],{ output:'Engine', template:'vcv-prototype'});)";
 
-    JSValue compile =
-        JS_Eval(ctx, testVult.c_str(), testVult.size(), "Compile", 0);
-
-    JS_FreeValue(ctx, code);
-    JS_FreeValue(ctx, file);
-
-    // If there are any internal errors, the execution could fail
-    if (JS_IsException(compile)) {
-      display("Fatal error in the Vult compiler");
-      JS_FreeValue(ctx, global_obj);
-      return -1;
-    }
-
-    // Retrive the variable 'result'
-    JSValue result = JS_GetPropertyStr(ctx, global_obj, "result");
-    // Get the first element of the 'result' array
-    JSValue first = JS_GetPropertyUint32(ctx, result, 0);
-    // Try to get the 'msg' field which is only present in error messages
-    JSValue msg = JS_GetPropertyStr(ctx, first, "msg");
-    // Display the error if any
-    if (!JS_IsUndefined(msg)) {
-      const char *text = JS_ToCString(ctx, msg);
-      const char *row =
-          JS_ToCString(ctx, JS_GetPropertyStr(ctx, first, "line"));
-      const char *col = JS_ToCString(ctx, JS_GetPropertyStr(ctx, first, "col"));
-      // Compose the error message
-      std::stringstream error;
-      error << "line:" << row << ":" << col << ": " << text;
-      WARN("Vult Error: %s", error.str().c_str());
-      display(error.str().c_str());
-
-      JS_FreeValue(ctx, result);
-      JS_FreeValue(ctx, first);
-      JS_FreeValue(ctx, msg);
-      return -1;
-    }
-    // In case of no error, retrieve the generated code
-    JSValue luacode = JS_GetPropertyStr(ctx, first, "code");
-    std::string luacode_str(JS_ToCString(ctx, luacode));
-
-    //WARN("Generated Code: %s", luacode_str.c_str());
-
-    luaEngine = createLuaEngine();
-
-    if (!luaEngine) {
-      WARN("Could not create a Lua script engine");
+		JSValue compile =
+		  JS_Eval(ctx, testVult.c_str(), testVult.size(), "Compile", 0);
+
+		JS_FreeValue(ctx, code);
+		JS_FreeValue(ctx, file);
+
+		// If there are any internal errors, the execution could fail
+		if (JS_IsException(compile)) {
+			display("Fatal error in the Vult compiler");
+			JS_FreeValue(ctx, global_obj);
+			return -1;
+		}
+
+		// Retrive the variable 'result'
+		JSValue result = JS_GetPropertyStr(ctx, global_obj, "result");
+		// Get the first element of the 'result' array
+		JSValue first = JS_GetPropertyUint32(ctx, result, 0);
+		// Try to get the 'msg' field which is only present in error messages
+		JSValue msg = JS_GetPropertyStr(ctx, first, "msg");
+		// Display the error if any
+		if (!JS_IsUndefined(msg)) {
+			const char* text = JS_ToCString(ctx, msg);
+			const char* row =
+			  JS_ToCString(ctx, JS_GetPropertyStr(ctx, first, "line"));
+			const char* col = JS_ToCString(ctx, JS_GetPropertyStr(ctx, first, "col"));
+			// Compose the error message
+			std::stringstream error;
+			error << "line:" << row << ":" << col << ": " << text;
+			WARN("Vult Error: %s", error.str().c_str());
+			display(error.str().c_str());
+
+			JS_FreeValue(ctx, result);
+			JS_FreeValue(ctx, first);
+			JS_FreeValue(ctx, msg);
+			return -1;
+		}
+		// In case of no error, retrieve the generated code
+		JSValue luacode = JS_GetPropertyStr(ctx, first, "code");
+		std::string luacode_str(JS_ToCString(ctx, luacode));
+
+		//WARN("Generated Code: %s", luacode_str.c_str());
+
+		luaEngine = createLuaEngine();
+
+		if (!luaEngine) {
+			WARN("Could not create a Lua script engine");
+			return -1;
+		}
+
+		luaEngine->module = this->module;
+
+		display("Running...");
+
+		JS_FreeValue(ctx, luacode);
+		JS_FreeValue(ctx, first);
+		JS_FreeValue(ctx, msg);
+		JS_FreeValue(ctx, msg);
+		JS_FreeValue(ctx, global_obj);
+
+		return luaEngine->run(path, luacode_str);
+	}
+
+	int process() override {
+		if (!luaEngine)
       return -1;
-    }
-
-    luaEngine->module = this->module;
-
-    display("Running...");
-
-    JS_FreeValue(ctx, luacode);
-    JS_FreeValue(ctx, first);
-    JS_FreeValue(ctx, msg);
-    JS_FreeValue(ctx, msg);
-    JS_FreeValue(ctx, global_obj);
-
-    return luaEngine->run(path, luacode_str);
-  }
-
-  int process() override {
-    if (luaEngine)
-      return luaEngine->process();
-    else
-      return 0;
-  }
+		return luaEngine->process();
+	}
 };
 
-__attribute__((constructor(1000))) static void constructor() {
-  addScriptEngine<VultEngine>("vult");
+__attribute__((constructor(1000)))
+static void constructor() {
+	addScriptEngine<VultEngine>("vult");
 }

From 713613f2c66cc0508976c9d285a34ce5f4dc40a9 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: clwe <clemens@chair.audio>
Date: Sun, 28 Jun 2020 22:05:05 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 12/27] implements Makefile build flow

---
 Makefile            |  27 +++++++++-
 src/LibPDEngine.cpp | 118 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 2 files changed, 143 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 src/LibPDEngine.cpp

diff --git a/Makefile b/Makefile
index 0c0cc98..56e4eab 100644
--- a/Makefile
+++ b/Makefile
@@ -14,10 +14,11 @@ DISTRIBUTABLES += $(wildcard LICENSE*)
 include $(RACK_DIR)/arch.mk
 
 DUKTAPE ?= 0
-QUICKJS ?= 1
+QUICKJS ?= 0
 LUAJIT ?= 1
 PYTHON ?= 0
 SUPERCOLLIDER ?= 0
+<<<<<<< HEAD
 VULT ?= 1
 
 # Vult depends on both LuaJIT and QuickJS
@@ -25,6 +26,9 @@ ifeq ($(VULT), 1)
 QUICKJS := 1
 LUAJIT := 1
 endif
+=======
+LIBPD ?= 1
+>>>>>>> implements Makefile build flow
 
 # Entropia File System Watcher
 efsw := dep/lib/libefsw-static-release.a
@@ -37,6 +41,25 @@ $(efsw):
 	cd efsw && cp lib/libefsw-static-release.a $(DEP_PATH)/lib/
 	cd efsw && cp -R include/efsw $(DEP_PATH)/include/
 
+# LibPD
+ifeq ($(LIBPD), 1)
+libpd := dep/lib/libpd.a
+SOURCES += src/LibPDEngine.cpp
+OBJECTS += $(libpd)
+DEPS += $(libpd)
+FLAGS += -Idep/include/libpd
+
+$(libpd):
+	$(WGET) "https://github.com/chairaudio/libpd/archive/master.tar.gz"
+	#$(SHA256) master.tar.gz f8dd2ea21f295badeae1b2ea8d00a91135b24710e67d437f7f18719d728e6e04
+	cd dep && $(UNTAR) ../master.tar.gz
+	$(WGET) "https://github.com/pure-data/pure-data/archive/0.50-2.tar.gz"
+	#$(SHA256) 0.51-0.tar.gz 68b13342aaee70b8ef993eef11dc8d6837323dd6ea74a2f0705461d59f3ad2af
+	cd dep/libpd-master/pure-data && $(UNTAR) ../../../0.50-2.tar.gz --strip-components=1
+	cd dep/libpd-master && make MULTI=true
+	cd dep/libpd-master && $(MAKE) install prefix="$(DEP_PATH)"
+endif
+
 # Duktape
 ifeq ($(DUKTAPE), 1)
 SOURCES += src/DuktapeEngine.cpp
@@ -63,7 +86,7 @@ endif
 $(quickjs):
 	cd dep && git clone "https://github.com/JerrySievert/QuickJS.git"
 	cd dep/QuickJS && git checkout 807adc8ca9010502853d471bd8331cdc1d376b94
-	cd dep/QuickJS && $(MAKE) $(QUICKJS_MAKE_FLAGS)
+	cd dep/QuickJS && $(MAKE) $(QUICKJS_MAKE_FLAGS) 
 	cd dep/QuickJS && $(MAKE) $(QUICKJS_MAKE_FLAGS) install
 endif
 
diff --git a/src/LibPDEngine.cpp b/src/LibPDEngine.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7f4ee6e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/LibPDEngine.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,118 @@
+#include "ScriptEngine.hpp"
+#include "z_libpd.h"
+#include <iostream>
+#include <fstream>
+using namespace std;
+
+#define BUFFERSIZE 4096
+
+void chair_write_patch_to_file(const string &patch, const string &path, const string &name )
+{
+  
+  ofstream myfile;
+  cout << "file to write: " << path + "/" + name << endl;
+  myfile.open (path + "/" + name);
+  myfile << patch;
+  myfile.close();
+}
+
+void chair_load_patch(const string &patch, const string &name)
+{
+
+  string path = ".";
+  chair_write_patch_to_file(patch, path, name);
+  
+  libpd_openfile(name.c_str(), path.c_str());
+  
+  remove( (path + "/" + name).c_str() );
+}
+
+
+struct LibPDEngine : ScriptEngine {
+
+	~LibPDEngine() {
+	}
+	// // variables for libpd
+	t_pdinstance *_lpd;
+  	int _sampleRate = 0;
+  	int _ticks = 0;
+  	float _output[BUFFERSIZE];
+  	float _input[BUFFERSIZE];//  = (float*)malloc(1024*2*sizeof(float));
+  	// end variables for libpd
+
+
+	std::string getEngineName() override {
+		return "Pure Data";
+	}
+
+	int run(const std::string& path, const std::string& script) override {
+
+		ProcessBlock* block = getProcessBlock();
+
+	 	_sampleRate = block->sampleRate;
+	  
+	  	libpd_init();
+	  	_lpd = libpd_new_instance();
+
+	  	libpd_set_instance(_lpd);
+	  	libpd_init_audio(2, 2, _sampleRate);
+	  	//cout << "_lpd is initialized" << endl;
+	  
+	  	//cout << "num od pd instances: " << libpd_num_instances() << endl;
+	  
+	  // compute audio    [; pd dsp 1(
+	  	libpd_start_message(1); // one entry in list
+	  	libpd_add_float(1.0f);
+	  	libpd_finish_message("pd", "dsp");
+	  
+	  	std::string name = "test.pd";
+	  	std::string patch = "#N canvas 333 425 105 153 10;\n"
+	                "#X obj 32 79 dac~;\n"
+	                "#X obj 32 27 adc~;\n"
+	                "#X connect 1 0 0 0;\n"
+	                "#X connect 1 1 0 1;";
+
+	  	//libpd_openfile(patch.c_str(), path.c_str());
+
+	  	chair_load_patch(patch, name);
+	  
+		return 0;
+	}
+
+	int process() override {
+		// block
+		ProcessBlock* block = getProcessBlock();
+		int curr_bufSize = 256;
+		block->bufferSize = curr_bufSize;
+		display(std::to_string(curr_bufSize));
+
+		const int nChans = 2;
+		  
+		// pass samples to/from libpd
+		_ticks = curr_bufSize / 64;
+		for (int s = 0; s < curr_bufSize; s++) {
+		    for (int c = 0; c < nChans; c++) {
+		      _input[s*nChans+c] = block->inputs[c][s];
+		    }
+		}
+		
+		libpd_set_instance(_lpd);
+		libpd_process_float(_ticks, _input, _output);
+		
+		for (int s = 0; s < curr_bufSize; s++) {
+		    for (int c = 0; c < nChans; c++) {
+		    	block->outputs[c][s] = _output[s*nChans+c];
+		    }
+		  }
+
+		return 0;
+	}
+
+	
+};
+
+
+__attribute__((constructor(1000)))
+static void constructor() {
+	addScriptEngine<LibPDEngine>("pd");
+}

From 3dadb3f3c10db11161c7e762c2b6eaac798f6b17 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: clwe <clemens@chair.audio>
Date: Sun, 28 Jun 2020 23:25:59 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 13/27] adds 6 in/out audio through pd patch, sets buffer size
 to 64 samples and sets frame divider to 1

---
 examples/audio-trough.pd |  9 +++++++
 src/LibPDEngine.cpp      | 51 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++--------------
 2 files changed, 42 insertions(+), 18 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 examples/audio-trough.pd

diff --git a/examples/audio-trough.pd b/examples/audio-trough.pd
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..529bd3e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/examples/audio-trough.pd
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+#N canvas 653 457 450 300 12;
+#X obj 151 125 adc~ 1 2 3 4 5 6;
+#X obj 152 184 dac~ 1 2 3 4 5 6;
+#X connect 0 0 1 0;
+#X connect 0 1 1 1;
+#X connect 0 2 1 2;
+#X connect 0 3 1 3;
+#X connect 0 4 1 4;
+#X connect 0 5 1 5;
diff --git a/src/LibPDEngine.cpp b/src/LibPDEngine.cpp
index 7f4ee6e..b04fae3 100644
--- a/src/LibPDEngine.cpp
+++ b/src/LibPDEngine.cpp
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@
 #include <fstream>
 using namespace std;
 
-#define BUFFERSIZE 4096
+#define BUFFERSIZE MAX_BUFFER_SIZE * NUM_ROWS
 
 void chair_write_patch_to_file(const string &patch, const string &path, const string &name )
 {
@@ -34,6 +34,7 @@ struct LibPDEngine : ScriptEngine {
 	}
 	// // variables for libpd
 	t_pdinstance *_lpd;
+	int _pd_block_size = 64;
   	int _sampleRate = 0;
   	int _ticks = 0;
   	float _output[BUFFERSIZE];
@@ -50,27 +51,43 @@ struct LibPDEngine : ScriptEngine {
 		ProcessBlock* block = getProcessBlock();
 
 	 	_sampleRate = block->sampleRate;
-	  
+
+	 	setBufferSize(_pd_block_size);
+	  	setFrameDivider(1);
 	  	libpd_init();
 	  	_lpd = libpd_new_instance();
 
 	  	libpd_set_instance(_lpd);
-	  	libpd_init_audio(2, 2, _sampleRate);
+	  	libpd_init_audio(NUM_ROWS, NUM_ROWS, _sampleRate);
 	  	//cout << "_lpd is initialized" << endl;
 	  
 	  	//cout << "num od pd instances: " << libpd_num_instances() << endl;
 	  
 	  // compute audio    [; pd dsp 1(
-	  	libpd_start_message(1); // one entry in list
+	  	libpd_start_message(1); // one enstry in list
 	  	libpd_add_float(1.0f);
 	  	libpd_finish_message("pd", "dsp");
 	  
 	  	std::string name = "test.pd";
-	  	std::string patch = "#N canvas 333 425 105 153 10;\n"
+	  	std::string patch = "#N canvas 653 457 450 300 12;\n"
+							"#X obj 151 125 adc~ 1 2 3 4 5 6;\n"
+							"#X obj 152 184 dac~ 1 2 3 4 5 6;\n"
+							"#X connect 0 0 1 0;\n"
+							"#X connect 0 1 1 1;\n"
+							"#X connect 0 2 1 2;\n"
+							"#X connect 0 3 1 3;\n"
+							"#X connect 0 4 1 4;\n"
+							"#X connect 0 5 1 5;";
+
+
+
+
+
+	  	/*"#N canvas 333 425 105 153 10;\n"
 	                "#X obj 32 79 dac~;\n"
 	                "#X obj 32 27 adc~;\n"
 	                "#X connect 1 0 0 0;\n"
-	                "#X connect 1 1 0 1;";
+	                "#X connect 1 1 0 1;";*/
 
 	  	//libpd_openfile(patch.c_str(), path.c_str());
 
@@ -82,26 +99,24 @@ struct LibPDEngine : ScriptEngine {
 	int process() override {
 		// block
 		ProcessBlock* block = getProcessBlock();
-		int curr_bufSize = 256;
-		block->bufferSize = curr_bufSize;
-		display(std::to_string(curr_bufSize));
 
-		const int nChans = 2;
-		  
+		display(std::to_string(block->bufferSize));
+
 		// pass samples to/from libpd
-		_ticks = curr_bufSize / 64;
-		for (int s = 0; s < curr_bufSize; s++) {
-		    for (int c = 0; c < nChans; c++) {
-		      _input[s*nChans+c] = block->inputs[c][s];
+		_ticks = 1;//curr_bufSize / 64;
+		int rows = NUM_ROWS;
+		for (int s = 0; s < _pd_block_size; s++) {
+		    for (int r = 0; r < rows; r++) {
+		      _input[s*rows+r] = block->inputs[r][s];
 		    }
 		}
 		
 		libpd_set_instance(_lpd);
 		libpd_process_float(_ticks, _input, _output);
 		
-		for (int s = 0; s < curr_bufSize; s++) {
-		    for (int c = 0; c < nChans; c++) {
-		    	block->outputs[c][s] = _output[s*nChans+c];
+		for (int s = 0; s < _pd_block_size; s++) {
+		    for (int r = 0; r < rows; r++) {
+		    	block->outputs[r][s] = _output[s*rows+r];
 		    }
 		  }
 

From dcad136882eef12f9aab04eb7162d45be8a02128 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: clwe <clemens@chair.audio>
Date: Tue, 30 Jun 2020 23:36:10 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 14/27] PD: revert to PD v.0.50-2, implements knob send, lights
 receive and audio through, displays multi instance warning

---
 examples/audio-trough.pd |  61 ++++++++++--
 src/LibPDEngine.cpp      | 195 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++------------
 2 files changed, 187 insertions(+), 69 deletions(-)

diff --git a/examples/audio-trough.pd b/examples/audio-trough.pd
index 529bd3e..29ce98b 100644
--- a/examples/audio-trough.pd
+++ b/examples/audio-trough.pd
@@ -1,9 +1,52 @@
-#N canvas 653 457 450 300 12;
-#X obj 151 125 adc~ 1 2 3 4 5 6;
-#X obj 152 184 dac~ 1 2 3 4 5 6;
-#X connect 0 0 1 0;
-#X connect 0 1 1 1;
-#X connect 0 2 1 2;
-#X connect 0 3 1 3;
-#X connect 0 4 1 4;
-#X connect 0 5 1 5;
+#N canvas 2220 331 802 519 12;
+#X obj 112 43 adc~ 1 2 3 4 5 6, f 47;
+#X obj 113 199 dac~ 1 2 3 4 5 6, f 47;
+#X obj 112 127 *~ 1;
+#X obj 137 94 r K1;
+#X obj 178 126 *~ 1;
+#X obj 242 128 *~ 1;
+#X obj 308 127 *~ 1;
+#X obj 372 127 *~ 1;
+#X obj 438 126 *~ 1;
+#X obj 203 93 r K2;
+#X obj 267 93 r K3;
+#X obj 333 94 r K4;
+#X obj 397 93 r K5;
+#X obj 463 93 r K6;
+#X obj 290 416 print toVCV;
+#X msg 267 278 L3 \$1 0 0;
+#X msg 333 310 L4 \$1 0 0;
+#X msg 463 311 L6 \$1 0 0;
+#X msg 136 277 L1 \$1 0 0;
+#X msg 203 309 L2 \$1 0 0;
+#X msg 397 280 L5 \$1 0 0;
+#X connect 0 0 2 0;
+#X connect 0 1 4 0;
+#X connect 0 2 5 0;
+#X connect 0 3 6 0;
+#X connect 0 4 7 0;
+#X connect 0 5 8 0;
+#X connect 2 0 1 0;
+#X connect 3 0 2 1;
+#X connect 3 0 18 0;
+#X connect 4 0 1 1;
+#X connect 5 0 1 2;
+#X connect 6 0 1 3;
+#X connect 7 0 1 4;
+#X connect 8 0 1 5;
+#X connect 9 0 4 1;
+#X connect 9 0 19 0;
+#X connect 10 0 5 1;
+#X connect 10 0 15 0;
+#X connect 11 0 6 1;
+#X connect 11 0 16 0;
+#X connect 12 0 7 1;
+#X connect 12 0 20 0;
+#X connect 13 0 8 1;
+#X connect 13 0 17 0;
+#X connect 15 0 14 0;
+#X connect 16 0 14 0;
+#X connect 17 0 14 0;
+#X connect 18 0 14 0;
+#X connect 19 0 14 0;
+#X connect 20 0 14 0;
diff --git a/src/LibPDEngine.cpp b/src/LibPDEngine.cpp
index b04fae3..212a37a 100644
--- a/src/LibPDEngine.cpp
+++ b/src/LibPDEngine.cpp
@@ -1,45 +1,54 @@
 #include "ScriptEngine.hpp"
 #include "z_libpd.h"
-#include <iostream>
-#include <fstream>
-using namespace std;
+#include "util/z_print_util.h"
+using namespace rack;
 
 #define BUFFERSIZE MAX_BUFFER_SIZE * NUM_ROWS
 
-void chair_write_patch_to_file(const string &patch, const string &path, const string &name )
-{
-  
-  ofstream myfile;
-  cout << "file to write: " << path + "/" + name << endl;
-  myfile.open (path + "/" + name);
-  myfile << patch;
-  myfile.close();
-}
 
-void chair_load_patch(const string &patch, const string &name)
-{
+// there is no multi-instance support for receiving messages from libpd
+// for now, received values for the prototype gui will be stored in global variables
+
+float g_leds[NUM_ROWS][3];
+
+std::vector<std::string> split (const std::string &s, char delim) {
+    std::vector<std::string> result;
+    std::stringstream ss (s);
+    std::string item;
 
-  string path = ".";
-  chair_write_patch_to_file(patch, path, name);
-  
-  libpd_openfile(name.c_str(), path.c_str());
-  
-  remove( (path + "/" + name).c_str() );
+    while (getline (ss, item, delim)) {
+        result.push_back (item);
+    }
+
+    return result;
 }
 
 
+
+
 struct LibPDEngine : ScriptEngine {
 
 	~LibPDEngine() {
+		libpd_free_instance(_lpd);
+
 	}
-	// // variables for libpd
+
+	static void receiveLEDs(const char *s);
+
+	bool knobChanged(const float* knobs, int idx);
+
+	bool switchChanged(const float* knobs, int idx);
+
 	t_pdinstance *_lpd;
 	int _pd_block_size = 64;
   	int _sampleRate = 0;
   	int _ticks = 0;
+  	
+  	float _old_knobs[NUM_ROWS];
+  	bool  _old_switches[NUM_ROWS];
   	float _output[BUFFERSIZE];
   	float _input[BUFFERSIZE];//  = (float*)malloc(1024*2*sizeof(float));
-  	// end variables for libpd
+  	const static std::map<std::string, int> _led_map;
 
 
 	std::string getEngineName() override {
@@ -49,49 +58,37 @@ struct LibPDEngine : ScriptEngine {
 	int run(const std::string& path, const std::string& script) override {
 
 		ProcessBlock* block = getProcessBlock();
-
 	 	_sampleRate = block->sampleRate;
-
 	 	setBufferSize(_pd_block_size);
 	  	setFrameDivider(1);
 	  	libpd_init();
 	  	_lpd = libpd_new_instance();
 
-	  	libpd_set_instance(_lpd);
+	  	libpd_set_printhook((t_libpd_printhook)libpd_print_concatenator);
+		libpd_set_concatenated_printhook( receiveLEDs );
+	  	//libpd_set_printhook(receiveLEDs);
+	  	//libpd_bind("L2");
+	  	//libpd_bind("foo");
+	  	//libpd_set_listhook(receiveList);
+	  	//libpd_set_messagehook(receiveMessage);
+
+	 	if(libpd_num_instances()>2)
+		{
+			display("Sorry, multi instance support in libpd is under development!");
+			return -1;
+		}
+
+	  	//display(std::to_string(libpd_num_instances()));
 	  	libpd_init_audio(NUM_ROWS, NUM_ROWS, _sampleRate);
-	  	//cout << "_lpd is initialized" << endl;
-	  
-	  	//cout << "num od pd instances: " << libpd_num_instances() << endl;
-	  
-	  // compute audio    [; pd dsp 1(
+
+	    // compute audio    [; pd dsp 1(
 	  	libpd_start_message(1); // one enstry in list
 	  	libpd_add_float(1.0f);
 	  	libpd_finish_message("pd", "dsp");
 	  
-	  	std::string name = "test.pd";
-	  	std::string patch = "#N canvas 653 457 450 300 12;\n"
-							"#X obj 151 125 adc~ 1 2 3 4 5 6;\n"
-							"#X obj 152 184 dac~ 1 2 3 4 5 6;\n"
-							"#X connect 0 0 1 0;\n"
-							"#X connect 0 1 1 1;\n"
-							"#X connect 0 2 1 2;\n"
-							"#X connect 0 3 1 3;\n"
-							"#X connect 0 4 1 4;\n"
-							"#X connect 0 5 1 5;";
-
-
-
-
-
-	  	/*"#N canvas 333 425 105 153 10;\n"
-	                "#X obj 32 79 dac~;\n"
-	                "#X obj 32 27 adc~;\n"
-	                "#X connect 1 0 0 0;\n"
-	                "#X connect 1 1 0 1;";*/
-
-	  	//libpd_openfile(patch.c_str(), path.c_str());
-
-	  	chair_load_patch(patch, name);
+	    std::string name = string::filename(path);
+	    std::string dir  = string::directory(path);
+	  	libpd_openfile(name.c_str(), dir.c_str());
 	  
 		return 0;
 	}
@@ -100,10 +97,7 @@ struct LibPDEngine : ScriptEngine {
 		// block
 		ProcessBlock* block = getProcessBlock();
 
-		display(std::to_string(block->bufferSize));
-
-		// pass samples to/from libpd
-		_ticks = 1;//curr_bufSize / 64;
+		// get samples prototype
 		int rows = NUM_ROWS;
 		for (int s = 0; s < _pd_block_size; s++) {
 		    for (int r = 0; r < rows; r++) {
@@ -112,8 +106,33 @@ struct LibPDEngine : ScriptEngine {
 		}
 		
 		libpd_set_instance(_lpd);
+
+		// knobs
+		for (int i=0; i<NUM_ROWS; i++){
+			if( knobChanged(block->knobs, i) ){
+				std::string knob = "K"+std::to_string(i+1);
+				libpd_float(knob.c_str(), block->knobs[i]);
+			}
+		}
+		// leds
+		//display(std::to_string(g_leds[0]));
+		for(int i=0; i<NUM_ROWS; i++){
+			block->lights[i][0] = g_leds[i][0];
+			block->lights[i][1] = g_leds[i][1];
+			block->lights[i][2] = g_leds[i][2];
+		}
+		// switches
+		for(int i=0; i<NUM_ROWS; i++){
+			if( switchChanged(block->switches, i) ){
+				std::string sw = "S"+std::to_string(i+1);
+				libpd_float(sw.c_str(), block->switches[i]);
+			}
+		}
+		// process samples in libpd
+		_ticks = 1;
 		libpd_process_float(_ticks, _input, _output);
 		
+		//return samples to prototype
 		for (int s = 0; s < _pd_block_size; s++) {
 		    for (int r = 0; r < rows; r++) {
 		    	block->outputs[r][s] = _output[s*rows+r];
@@ -122,8 +141,6 @@ struct LibPDEngine : ScriptEngine {
 
 		return 0;
 	}
-
-	
 };
 
 
@@ -131,3 +148,61 @@ __attribute__((constructor(1000)))
 static void constructor() {
 	addScriptEngine<LibPDEngine>("pd");
 }
+
+
+void LibPDEngine::receiveLEDs(const char *s) {
+	std::string str = std::string(s);
+	std::vector<std::string> atoms = split (str, ' ');
+
+	if(atoms[0]=="toVCV:"){
+		// led list
+		bool led_is_valid = true;
+		int led_idx = -1;
+		try {
+				led_idx = _led_map.at(atoms[1]);      // map::at throws an out-of-range
+			}
+		catch (const std::out_of_range& oor) {
+			led_is_valid = false;
+			//display("Warning:"+atoms[1]+" not found!");
+		}
+		//std::cout << v[1] << ", " << g_led_map[v[1]] << std::endl;
+		if(led_is_valid && atoms.size()==5){
+			g_leds[led_idx][0] = stof(atoms[2]); // red
+			g_leds[led_idx][1] = stof(atoms[3]); // green
+			g_leds[led_idx][2] = stof(atoms[4]); // blue
+		}
+		else {
+			
+		}
+	}
+	else { 
+		// do nothing
+	}
+}
+
+bool LibPDEngine::knobChanged(const float* knobs, int i){
+	bool knob_changed = false;
+	if (_old_knobs[i] != knobs[i]){
+		knob_changed = true;
+		_old_knobs[i] = knobs[i];
+	}
+	return knob_changed;
+}
+
+bool LibPDEngine::switchChanged(const float* switches, int i){
+	bool switch_changed = false;
+	if (_old_switches[i] != switches[i]){
+		switch_changed = true;
+		_old_switches[i] = switches[i];
+	}
+	return switch_changed;
+}
+
+const std::map<std::string, int> LibPDEngine::_led_map{
+	{ "L1", 0 },
+	{ "L2", 1 },
+	{ "L3", 2 },
+	{ "L4", 3 },
+	{ "L5", 4 },
+ 	{ "L6", 5 }
+};
\ No newline at end of file

From b5816de8bd1a6348f3c26a08fec9b9784d6864a0 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: clwe <clemens@chair.audio>
Date: Wed, 1 Jul 2020 00:36:56 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 15/27] PD: adds switch send, switch lights receive, adds
 examples/gain.pd, initializes patch with sending messages

---
 examples/audio-trough.pd |  52 ----------------
 examples/gain.pd         | 106 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 src/LibPDEngine.cpp      | 131 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++------------
 3 files changed, 196 insertions(+), 93 deletions(-)
 delete mode 100644 examples/audio-trough.pd
 create mode 100644 examples/gain.pd

diff --git a/examples/audio-trough.pd b/examples/audio-trough.pd
deleted file mode 100644
index 29ce98b..0000000
--- a/examples/audio-trough.pd
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,52 +0,0 @@
-#N canvas 2220 331 802 519 12;
-#X obj 112 43 adc~ 1 2 3 4 5 6, f 47;
-#X obj 113 199 dac~ 1 2 3 4 5 6, f 47;
-#X obj 112 127 *~ 1;
-#X obj 137 94 r K1;
-#X obj 178 126 *~ 1;
-#X obj 242 128 *~ 1;
-#X obj 308 127 *~ 1;
-#X obj 372 127 *~ 1;
-#X obj 438 126 *~ 1;
-#X obj 203 93 r K2;
-#X obj 267 93 r K3;
-#X obj 333 94 r K4;
-#X obj 397 93 r K5;
-#X obj 463 93 r K6;
-#X obj 290 416 print toVCV;
-#X msg 267 278 L3 \$1 0 0;
-#X msg 333 310 L4 \$1 0 0;
-#X msg 463 311 L6 \$1 0 0;
-#X msg 136 277 L1 \$1 0 0;
-#X msg 203 309 L2 \$1 0 0;
-#X msg 397 280 L5 \$1 0 0;
-#X connect 0 0 2 0;
-#X connect 0 1 4 0;
-#X connect 0 2 5 0;
-#X connect 0 3 6 0;
-#X connect 0 4 7 0;
-#X connect 0 5 8 0;
-#X connect 2 0 1 0;
-#X connect 3 0 2 1;
-#X connect 3 0 18 0;
-#X connect 4 0 1 1;
-#X connect 5 0 1 2;
-#X connect 6 0 1 3;
-#X connect 7 0 1 4;
-#X connect 8 0 1 5;
-#X connect 9 0 4 1;
-#X connect 9 0 19 0;
-#X connect 10 0 5 1;
-#X connect 10 0 15 0;
-#X connect 11 0 6 1;
-#X connect 11 0 16 0;
-#X connect 12 0 7 1;
-#X connect 12 0 20 0;
-#X connect 13 0 8 1;
-#X connect 13 0 17 0;
-#X connect 15 0 14 0;
-#X connect 16 0 14 0;
-#X connect 17 0 14 0;
-#X connect 18 0 14 0;
-#X connect 19 0 14 0;
-#X connect 20 0 14 0;
diff --git a/examples/gain.pd b/examples/gain.pd
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ab6906d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/examples/gain.pd
@@ -0,0 +1,106 @@
+#N canvas 2220 331 805 580 12;
+#X obj 112 43 adc~ 1 2 3 4 5 6, f 47;
+#X obj 113 281 dac~ 1 2 3 4 5 6, f 47;
+#X obj 112 127 *~ 1;
+#X obj 137 94 r K1;
+#X obj 178 126 *~ 1;
+#X obj 242 128 *~ 1;
+#X obj 308 127 *~ 1;
+#X obj 372 127 *~ 1;
+#X obj 438 126 *~ 1;
+#X obj 203 93 r K2;
+#X obj 267 93 r K3;
+#X obj 333 94 r K4;
+#X obj 397 93 r K5;
+#X obj 463 93 r K6;
+#X obj 290 502 print toVCV;
+#X msg 267 315 L3 \$1 0 0;
+#X msg 333 347 L4 \$1 0 0;
+#X msg 463 348 L6 \$1 0 0;
+#X msg 136 314 L1 \$1 0 0;
+#X msg 203 346 L2 \$1 0 0;
+#X msg 397 317 L5 \$1 0 0;
+#X obj 112 230 *~ 1;
+#X obj 178 229 *~ 1;
+#X obj 242 231 *~ 1;
+#X obj 308 230 *~ 1;
+#X obj 372 230 *~ 1;
+#X obj 438 229 *~ 1;
+#X obj 147 158 r S1;
+#X obj 213 157 r S2;
+#X obj 277 157 r S3;
+#X obj 343 158 r S4;
+#X obj 407 157 r S5;
+#X obj 473 158 r S6;
+#X obj 473 197 - 1;
+#X obj 407 196 - 1;
+#X obj 343 194 - 1;
+#X obj 277 195 - 1;
+#X obj 213 196 - 1;
+#X obj 147 195 - 1;
+#X msg 146 404 S1 \$1 0 0;
+#X msg 213 436 S2 \$1 0 0;
+#X msg 277 405 S3 \$1 0 0;
+#X msg 343 438 S4 \$1 0 0;
+#X msg 407 407 S5 \$1 0 0;
+#X msg 473 437 S6 \$1 0 0;
+#X connect 0 0 2 0;
+#X connect 0 1 4 0;
+#X connect 0 2 5 0;
+#X connect 0 3 6 0;
+#X connect 0 4 7 0;
+#X connect 0 5 8 0;
+#X connect 2 0 21 0;
+#X connect 3 0 2 1;
+#X connect 3 0 18 0;
+#X connect 4 0 22 0;
+#X connect 5 0 23 0;
+#X connect 6 0 24 0;
+#X connect 7 0 25 0;
+#X connect 8 0 26 0;
+#X connect 9 0 4 1;
+#X connect 9 0 19 0;
+#X connect 10 0 5 1;
+#X connect 10 0 15 0;
+#X connect 11 0 6 1;
+#X connect 11 0 16 0;
+#X connect 12 0 7 1;
+#X connect 12 0 20 0;
+#X connect 13 0 8 1;
+#X connect 13 0 17 0;
+#X connect 15 0 14 0;
+#X connect 16 0 14 0;
+#X connect 17 0 14 0;
+#X connect 18 0 14 0;
+#X connect 19 0 14 0;
+#X connect 20 0 14 0;
+#X connect 21 0 1 0;
+#X connect 22 0 1 1;
+#X connect 23 0 1 2;
+#X connect 24 0 1 3;
+#X connect 25 0 1 4;
+#X connect 26 0 1 5;
+#X connect 27 0 38 0;
+#X connect 27 0 39 0;
+#X connect 28 0 37 0;
+#X connect 28 0 40 0;
+#X connect 29 0 36 0;
+#X connect 29 0 41 0;
+#X connect 30 0 35 0;
+#X connect 30 0 42 0;
+#X connect 31 0 34 0;
+#X connect 31 0 43 0;
+#X connect 32 0 33 0;
+#X connect 32 0 44 0;
+#X connect 33 0 26 1;
+#X connect 34 0 25 1;
+#X connect 35 0 24 1;
+#X connect 36 0 23 1;
+#X connect 37 0 22 1;
+#X connect 38 0 21 1;
+#X connect 39 0 14 0;
+#X connect 40 0 14 0;
+#X connect 41 0 14 0;
+#X connect 42 0 14 0;
+#X connect 43 0 14 0;
+#X connect 44 0 14 0;
diff --git a/src/LibPDEngine.cpp b/src/LibPDEngine.cpp
index 212a37a..ec06e9b 100644
--- a/src/LibPDEngine.cpp
+++ b/src/LibPDEngine.cpp
@@ -9,7 +9,8 @@ using namespace rack;
 // there is no multi-instance support for receiving messages from libpd
 // for now, received values for the prototype gui will be stored in global variables
 
-float g_leds[NUM_ROWS][3];
+float g_lights[NUM_ROWS][3] = {};
+float g_switchLights[NUM_ROWS][3] = {};
 
 std::vector<std::string> split (const std::string &s, char delim) {
     std::vector<std::string> result;
@@ -25,7 +26,6 @@ std::vector<std::string> split (const std::string &s, char delim) {
 
 
 
-
 struct LibPDEngine : ScriptEngine {
 
 	~LibPDEngine() {
@@ -33,23 +33,25 @@ struct LibPDEngine : ScriptEngine {
 
 	}
 
-	static void receiveLEDs(const char *s);
-
+	void sendInitialStates(const ProcessBlock* block);
+	static void receiveLights(const char *s);
 	bool knobChanged(const float* knobs, int idx);
-
-	bool switchChanged(const float* knobs, int idx);
+	bool switchChanged(const bool* knobs, int idx);
+	void sendKnob(const int idx, const float value);
+	void sendSwitch(const int idx, const bool value);
 
 	t_pdinstance *_lpd;
 	int _pd_block_size = 64;
   	int _sampleRate = 0;
   	int _ticks = 0;
+  	bool _init = true;
   	
-  	float _old_knobs[NUM_ROWS];
-  	bool  _old_switches[NUM_ROWS];
-  	float _output[BUFFERSIZE];
-  	float _input[BUFFERSIZE];//  = (float*)malloc(1024*2*sizeof(float));
-  	const static std::map<std::string, int> _led_map;
-
+  	float _old_knobs[NUM_ROWS] = {};
+  	bool  _old_switches[NUM_ROWS] = {};
+  	float _output[BUFFERSIZE] = {};
+  	float _input[BUFFERSIZE] = {};//  = (float*)malloc(1024*2*sizeof(float));
+  	const static std::map<std::string, int> _light_map;
+  	const static std::map<std::string, int> _switchLight_map;
 
 	std::string getEngineName() override {
 		return "Pure Data";
@@ -65,12 +67,8 @@ struct LibPDEngine : ScriptEngine {
 	  	_lpd = libpd_new_instance();
 
 	  	libpd_set_printhook((t_libpd_printhook)libpd_print_concatenator);
-		libpd_set_concatenated_printhook( receiveLEDs );
-	  	//libpd_set_printhook(receiveLEDs);
-	  	//libpd_bind("L2");
-	  	//libpd_bind("foo");
-	  	//libpd_set_listhook(receiveList);
-	  	//libpd_set_messagehook(receiveMessage);
+		libpd_set_concatenated_printhook( receiveLights );
+
 
 	 	if(libpd_num_instances()>2)
 		{
@@ -89,6 +87,8 @@ struct LibPDEngine : ScriptEngine {
 	    std::string name = string::filename(path);
 	    std::string dir  = string::directory(path);
 	  	libpd_openfile(name.c_str(), dir.c_str());
+
+	  	sendInitialStates(block);
 	  
 		return 0;
 	}
@@ -110,22 +110,25 @@ struct LibPDEngine : ScriptEngine {
 		// knobs
 		for (int i=0; i<NUM_ROWS; i++){
 			if( knobChanged(block->knobs, i) ){
-				std::string knob = "K"+std::to_string(i+1);
-				libpd_float(knob.c_str(), block->knobs[i]);
+				sendKnob(i, block->knobs[i]);
 			}
 		}
-		// leds
-		//display(std::to_string(g_leds[0]));
+		// lights
+		for(int i=0; i<NUM_ROWS; i++){
+			block->lights[i][0] = g_lights[i][0];
+			block->lights[i][1] = g_lights[i][1];
+			block->lights[i][2] = g_lights[i][2];
+		}
+		// switch lights
 		for(int i=0; i<NUM_ROWS; i++){
-			block->lights[i][0] = g_leds[i][0];
-			block->lights[i][1] = g_leds[i][1];
-			block->lights[i][2] = g_leds[i][2];
+			block->switchLights[i][0] = g_switchLights[i][0];
+			block->switchLights[i][1] = g_switchLights[i][1];
+			block->switchLights[i][2] = g_switchLights[i][2];
 		}
 		// switches
 		for(int i=0; i<NUM_ROWS; i++){
 			if( switchChanged(block->switches, i) ){
-				std::string sw = "S"+std::to_string(i+1);
-				libpd_float(sw.c_str(), block->switches[i]);
+				sendSwitch(i, block->switches[i]);
 			}
 		}
 		// process samples in libpd
@@ -150,29 +153,48 @@ static void constructor() {
 }
 
 
-void LibPDEngine::receiveLEDs(const char *s) {
+void LibPDEngine::receiveLights(const char *s) {
 	std::string str = std::string(s);
 	std::vector<std::string> atoms = split (str, ' ');
 
 	if(atoms[0]=="toVCV:"){
-		// led list
-		bool led_is_valid = true;
-		int led_idx = -1;
+		// light list
+		bool light_is_valid = true;
+		int light_idx = -1;
 		try {
-				led_idx = _led_map.at(atoms[1]);      // map::at throws an out-of-range
+				light_idx = _light_map.at(atoms[1]);      // map::at throws an out-of-range
 			}
 		catch (const std::out_of_range& oor) {
-			led_is_valid = false;
+			light_is_valid = false;
 			//display("Warning:"+atoms[1]+" not found!");
 		}
 		//std::cout << v[1] << ", " << g_led_map[v[1]] << std::endl;
-		if(led_is_valid && atoms.size()==5){
-			g_leds[led_idx][0] = stof(atoms[2]); // red
-			g_leds[led_idx][1] = stof(atoms[3]); // green
-			g_leds[led_idx][2] = stof(atoms[4]); // blue
+		if(light_is_valid && atoms.size()==5){
+			g_lights[light_idx][0] = stof(atoms[2]); // red
+			g_lights[light_idx][1] = stof(atoms[3]); // green
+			g_lights[light_idx][2] = stof(atoms[4]); // blue
 		}
 		else {
-			
+			// error
+		}
+
+		bool switchLight_is_valid = true;
+		int switchLight_idx = -1;
+		try {
+				switchLight_idx = _switchLight_map.at(atoms[1]);      // map::at throws an out-of-range
+			}
+		catch (const std::out_of_range& oor) {
+			switchLight_is_valid = false;
+			//display("Warning:"+atoms[1]+" not found!");
+		}
+		//std::cout << v[1] << ", " << g_led_map[v[1]] << std::endl;
+		if(switchLight_is_valid && atoms.size()==5){
+			g_switchLights[switchLight_idx][0] = stof(atoms[2]); // red
+			g_switchLights[switchLight_idx][1] = stof(atoms[3]); // green
+			g_switchLights[switchLight_idx][2] = stof(atoms[4]); // blue
+		}
+		else {
+			// error
 		}
 	}
 	else { 
@@ -189,7 +211,7 @@ bool LibPDEngine::knobChanged(const float* knobs, int i){
 	return knob_changed;
 }
 
-bool LibPDEngine::switchChanged(const float* switches, int i){
+bool LibPDEngine::switchChanged(const bool* switches, int i){
 	bool switch_changed = false;
 	if (_old_switches[i] != switches[i]){
 		switch_changed = true;
@@ -198,11 +220,38 @@ bool LibPDEngine::switchChanged(const float* switches, int i){
 	return switch_changed;
 }
 
-const std::map<std::string, int> LibPDEngine::_led_map{
+const std::map<std::string, int> LibPDEngine::_light_map{
 	{ "L1", 0 },
 	{ "L2", 1 },
 	{ "L3", 2 },
 	{ "L4", 3 },
 	{ "L5", 4 },
  	{ "L6", 5 }
-};
\ No newline at end of file
+};
+
+const std::map<std::string, int> LibPDEngine::_switchLight_map{
+	{ "S1", 0 },
+	{ "S2", 1 },
+	{ "S3", 2 },
+	{ "S4", 3 },
+	{ "S5", 4 },
+ 	{ "S6", 5 }
+};
+
+void LibPDEngine::sendKnob(const int idx, const float value){
+	std::string knob = "K"+std::to_string(idx+1);
+	libpd_float(knob.c_str(), value);
+}
+
+void LibPDEngine::sendSwitch(const int idx, const bool value){
+	std::string sw = "S"+std::to_string(idx+1);
+	libpd_float(sw.c_str(), value);
+}
+
+void LibPDEngine::sendInitialStates(const ProcessBlock* block){
+	// knobs
+	for (int i=0; i<NUM_ROWS; i++){
+		sendKnob(i, block->knobs[i]);
+		sendSwitch(i, block->knobs[i]);
+	}
+}
\ No newline at end of file

From d439edd9755eb42d85917b5666487c3640dd3206 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: clwe <clemens@chair.audio>
Date: Wed, 1 Jul 2020 15:35:06 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 16/27] PD: implements display from pd patch and changes
 message sending  method to lists

---
 examples/gain.pd    | 210 ++++++++++++++++++++++----------------------
 src/LibPDEngine.cpp |  52 +++++++++--
 2 files changed, 153 insertions(+), 109 deletions(-)

diff --git a/examples/gain.pd b/examples/gain.pd
index ab6906d..8d3b097 100644
--- a/examples/gain.pd
+++ b/examples/gain.pd
@@ -1,106 +1,108 @@
-#N canvas 2220 331 805 580 12;
-#X obj 112 43 adc~ 1 2 3 4 5 6, f 47;
-#X obj 113 281 dac~ 1 2 3 4 5 6, f 47;
-#X obj 112 127 *~ 1;
-#X obj 137 94 r K1;
-#X obj 178 126 *~ 1;
-#X obj 242 128 *~ 1;
-#X obj 308 127 *~ 1;
-#X obj 372 127 *~ 1;
-#X obj 438 126 *~ 1;
-#X obj 203 93 r K2;
-#X obj 267 93 r K3;
-#X obj 333 94 r K4;
-#X obj 397 93 r K5;
-#X obj 463 93 r K6;
-#X obj 290 502 print toVCV;
-#X msg 267 315 L3 \$1 0 0;
-#X msg 333 347 L4 \$1 0 0;
-#X msg 463 348 L6 \$1 0 0;
-#X msg 136 314 L1 \$1 0 0;
-#X msg 203 346 L2 \$1 0 0;
-#X msg 397 317 L5 \$1 0 0;
-#X obj 112 230 *~ 1;
-#X obj 178 229 *~ 1;
-#X obj 242 231 *~ 1;
-#X obj 308 230 *~ 1;
-#X obj 372 230 *~ 1;
-#X obj 438 229 *~ 1;
-#X obj 147 158 r S1;
-#X obj 213 157 r S2;
-#X obj 277 157 r S3;
-#X obj 343 158 r S4;
-#X obj 407 157 r S5;
-#X obj 473 158 r S6;
-#X obj 473 197 - 1;
-#X obj 407 196 - 1;
-#X obj 343 194 - 1;
-#X obj 277 195 - 1;
-#X obj 213 196 - 1;
-#X obj 147 195 - 1;
-#X msg 146 404 S1 \$1 0 0;
-#X msg 213 436 S2 \$1 0 0;
-#X msg 277 405 S3 \$1 0 0;
-#X msg 343 438 S4 \$1 0 0;
-#X msg 407 407 S5 \$1 0 0;
-#X msg 473 437 S6 \$1 0 0;
+#N canvas 1187 297 729 742 12;
+#X obj 153 257 adc~ 1 2 3 4 5 6, f 47;
+#X obj 153 427 dac~ 1 2 3 4 5 6, f 47;
+#X obj 154 297 *~ 1;
+#X obj 218 296 *~ 1;
+#X obj 282 298 *~ 1;
+#X obj 348 297 *~ 1;
+#X obj 412 297 *~ 1;
+#X obj 478 296 *~ 1;
+#X obj 330 663 print toVCV;
+#X msg 307 476 L3 \$1 0 0;
+#X msg 373 508 L4 \$1 0 0;
+#X msg 503 509 L6 \$1 0 0;
+#X msg 176 475 L1 \$1 0 0;
+#X msg 243 507 L2 \$1 0 0;
+#X msg 437 478 L5 \$1 0 0;
+#X obj 154 376 *~ 1;
+#X obj 218 375 *~ 1;
+#X obj 282 377 *~ 1;
+#X obj 348 376 *~ 1;
+#X obj 412 376 *~ 1;
+#X obj 478 375 *~ 1;
+#X msg 186 565 S1 \$1 0 0;
+#X msg 253 597 S2 \$1 0 0;
+#X msg 317 566 S3 \$1 0 0;
+#X msg 383 599 S4 \$1 0 0;
+#X msg 447 568 S5 \$1 0 0;
+#X msg 513 598 S6 \$1 0 0;
+#X obj 179 104 r fromVCV;
+#X obj 179 143 route K1 K2 K3 K4 K5 K6, f 56;
+#X obj 188 198 route S1 S2 S3 S4 S5 S6, f 56;
+#X obj 187 341 == 0;
+#X obj 253 342 == 0;
+#X obj 317 341 == 0;
+#X obj 383 340 == 0;
+#X obj 447 342 == 0;
+#X obj 513 343 == 0;
+#X msg 89 622 display \$1 \$2;
+#X obj 80 582 pack f f;
+#X obj 107 526 t b f;
 #X connect 0 0 2 0;
-#X connect 0 1 4 0;
-#X connect 0 2 5 0;
-#X connect 0 3 6 0;
-#X connect 0 4 7 0;
-#X connect 0 5 8 0;
-#X connect 2 0 21 0;
-#X connect 3 0 2 1;
-#X connect 3 0 18 0;
-#X connect 4 0 22 0;
-#X connect 5 0 23 0;
-#X connect 6 0 24 0;
-#X connect 7 0 25 0;
-#X connect 8 0 26 0;
-#X connect 9 0 4 1;
-#X connect 9 0 19 0;
-#X connect 10 0 5 1;
-#X connect 10 0 15 0;
-#X connect 11 0 6 1;
-#X connect 11 0 16 0;
-#X connect 12 0 7 1;
-#X connect 12 0 20 0;
-#X connect 13 0 8 1;
-#X connect 13 0 17 0;
-#X connect 15 0 14 0;
-#X connect 16 0 14 0;
-#X connect 17 0 14 0;
-#X connect 18 0 14 0;
-#X connect 19 0 14 0;
-#X connect 20 0 14 0;
-#X connect 21 0 1 0;
-#X connect 22 0 1 1;
-#X connect 23 0 1 2;
-#X connect 24 0 1 3;
-#X connect 25 0 1 4;
-#X connect 26 0 1 5;
-#X connect 27 0 38 0;
-#X connect 27 0 39 0;
+#X connect 0 1 3 0;
+#X connect 0 2 4 0;
+#X connect 0 3 5 0;
+#X connect 0 4 6 0;
+#X connect 0 5 7 0;
+#X connect 2 0 15 0;
+#X connect 3 0 16 0;
+#X connect 4 0 17 0;
+#X connect 5 0 18 0;
+#X connect 6 0 19 0;
+#X connect 7 0 20 0;
+#X connect 9 0 8 0;
+#X connect 10 0 8 0;
+#X connect 11 0 8 0;
+#X connect 12 0 8 0;
+#X connect 13 0 8 0;
+#X connect 14 0 8 0;
+#X connect 15 0 1 0;
+#X connect 16 0 1 1;
+#X connect 17 0 1 2;
+#X connect 18 0 1 3;
+#X connect 19 0 1 4;
+#X connect 20 0 1 5;
+#X connect 21 0 8 0;
+#X connect 22 0 8 0;
+#X connect 23 0 8 0;
+#X connect 24 0 8 0;
+#X connect 25 0 8 0;
+#X connect 26 0 8 0;
+#X connect 27 0 28 0;
+#X connect 28 0 2 1;
+#X connect 28 0 12 0;
 #X connect 28 0 37 0;
-#X connect 28 0 40 0;
-#X connect 29 0 36 0;
-#X connect 29 0 41 0;
-#X connect 30 0 35 0;
-#X connect 30 0 42 0;
-#X connect 31 0 34 0;
-#X connect 31 0 43 0;
-#X connect 32 0 33 0;
-#X connect 32 0 44 0;
-#X connect 33 0 26 1;
-#X connect 34 0 25 1;
-#X connect 35 0 24 1;
-#X connect 36 0 23 1;
-#X connect 37 0 22 1;
-#X connect 38 0 21 1;
-#X connect 39 0 14 0;
-#X connect 40 0 14 0;
-#X connect 41 0 14 0;
-#X connect 42 0 14 0;
-#X connect 43 0 14 0;
-#X connect 44 0 14 0;
+#X connect 28 1 3 1;
+#X connect 28 1 13 0;
+#X connect 28 1 38 0;
+#X connect 28 2 4 1;
+#X connect 28 2 9 0;
+#X connect 28 3 5 1;
+#X connect 28 3 10 0;
+#X connect 28 4 6 1;
+#X connect 28 4 14 0;
+#X connect 28 5 7 1;
+#X connect 28 5 11 0;
+#X connect 28 6 29 0;
+#X connect 29 0 30 0;
+#X connect 29 0 21 0;
+#X connect 29 1 31 0;
+#X connect 29 1 22 0;
+#X connect 29 2 32 0;
+#X connect 29 2 23 0;
+#X connect 29 3 33 0;
+#X connect 29 3 24 0;
+#X connect 29 4 34 0;
+#X connect 29 4 25 0;
+#X connect 29 5 35 0;
+#X connect 29 5 26 0;
+#X connect 30 0 15 1;
+#X connect 31 0 16 1;
+#X connect 32 0 17 1;
+#X connect 33 0 18 1;
+#X connect 34 0 19 1;
+#X connect 35 0 20 1;
+#X connect 36 0 8 0;
+#X connect 37 0 36 0;
+#X connect 38 0 37 0;
+#X connect 38 1 37 1;
diff --git a/src/LibPDEngine.cpp b/src/LibPDEngine.cpp
index ec06e9b..4f98972 100644
--- a/src/LibPDEngine.cpp
+++ b/src/LibPDEngine.cpp
@@ -11,6 +11,8 @@ using namespace rack;
 
 float g_lights[NUM_ROWS][3] = {};
 float g_switchLights[NUM_ROWS][3] = {};
+std::string g_utility[2] = {};
+bool g_display_is_valid = false;
 
 std::vector<std::string> split (const std::string &s, char delim) {
     std::vector<std::string> result;
@@ -52,6 +54,7 @@ struct LibPDEngine : ScriptEngine {
   	float _input[BUFFERSIZE] = {};//  = (float*)malloc(1024*2*sizeof(float));
   	const static std::map<std::string, int> _light_map;
   	const static std::map<std::string, int> _switchLight_map;
+  	const static std::map<std::string, int> _utility_map;
 
 	std::string getEngineName() override {
 		return "Pure Data";
@@ -131,6 +134,11 @@ struct LibPDEngine : ScriptEngine {
 				sendSwitch(i, block->switches[i]);
 			}
 		}
+
+		// display
+		if(g_display_is_valid){
+			display(g_utility[1]);
+		}
 		// process samples in libpd
 		_ticks = 1;
 		libpd_process_float(_ticks, _input, _output);
@@ -158,7 +166,7 @@ void LibPDEngine::receiveLights(const char *s) {
 	std::vector<std::string> atoms = split (str, ' ');
 
 	if(atoms[0]=="toVCV:"){
-		// light list
+		// parse lights list
 		bool light_is_valid = true;
 		int light_idx = -1;
 		try {
@@ -177,7 +185,7 @@ void LibPDEngine::receiveLights(const char *s) {
 		else {
 			// error
 		}
-
+		// parse switch lights list
 		bool switchLight_is_valid = true;
 		int switchLight_idx = -1;
 		try {
@@ -196,9 +204,34 @@ void LibPDEngine::receiveLights(const char *s) {
 		else {
 			// error
 		}
+
+		// parse switch lights list
+		bool utility_is_valid = true;
+		int utility_idx = -1;
+		try {
+				utility_idx = _utility_map.at(atoms[1]);      // map::at throws an out-of-range
+			}
+		catch (const std::out_of_range& oor) {
+			utility_is_valid = false;
+			//g_display_is_valid = true;
+			//display("Warning:"+atoms[1]+" not found!");
+		}
+		//std::cout << v[1] << ", " << g_led_map[v[1]] << std::endl;
+		if(utility_is_valid && atoms.size()>=3){
+			g_utility[0] = atoms[1]; // display
+			g_utility[1] = {""}; 
+			for(int i=0; i<atoms.size()-2; i++){
+				g_utility[1] += " " +atoms[i+2]; // concatenate message
+			}
+			g_display_is_valid = true;
+		}
+		else {
+			// error
+		}
 	}
 	else { 
-		// do nothing
+		// print out on command line
+		std::cout << std::string(s) << std::endl;
 	}
 }
 
@@ -238,14 +271,23 @@ const std::map<std::string, int> LibPDEngine::_switchLight_map{
  	{ "S6", 5 }
 };
 
+const std::map<std::string, int> LibPDEngine::_utility_map{
+	{ "display", 0 }
+};
+
+
 void LibPDEngine::sendKnob(const int idx, const float value){
 	std::string knob = "K"+std::to_string(idx+1);
-	libpd_float(knob.c_str(), value);
+	libpd_start_message(1);
+    libpd_add_float(value); 
+    libpd_finish_message("fromVCV", knob.c_str());
 }
 
 void LibPDEngine::sendSwitch(const int idx, const bool value){
 	std::string sw = "S"+std::to_string(idx+1);
-	libpd_float(sw.c_str(), value);
+	libpd_start_message(1);
+    libpd_add_float(value); 
+    libpd_finish_message("fromVCV", sw.c_str());
 }
 
 void LibPDEngine::sendInitialStates(const ProcessBlock* block){

From 67cd901396be3c17d8cb248681878e5ae11e860d Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: max <mxa@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Wed, 1 Jul 2020 15:33:21 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 17/27] Pd: added vco.pd example

---
 examples/vco.pd | 20 ++++++++++++++++++++
 1 file changed, 20 insertions(+)
 create mode 100644 examples/vco.pd

diff --git a/examples/vco.pd b/examples/vco.pd
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..313e3d5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/examples/vco.pd
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+#N canvas 3038 579 617 344 12;
+#X obj 61 19 r fromVCV;
+#X obj 61 44 route K1;
+#X obj 61 126 mtof;
+#X obj 61 234 osc~;
+#X obj 61 259 dac~ 1;
+#X obj 61 73 * 120;
+#X obj 61 98 + 15;
+#X obj 147 264 print toVCV;
+#X msg 147 232 desplay Freq: \$1 Hz;
+#X obj 61 164 t f f;
+#X connect 0 0 1 0;
+#X connect 1 0 5 0;
+#X connect 2 0 9 0;
+#X connect 3 0 4 0;
+#X connect 5 0 6 0;
+#X connect 6 0 2 0;
+#X connect 8 0 7 0;
+#X connect 9 0 3 0;
+#X connect 9 1 8 0;

From 5bbc3dd1348ee58d95b6ac09bf4cec5493a8faa0 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: clwe <clemens@chair.audio>
Date: Wed, 1 Jul 2020 15:56:07 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 18/27] PD: fixes initial display, display pd version

---
 examples/gain.pd    | 9 ---------
 src/LibPDEngine.cpp | 6 ++++++
 2 files changed, 6 insertions(+), 9 deletions(-)

diff --git a/examples/gain.pd b/examples/gain.pd
index 8d3b097..a98f6f1 100644
--- a/examples/gain.pd
+++ b/examples/gain.pd
@@ -35,9 +35,6 @@
 #X obj 383 340 == 0;
 #X obj 447 342 == 0;
 #X obj 513 343 == 0;
-#X msg 89 622 display \$1 \$2;
-#X obj 80 582 pack f f;
-#X obj 107 526 t b f;
 #X connect 0 0 2 0;
 #X connect 0 1 3 0;
 #X connect 0 2 4 0;
@@ -71,10 +68,8 @@
 #X connect 27 0 28 0;
 #X connect 28 0 2 1;
 #X connect 28 0 12 0;
-#X connect 28 0 37 0;
 #X connect 28 1 3 1;
 #X connect 28 1 13 0;
-#X connect 28 1 38 0;
 #X connect 28 2 4 1;
 #X connect 28 2 9 0;
 #X connect 28 3 5 1;
@@ -102,7 +97,3 @@
 #X connect 33 0 18 1;
 #X connect 34 0 19 1;
 #X connect 35 0 20 1;
-#X connect 36 0 8 0;
-#X connect 37 0 36 0;
-#X connect 38 0 37 0;
-#X connect 38 1 37 1;
diff --git a/src/LibPDEngine.cpp b/src/LibPDEngine.cpp
index 4f98972..7d15fc9 100644
--- a/src/LibPDEngine.cpp
+++ b/src/LibPDEngine.cpp
@@ -138,6 +138,7 @@ struct LibPDEngine : ScriptEngine {
 		// display
 		if(g_display_is_valid){
 			display(g_utility[1]);
+			g_display_is_valid = false;
 		}
 		// process samples in libpd
 		_ticks = 1;
@@ -296,4 +297,9 @@ void LibPDEngine::sendInitialStates(const ProcessBlock* block){
 		sendKnob(i, block->knobs[i]);
 		sendSwitch(i, block->knobs[i]);
 	}
+	std::string version = "pd "+std::to_string(PD_MAJOR_VERSION)+"."+
+		std::to_string(PD_MINOR_VERSION)+"."
+		+std::to_string(PD_BUGFIX_VERSION);
+
+	display(version);
 }
\ No newline at end of file

From 910dea5b5cdb3cca5768c9ae791ce59a5e8d7d8b Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: max <mxa@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Wed, 1 Jul 2020 15:40:17 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 19/27] Pd: added vco.pd example

---
 examples/vco.pd | 34 +++++++++++++++++++---------------
 1 file changed, 19 insertions(+), 15 deletions(-)

diff --git a/examples/vco.pd b/examples/vco.pd
index 313e3d5..6ee92f7 100644
--- a/examples/vco.pd
+++ b/examples/vco.pd
@@ -1,20 +1,24 @@
-#N canvas 3038 579 617 344 12;
-#X obj 61 19 r fromVCV;
-#X obj 61 44 route K1;
-#X obj 61 126 mtof;
-#X obj 61 234 osc~;
-#X obj 61 259 dac~ 1;
-#X obj 61 73 * 120;
-#X obj 61 98 + 15;
-#X obj 147 264 print toVCV;
-#X msg 147 232 desplay Freq: \$1 Hz;
-#X obj 61 164 t f f;
+#N canvas 832 571 566 366 12;
+#X obj 27 18 r fromVCV;
+#X obj 27 43 route K1;
+#X obj 27 180 mtof;
+#X obj 27 236 osc~;
+#X obj 27 261 dac~ 1;
+#X obj 27 125 * 120;
+#X obj 27 154 + 15;
+#X obj 108 260 print toVCV;
+#X obj 27 207 t f f, f 12;
+#X msg 108 236 display Freq: \$1 Hz;
+#X obj 39 71 loadbang;
+#X msg 39 96 0.5;
 #X connect 0 0 1 0;
 #X connect 1 0 5 0;
-#X connect 2 0 9 0;
+#X connect 2 0 8 0;
 #X connect 3 0 4 0;
 #X connect 5 0 6 0;
 #X connect 6 0 2 0;
-#X connect 8 0 7 0;
-#X connect 9 0 3 0;
-#X connect 9 1 8 0;
+#X connect 8 0 3 0;
+#X connect 8 1 9 0;
+#X connect 9 0 7 0;
+#X connect 10 0 11 0;
+#X connect 11 0 5 0;

From 6b82cc60d7767e17fbeb44f73ef8595526d1878c Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: clwe <clemens@chair.audio>
Date: Wed, 1 Jul 2020 16:09:34 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 20/27] PD: reset global arrays on script reload to fix wrong
 lights display

---
 src/LibPDEngine.cpp | 20 +++++++++++++++++---
 1 file changed, 17 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/LibPDEngine.cpp b/src/LibPDEngine.cpp
index 7d15fc9..fe4199d 100644
--- a/src/LibPDEngine.cpp
+++ b/src/LibPDEngine.cpp
@@ -208,9 +208,8 @@ void LibPDEngine::receiveLights(const char *s) {
 
 		// parse switch lights list
 		bool utility_is_valid = true;
-		int utility_idx = -1;
 		try {
-				utility_idx = _utility_map.at(atoms[1]);      // map::at throws an out-of-range
+				_utility_map.at(atoms[1]);      // map::at throws an out-of-range
 			}
 		catch (const std::out_of_range& oor) {
 			utility_is_valid = false;
@@ -221,7 +220,7 @@ void LibPDEngine::receiveLights(const char *s) {
 		if(utility_is_valid && atoms.size()>=3){
 			g_utility[0] = atoms[1]; // display
 			g_utility[1] = {""}; 
-			for(int i=0; i<atoms.size()-2; i++){
+			for(unsigned i=0; i<atoms.size()-2; i++){
 				g_utility[1] += " " +atoms[i+2]; // concatenate message
 			}
 			g_display_is_valid = true;
@@ -301,5 +300,20 @@ void LibPDEngine::sendInitialStates(const ProcessBlock* block){
 		std::to_string(PD_MINOR_VERSION)+"."
 		+std::to_string(PD_BUGFIX_VERSION);
 
+
+	for(int i=0; i<NUM_ROWS; i++){
+		g_lights[i][0] = 0;
+		g_lights[i][1] = 0;
+		g_lights[i][2] = 0;
+		g_switchLights[i][0] = 0;
+		g_switchLights[i][1] = 0;
+		g_switchLights[i][2] = 0;
+	}
+
+	g_utility[0] = "";
+	g_utility[1] = "";
+
+	g_display_is_valid = false;
+
 	display(version);
 }
\ No newline at end of file

From 486c28e98404f7b97ce665f82332184f6e51ee54 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: max <mxa@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Wed, 1 Jul 2020 18:42:36 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 21/27] Pd: added and updated examples

---
 examples/gain.pd | 126 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++---------------------
 1 file changed, 70 insertions(+), 56 deletions(-)

diff --git a/examples/gain.pd b/examples/gain.pd
index a98f6f1..ebc925e 100644
--- a/examples/gain.pd
+++ b/examples/gain.pd
@@ -1,40 +1,52 @@
-#N canvas 1187 297 729 742 12;
-#X obj 153 257 adc~ 1 2 3 4 5 6, f 47;
-#X obj 153 427 dac~ 1 2 3 4 5 6, f 47;
-#X obj 154 297 *~ 1;
-#X obj 218 296 *~ 1;
-#X obj 282 298 *~ 1;
-#X obj 348 297 *~ 1;
-#X obj 412 297 *~ 1;
-#X obj 478 296 *~ 1;
-#X obj 330 663 print toVCV;
-#X msg 307 476 L3 \$1 0 0;
-#X msg 373 508 L4 \$1 0 0;
-#X msg 503 509 L6 \$1 0 0;
-#X msg 176 475 L1 \$1 0 0;
-#X msg 243 507 L2 \$1 0 0;
-#X msg 437 478 L5 \$1 0 0;
-#X obj 154 376 *~ 1;
-#X obj 218 375 *~ 1;
-#X obj 282 377 *~ 1;
-#X obj 348 376 *~ 1;
-#X obj 412 376 *~ 1;
-#X obj 478 375 *~ 1;
-#X msg 186 565 S1 \$1 0 0;
-#X msg 253 597 S2 \$1 0 0;
-#X msg 317 566 S3 \$1 0 0;
-#X msg 383 599 S4 \$1 0 0;
-#X msg 447 568 S5 \$1 0 0;
-#X msg 513 598 S6 \$1 0 0;
-#X obj 179 104 r fromVCV;
-#X obj 179 143 route K1 K2 K3 K4 K5 K6, f 56;
-#X obj 188 198 route S1 S2 S3 S4 S5 S6, f 56;
-#X obj 187 341 == 0;
-#X obj 253 342 == 0;
-#X obj 317 341 == 0;
-#X obj 383 340 == 0;
-#X obj 447 342 == 0;
-#X obj 513 343 == 0;
+#N canvas 860 318 890 742 12;
+#X obj 117 30 adc~ 1 2 3 4 5 6, f 47;
+#X obj 118 261 dac~ 1 2 3 4 5 6, f 47;
+#X obj 117 98 *~ 1;
+#X obj 182 98 *~ 1;
+#X obj 246 98 *~ 1;
+#X obj 312 98 *~ 1;
+#X obj 376 98 *~ 1;
+#X obj 442 98 *~ 1;
+#X obj 21 422 print toVCV;
+#X msg 171 365 L3 \$1 0 0;
+#X msg 247 365 L4 \$1 0 0;
+#X msg 397 365 L6 \$1 0 0;
+#X msg 21 365 L1 \$1 0 0;
+#X msg 96 365 L2 \$1 0 0;
+#X msg 322 365 L5 \$1 0 0;
+#X obj 118 229 *~ 1;
+#X obj 183 228 *~ 1;
+#X obj 247 228 *~ 1;
+#X obj 313 228 *~ 1;
+#X obj 377 228 *~ 1;
+#X obj 443 228 *~ 1;
+#X msg 21 521 S1 \$1 0 0;
+#X msg 96 522 S2 \$1 0 0;
+#X msg 171 522 S3 \$1 0 0;
+#X msg 247 523 S4 \$1 0 0;
+#X msg 322 523 S5 \$1 0 0;
+#X msg 397 523 S6 \$1 0 0;
+#X obj 20 30 r fromVCV;
+#X obj 142 70 route K1 K2 K3 K4 K5 K6, f 56;
+#X obj 143 169 route S1 S2 S3 S4 S5 S6, f 56;
+#X obj 143 198 == 0;
+#X obj 208 198 == 0;
+#X obj 272 198 == 0;
+#X obj 338 198 == 0;
+#X obj 402 198 == 0;
+#X obj 468 198 == 0;
+#X obj 21 307 r fromVCV;
+#X obj 21 336 route K1 K2 K3 K4 K5 K6, f 65;
+#X obj 21 492 route S1 S2 S3 S4 S5 S6, f 65;
+#X obj 21 463 r fromVCV;
+#X obj 19 134 r fromVCV;
+#X obj 21 569 print toVCV;
+#X text 558 52 Usually we'd interpolate here with line~ but VCVRack
+is already sending one message persample so there seems hardly a point
+to complicate this example., f 38;
+#X text 560 368 Just using the red channels in the RGB triplet for
+the LED., f 35;
+#X text 561 492 Same for the switch., f 35;
 #X connect 0 0 2 0;
 #X connect 0 1 3 0;
 #X connect 0 2 4 0;
@@ -59,41 +71,43 @@
 #X connect 18 0 1 3;
 #X connect 19 0 1 4;
 #X connect 20 0 1 5;
-#X connect 21 0 8 0;
-#X connect 22 0 8 0;
-#X connect 23 0 8 0;
-#X connect 24 0 8 0;
-#X connect 25 0 8 0;
-#X connect 26 0 8 0;
+#X connect 21 0 41 0;
+#X connect 22 0 41 0;
+#X connect 23 0 41 0;
+#X connect 24 0 41 0;
+#X connect 25 0 41 0;
+#X connect 26 0 41 0;
 #X connect 27 0 28 0;
 #X connect 28 0 2 1;
-#X connect 28 0 12 0;
 #X connect 28 1 3 1;
-#X connect 28 1 13 0;
 #X connect 28 2 4 1;
-#X connect 28 2 9 0;
 #X connect 28 3 5 1;
-#X connect 28 3 10 0;
 #X connect 28 4 6 1;
-#X connect 28 4 14 0;
 #X connect 28 5 7 1;
-#X connect 28 5 11 0;
-#X connect 28 6 29 0;
 #X connect 29 0 30 0;
-#X connect 29 0 21 0;
 #X connect 29 1 31 0;
-#X connect 29 1 22 0;
 #X connect 29 2 32 0;
-#X connect 29 2 23 0;
 #X connect 29 3 33 0;
-#X connect 29 3 24 0;
 #X connect 29 4 34 0;
-#X connect 29 4 25 0;
 #X connect 29 5 35 0;
-#X connect 29 5 26 0;
 #X connect 30 0 15 1;
 #X connect 31 0 16 1;
 #X connect 32 0 17 1;
 #X connect 33 0 18 1;
 #X connect 34 0 19 1;
 #X connect 35 0 20 1;
+#X connect 36 0 37 0;
+#X connect 37 0 12 0;
+#X connect 37 1 13 0;
+#X connect 37 2 9 0;
+#X connect 37 3 10 0;
+#X connect 37 4 14 0;
+#X connect 37 5 11 0;
+#X connect 38 0 21 0;
+#X connect 38 1 22 0;
+#X connect 38 2 23 0;
+#X connect 38 3 24 0;
+#X connect 38 4 25 0;
+#X connect 38 5 26 0;
+#X connect 39 0 38 0;
+#X connect 40 0 29 0;

From b26fbd9f8cab7764d34dacf9e6004d829ed324f9 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: max <mxa@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Wed, 1 Jul 2020 18:44:31 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 22/27] Pd: added and updated examples

---
 examples/rainbow.pd | 1020 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 1 file changed, 1020 insertions(+)
 create mode 100644 examples/rainbow.pd

diff --git a/examples/rainbow.pd b/examples/rainbow.pd
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1165921
--- /dev/null
+++ b/examples/rainbow.pd
@@ -0,0 +1,1020 @@
+#N canvas 547 398 649 666 12;
+#N canvas 250 355 563 749 hsv2rgb 0;
+#X obj 20 64 route 0;
+#X msg 20 36 \$2 \$3 \$1;
+#X obj 20 552 f;
+#X obj 66 92 unpack 0 0 0, f 27;
+#X text 87 37 svh;
+#X obj 20 8 inlet hsv;
+#X obj 20 663 outlet rgb;
+#X obj 303 166 * 6;
+#X obj 284 213 % 6;
+#X obj 252 190 t f f;
+#X msg 252 166 0;
+#X text 308 213 i;
+#X obj 252 264 -;
+#X obj 66 501 *;
+#X obj 66 169 - 1;
+#X obj 66 196 * -1;
+#X obj 103 502 *;
+#X obj 103 399 - 1;
+#X obj 103 424 * -1;
+#X obj 103 377 *;
+#X obj 252 288 t f f;
+#X obj 282 311 - 1;
+#X obj 282 334 * -1;
+#X obj 140 503 *;
+#X obj 140 400 - 1;
+#X obj 140 425 * -1;
+#X obj 140 378 *;
+#X obj 66 142 t f f f, f 11;
+#X obj 66 535 pack 0 0 0 0, f 16;
+#N canvas 1219 718 529 336 select 0;
+#X obj 290 37 inlet;
+#X obj 16 281 outlet;
+#X obj 16 58 t b l, f 20;
+#X obj 152 176 unpack 0 0 0 0;
+#X obj 16 29 inlet p q t v;
+#X obj 16 123 i;
+#X obj 16 175 select 0 1 2 3 4 5;
+#X obj 16 239 pack 0 0 0;
+#X obj 16 209 f;
+#X obj 96 239 pack 0 0 0;
+#X obj 96 209 f;
+#X obj 176 239 pack 0 0 0;
+#X obj 176 209 f;
+#X obj 256 239 pack 0 0 0;
+#X obj 256 209 f;
+#X obj 336 239 pack 0 0 0;
+#X obj 336 209 f;
+#X obj 416 239 pack 0 0 0;
+#X obj 416 209 f;
+#X connect 0 0 5 1;
+#X connect 2 0 5 0;
+#X connect 2 1 3 0;
+#X connect 3 0 7 2;
+#X connect 3 0 9 2;
+#X connect 3 0 12 1;
+#X connect 3 0 14 1;
+#X connect 3 0 15 1;
+#X connect 3 0 17 1;
+#X connect 3 1 10 1;
+#X connect 3 1 13 1;
+#X connect 3 1 17 2;
+#X connect 3 2 7 1;
+#X connect 3 2 11 2;
+#X connect 3 2 16 1;
+#X connect 3 3 8 1;
+#X connect 3 3 9 1;
+#X connect 3 3 11 1;
+#X connect 3 3 13 2;
+#X connect 3 3 15 2;
+#X connect 3 3 18 1;
+#X connect 4 0 2 0;
+#X connect 5 0 6 0;
+#X connect 6 0 8 0;
+#X connect 6 1 10 0;
+#X connect 6 2 12 0;
+#X connect 6 3 14 0;
+#X connect 6 4 16 0;
+#X connect 6 5 18 0;
+#X connect 7 0 1 0;
+#X connect 8 0 7 0;
+#X connect 9 0 1 0;
+#X connect 10 0 9 0;
+#X connect 11 0 1 0;
+#X connect 12 0 11 0;
+#X connect 13 0 1 0;
+#X connect 14 0 13 0;
+#X connect 15 0 1 0;
+#X connect 16 0 15 0;
+#X connect 17 0 1 0;
+#X connect 18 0 17 0;
+#X restore 66 560 pd select;
+#X f 28;
+#X msg 20 621 \$1 \$1 \$1;
+#X obj 20 593 clip 0 1;
+#X obj 66 117 clip 0 1;
+#X obj 175 119 clip 0 1;
+#X obj 252 118 clip 0 1;
+#X obj 252 142 select 1;
+#X obj 175 462 t f f f f;
+#X obj 260 237 t f f;
+#X text 26 699 taken from the GEM helpfile hsv2rgb-help;
+#X connect 0 0 2 0;
+#X connect 0 1 3 0;
+#X connect 1 0 0 0;
+#X connect 2 0 31 0;
+#X connect 3 0 32 0;
+#X connect 3 1 33 0;
+#X connect 3 2 34 0;
+#X connect 5 0 1 0;
+#X connect 7 0 9 0;
+#X connect 8 0 37 0;
+#X connect 9 0 12 0;
+#X connect 9 1 8 0;
+#X connect 10 0 9 0;
+#X connect 12 0 20 0;
+#X connect 13 0 28 0;
+#X connect 14 0 15 0;
+#X connect 15 0 13 0;
+#X connect 16 0 28 1;
+#X connect 17 0 18 0;
+#X connect 18 0 16 0;
+#X connect 19 0 17 0;
+#X connect 20 0 19 1;
+#X connect 20 1 21 0;
+#X connect 21 0 22 0;
+#X connect 22 0 26 1;
+#X connect 23 0 28 2;
+#X connect 24 0 25 0;
+#X connect 25 0 23 0;
+#X connect 26 0 24 0;
+#X connect 27 0 14 0;
+#X connect 27 1 19 0;
+#X connect 27 2 26 0;
+#X connect 28 0 29 0;
+#X connect 29 0 6 0;
+#X connect 30 0 6 0;
+#X connect 31 0 30 0;
+#X connect 32 0 27 0;
+#X connect 33 0 36 0;
+#X connect 34 0 35 0;
+#X connect 35 0 10 0;
+#X connect 35 1 7 0;
+#X connect 36 0 13 1;
+#X connect 36 1 16 1;
+#X connect 36 2 23 1;
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+#X obj 252 142 select 1;
+#X obj 175 462 t f f f f;
+#X obj 260 237 t f f;
+#X text 26 699 taken from the GEM helpfile hsv2rgb-help;
+#X connect 0 0 2 0;
+#X connect 0 1 3 0;
+#X connect 1 0 0 0;
+#X connect 2 0 31 0;
+#X connect 3 0 32 0;
+#X connect 3 1 33 0;
+#X connect 3 2 34 0;
+#X connect 5 0 1 0;
+#X connect 7 0 9 0;
+#X connect 8 0 37 0;
+#X connect 9 0 12 0;
+#X connect 9 1 8 0;
+#X connect 10 0 9 0;
+#X connect 12 0 20 0;
+#X connect 13 0 28 0;
+#X connect 14 0 15 0;
+#X connect 15 0 13 0;
+#X connect 16 0 28 1;
+#X connect 17 0 18 0;
+#X connect 18 0 16 0;
+#X connect 19 0 17 0;
+#X connect 20 0 19 1;
+#X connect 20 1 21 0;
+#X connect 21 0 22 0;
+#X connect 22 0 26 1;
+#X connect 23 0 28 2;
+#X connect 24 0 25 0;
+#X connect 25 0 23 0;
+#X connect 26 0 24 0;
+#X connect 27 0 14 0;
+#X connect 27 1 19 0;
+#X connect 27 2 26 0;
+#X connect 28 0 29 0;
+#X connect 29 0 6 0;
+#X connect 30 0 6 0;
+#X connect 31 0 30 0;
+#X connect 32 0 27 0;
+#X connect 33 0 36 0;
+#X connect 34 0 35 0;
+#X connect 35 0 10 0;
+#X connect 35 1 7 0;
+#X connect 36 0 13 1;
+#X connect 36 1 16 1;
+#X connect 36 2 23 1;
+#X connect 36 3 28 3;
+#X connect 37 0 29 1;
+#X connect 37 1 12 1;
+#X restore 509 303 pd hsv2rgb;
+#X msg 125 360 S2 \$1 \$2 \$3;
+#X msg 221 360 S3 \$1 \$2 \$3;
+#X msg 317 360 S4 \$1 \$2 \$3;
+#X msg 413 360 S5 \$1 \$2 \$3;
+#X msg 509 360 S6 \$1 \$2 \$3;
+#X obj 29 480 loadbang;
+#X obj 29 534 print toVCV;
+#X obj 30 92 metro 2000;
+#X msg 62 386 L1 \$1 \$2 \$3;
+#X msg 158 386 L2 \$1 \$2 \$3;
+#X msg 254 386 L3 \$1 \$2 \$3;
+#X msg 350 386 L4 \$1 \$2 \$3;
+#X msg 447 386 L5 \$1 \$2 \$3;
+#X msg 542 386 L6 \$1 \$2 \$3;
+#X obj 266 534 dac~ 1 2 3 4 5 6;
+#X msg 29 506 display Hello world!;
+#X obj 29 329 t l l;
+#X obj 125 329 t l l;
+#X obj 221 329 t l l;
+#X obj 317 329 t l l;
+#X obj 413 329 t l l;
+#X obj 509 329 t l l;
+#X msg 125 276 \$1 1 1;
+#X msg 30 118 0 \, 100 2000;
+#X obj 125 201 + 16.6667;
+#X obj 125 227 % 100;
+#X obj 29 249 / 100;
+#X obj 125 252 / 100;
+#X obj 221 224 % 100;
+#X obj 221 249 / 100;
+#X msg 221 275 \$1 1 1;
+#X obj 317 225 % 100;
+#X obj 317 250 / 100;
+#X msg 317 276 \$1 1 1;
+#X obj 413 226 % 100;
+#X obj 413 251 / 100;
+#X msg 413 277 \$1 1 1;
+#X obj 509 226 % 100;
+#X obj 509 251 / 100;
+#X msg 509 277 \$1 1 1;
+#X obj 221 198 + 33.3334;
+#X obj 413 200 + 66.6667;
+#X obj 509 200 + 83.3334;
+#X obj 29 167 t f f f f f f, f 69;
+#X obj 317 199 + 50;
+#X connect 0 0 29 0;
+#X connect 2 0 1 0;
+#X connect 3 0 4 0;
+#X connect 4 0 6 0;
+#X connect 5 0 0 0;
+#X connect 6 0 20 0;
+#X connect 7 0 56 0;
+#X connect 8 0 30 0;
+#X connect 9 0 31 0;
+#X connect 10 0 32 0;
+#X connect 11 0 33 0;
+#X connect 12 0 34 0;
+#X connect 13 0 1 0;
+#X connect 14 0 1 0;
+#X connect 15 0 1 0;
+#X connect 16 0 1 0;
+#X connect 17 0 1 0;
+#X connect 18 0 28 0;
+#X connect 20 0 36 0;
+#X connect 21 0 1 0;
+#X connect 22 0 1 0;
+#X connect 23 0 1 0;
+#X connect 24 0 1 0;
+#X connect 25 0 1 0;
+#X connect 26 0 1 0;
+#X connect 28 0 19 0;
+#X connect 29 0 2 0;
+#X connect 29 1 21 0;
+#X connect 30 0 13 0;
+#X connect 30 1 22 0;
+#X connect 31 0 14 0;
+#X connect 31 1 23 0;
+#X connect 32 0 15 0;
+#X connect 32 1 24 0;
+#X connect 33 0 16 0;
+#X connect 33 1 25 0;
+#X connect 34 0 17 0;
+#X connect 34 1 26 0;
+#X connect 35 0 8 0;
+#X connect 36 0 7 0;
+#X connect 37 0 38 0;
+#X connect 38 0 40 0;
+#X connect 39 0 5 0;
+#X connect 40 0 35 0;
+#X connect 41 0 42 0;
+#X connect 42 0 43 0;
+#X connect 43 0 9 0;
+#X connect 44 0 45 0;
+#X connect 45 0 46 0;
+#X connect 46 0 10 0;
+#X connect 47 0 48 0;
+#X connect 48 0 49 0;
+#X connect 49 0 11 0;
+#X connect 50 0 51 0;
+#X connect 51 0 52 0;
+#X connect 52 0 12 0;
+#X connect 53 0 41 0;
+#X connect 54 0 47 0;
+#X connect 55 0 50 0;
+#X connect 56 0 39 0;
+#X connect 56 1 37 0;
+#X connect 56 2 53 0;
+#X connect 56 3 57 0;
+#X connect 56 4 54 0;
+#X connect 56 5 55 0;
+#X connect 57 0 44 0;

From 65c7ba13da77a2eded0df4a8ba41c4ddbf0a9fe6 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: clwe <clemens@chair.audio>
Date: Wed, 1 Jul 2020 19:17:31 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 23/27] PD: audio output correction factor x4, shows version
 before loading patch

---
 src/LibPDEngine.cpp | 23 +++++++++++++----------
 1 file changed, 13 insertions(+), 10 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/LibPDEngine.cpp b/src/LibPDEngine.cpp
index fe4199d..381714d 100644
--- a/src/LibPDEngine.cpp
+++ b/src/LibPDEngine.cpp
@@ -86,6 +86,12 @@ struct LibPDEngine : ScriptEngine {
 	  	libpd_start_message(1); // one enstry in list
 	  	libpd_add_float(1.0f);
 	  	libpd_finish_message("pd", "dsp");
+
+	  	std::string version = "pd "+std::to_string(PD_MAJOR_VERSION)+"."+
+									std::to_string(PD_MINOR_VERSION)+"."+
+									std::to_string(PD_BUGFIX_VERSION);
+
+		display(version);
 	  
 	    std::string name = string::filename(path);
 	    std::string dir  = string::directory(path);
@@ -147,7 +153,8 @@ struct LibPDEngine : ScriptEngine {
 		//return samples to prototype
 		for (int s = 0; s < _pd_block_size; s++) {
 		    for (int r = 0; r < rows; r++) {
-		    	block->outputs[r][s] = _output[s*rows+r];
+		    	block->outputs[r][s] = _output[s*rows+r] * 4;
+		    	// there is a correction multilpier, because libpd's output is too quiet(?)
 		    }
 		  }
 
@@ -231,7 +238,7 @@ void LibPDEngine::receiveLights(const char *s) {
 	}
 	else { 
 		// print out on command line
-		std::cout << std::string(s) << std::endl;
+		std::cout << "libpd prototype unrecognizes message: " << std::string(s) << std::endl;
 	}
 }
 
@@ -296,10 +303,6 @@ void LibPDEngine::sendInitialStates(const ProcessBlock* block){
 		sendKnob(i, block->knobs[i]);
 		sendSwitch(i, block->knobs[i]);
 	}
-	std::string version = "pd "+std::to_string(PD_MAJOR_VERSION)+"."+
-		std::to_string(PD_MINOR_VERSION)+"."
-		+std::to_string(PD_BUGFIX_VERSION);
-
 
 	for(int i=0; i<NUM_ROWS; i++){
 		g_lights[i][0] = 0;
@@ -310,10 +313,10 @@ void LibPDEngine::sendInitialStates(const ProcessBlock* block){
 		g_switchLights[i][2] = 0;
 	}
 
-	g_utility[0] = "";
-	g_utility[1] = "";
+	//g_utility[0] = "";
+	//g_utility[1] = "";
 
-	g_display_is_valid = false;
+	//g_display_is_valid = false;
 
-	display(version);
+	
 }
\ No newline at end of file

From f9f07f9e86f2a69e6ad02afb79dbb80b04315e3a Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: max <mxa@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Wed, 1 Jul 2020 19:13:17 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 24/27] Pd: updated rainbow example

---
 examples/rainbow.pd | 120 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++-------------
 1 file changed, 84 insertions(+), 36 deletions(-)

diff --git a/examples/rainbow.pd b/examples/rainbow.pd
index 1165921..11d6266 100644
--- a/examples/rainbow.pd
+++ b/examples/rainbow.pd
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-#N canvas 547 398 649 666 12;
+#N canvas 547 398 828 731 12;
 #N canvas 250 355 563 749 hsv2rgb 0;
 #X obj 20 64 route 0;
 #X msg 20 36 \$2 \$3 \$1;
@@ -148,12 +148,12 @@
 #X connect 36 3 28 3;
 #X connect 37 0 29 1;
 #X connect 37 1 12 1;
-#X restore 29 303 pd hsv2rgb;
-#X obj 29 438 print toVCV;
-#X msg 29 360 S1 \$1 \$2 \$3;
+#X restore 29 343 pd hsv2rgb;
+#X obj 29 478 print toVCV;
+#X msg 29 400 S1 \$1 \$2 \$3;
 #X obj 30 16 loadbang;
 #X msg 30 41 1;
-#X msg 29 275 \$1 1 1;
+#X msg 29 315 \$1 1 1;
 #X obj 30 67 tgl 15 0 empty empty empty 17 7 0 10 -262144 -1 -1 1 1
 ;
 #X obj 30 143 line;
@@ -306,7 +306,7 @@
 #X connect 36 3 28 3;
 #X connect 37 0 29 1;
 #X connect 37 1 12 1;
-#X restore 125 303 pd hsv2rgb;
+#X restore 125 343 pd hsv2rgb;
 #N canvas 250 355 563 749 hsv2rgb 0;
 #X obj 20 64 route 0;
 #X msg 20 36 \$2 \$3 \$1;
@@ -456,7 +456,7 @@
 #X connect 36 3 28 3;
 #X connect 37 0 29 1;
 #X connect 37 1 12 1;
-#X restore 221 303 pd hsv2rgb;
+#X restore 221 343 pd hsv2rgb;
 #N canvas 250 355 563 749 hsv2rgb 0;
 #X obj 20 64 route 0;
 #X msg 20 36 \$2 \$3 \$1;
@@ -606,7 +606,7 @@
 #X connect 36 3 28 3;
 #X connect 37 0 29 1;
 #X connect 37 1 12 1;
-#X restore 317 303 pd hsv2rgb;
+#X restore 317 343 pd hsv2rgb;
 #N canvas 250 355 563 749 hsv2rgb 0;
 #X obj 20 64 route 0;
 #X msg 20 36 \$2 \$3 \$1;
@@ -756,7 +756,7 @@
 #X connect 36 3 28 3;
 #X connect 37 0 29 1;
 #X connect 37 1 12 1;
-#X restore 413 303 pd hsv2rgb;
+#X restore 413 343 pd hsv2rgb;
 #N canvas 250 355 563 749 hsv2rgb 0;
 #X obj 20 64 route 0;
 #X msg 20 36 \$2 \$3 \$1;
@@ -906,30 +906,30 @@
 #X connect 36 3 28 3;
 #X connect 37 0 29 1;
 #X connect 37 1 12 1;
-#X restore 509 303 pd hsv2rgb;
-#X msg 125 360 S2 \$1 \$2 \$3;
-#X msg 221 360 S3 \$1 \$2 \$3;
-#X msg 317 360 S4 \$1 \$2 \$3;
-#X msg 413 360 S5 \$1 \$2 \$3;
-#X msg 509 360 S6 \$1 \$2 \$3;
-#X obj 29 480 loadbang;
-#X obj 29 534 print toVCV;
+#X restore 509 343 pd hsv2rgb;
+#X msg 125 400 S2 \$1 \$2 \$3;
+#X msg 221 400 S3 \$1 \$2 \$3;
+#X msg 317 400 S4 \$1 \$2 \$3;
+#X msg 413 400 S5 \$1 \$2 \$3;
+#X msg 509 400 S6 \$1 \$2 \$3;
+#X obj 294 17 loadbang;
+#X obj 294 71 print toVCV;
 #X obj 30 92 metro 2000;
-#X msg 62 386 L1 \$1 \$2 \$3;
-#X msg 158 386 L2 \$1 \$2 \$3;
-#X msg 254 386 L3 \$1 \$2 \$3;
-#X msg 350 386 L4 \$1 \$2 \$3;
-#X msg 447 386 L5 \$1 \$2 \$3;
-#X msg 542 386 L6 \$1 \$2 \$3;
-#X obj 266 534 dac~ 1 2 3 4 5 6;
-#X msg 29 506 display Hello world!;
-#X obj 29 329 t l l;
-#X obj 125 329 t l l;
-#X obj 221 329 t l l;
-#X obj 317 329 t l l;
-#X obj 413 329 t l l;
-#X obj 509 329 t l l;
-#X msg 125 276 \$1 1 1;
+#X msg 62 426 L1 \$1 \$2 \$3;
+#X msg 158 426 L2 \$1 \$2 \$3;
+#X msg 254 426 L3 \$1 \$2 \$3;
+#X msg 350 426 L4 \$1 \$2 \$3;
+#X msg 447 426 L5 \$1 \$2 \$3;
+#X msg 542 426 L6 \$1 \$2 \$3;
+#X obj 29 592 dac~ 1 2 3 4 5 6, f 69;
+#X msg 294 43 display Hello world!;
+#X obj 29 369 t l l;
+#X obj 125 369 t l l;
+#X obj 221 369 t l l;
+#X obj 317 369 t l l;
+#X obj 413 369 t l l;
+#X obj 509 369 t l l;
+#X msg 125 316 \$1 1 1;
 #X msg 30 118 0 \, 100 2000;
 #X obj 125 201 + 16.6667;
 #X obj 125 227 % 100;
@@ -937,21 +937,45 @@
 #X obj 125 252 / 100;
 #X obj 221 224 % 100;
 #X obj 221 249 / 100;
-#X msg 221 275 \$1 1 1;
+#X msg 221 315 \$1 1 1;
 #X obj 317 225 % 100;
 #X obj 317 250 / 100;
-#X msg 317 276 \$1 1 1;
+#X msg 317 316 \$1 1 1;
 #X obj 413 226 % 100;
 #X obj 413 251 / 100;
-#X msg 413 277 \$1 1 1;
+#X msg 413 317 \$1 1 1;
 #X obj 509 226 % 100;
 #X obj 509 251 / 100;
-#X msg 509 277 \$1 1 1;
+#X msg 509 317 \$1 1 1;
 #X obj 221 198 + 33.3334;
 #X obj 413 200 + 66.6667;
 #X obj 509 200 + 83.3334;
 #X obj 29 167 t f f f f f f, f 69;
 #X obj 317 199 + 50;
+#X obj 40 281 s out1;
+#X obj 30 511 r out1;
+#X obj 127 511 r out2;
+#X obj 316 509 r out4;
+#X obj 223 509 r out3;
+#X obj 413 509 r out5;
+#X obj 508 507 r out6;
+#X obj 136 282 s out2;
+#X obj 229 283 s out3;
+#X obj 328 283 s out4;
+#X obj 427 286 s out5;
+#X obj 529 284 s out6;
+#X obj 127 536 cos~;
+#X obj 222 534 cos~;
+#X obj 316 534 cos~;
+#X obj 413 534 cos~;
+#X obj 508 532 cos~;
+#X obj 30 564 +~ 1;
+#X obj 30 536 cos~;
+#X obj 126 562 +~ 1;
+#X obj 222 561 +~ 1;
+#X obj 316 559 +~ 1;
+#X obj 413 560 +~ 1;
+#X obj 508 560 +~ 1;
 #X connect 0 0 29 0;
 #X connect 2 0 1 0;
 #X connect 3 0 4 0;
@@ -995,18 +1019,24 @@
 #X connect 37 0 38 0;
 #X connect 38 0 40 0;
 #X connect 39 0 5 0;
+#X connect 39 0 58 0;
 #X connect 40 0 35 0;
+#X connect 40 0 65 0;
 #X connect 41 0 42 0;
 #X connect 42 0 43 0;
+#X connect 42 0 66 0;
 #X connect 43 0 9 0;
 #X connect 44 0 45 0;
 #X connect 45 0 46 0;
+#X connect 45 0 67 0;
 #X connect 46 0 10 0;
 #X connect 47 0 48 0;
 #X connect 48 0 49 0;
+#X connect 48 0 68 0;
 #X connect 49 0 11 0;
 #X connect 50 0 51 0;
 #X connect 51 0 52 0;
+#X connect 51 0 69 0;
 #X connect 52 0 12 0;
 #X connect 53 0 41 0;
 #X connect 54 0 47 0;
@@ -1018,3 +1048,21 @@
 #X connect 56 4 54 0;
 #X connect 56 5 55 0;
 #X connect 57 0 44 0;
+#X connect 59 0 76 0;
+#X connect 60 0 70 0;
+#X connect 61 0 72 0;
+#X connect 62 0 71 0;
+#X connect 63 0 73 0;
+#X connect 64 0 74 0;
+#X connect 70 0 77 0;
+#X connect 71 0 78 0;
+#X connect 72 0 79 0;
+#X connect 73 0 80 0;
+#X connect 74 0 81 0;
+#X connect 75 0 27 0;
+#X connect 76 0 75 0;
+#X connect 77 0 27 1;
+#X connect 78 0 27 2;
+#X connect 79 0 27 3;
+#X connect 80 0 27 4;
+#X connect 81 0 27 5;

From 572ae136f80b722723e9ac7ae226013582437b7d Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: clwe <clemens@chair.audio>
Date: Wed, 1 Jul 2020 19:22:35 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 25/27] PD: audio output correction factor is x5

---
 src/LibPDEngine.cpp | 2 +-
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/src/LibPDEngine.cpp b/src/LibPDEngine.cpp
index 381714d..606bf9f 100644
--- a/src/LibPDEngine.cpp
+++ b/src/LibPDEngine.cpp
@@ -153,7 +153,7 @@ struct LibPDEngine : ScriptEngine {
 		//return samples to prototype
 		for (int s = 0; s < _pd_block_size; s++) {
 		    for (int r = 0; r < rows; r++) {
-		    	block->outputs[r][s] = _output[s*rows+r] * 4;
+		    	block->outputs[r][s] = _output[s*rows+r] * 5;
 		    	// there is a correction multilpier, because libpd's output is too quiet(?)
 		    }
 		  }

From 59e8f388bb3915c5f0273fc96e9ba267b8a3110a Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: max <mxa@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Thu, 2 Jul 2020 01:15:16 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 26/27] Added info to README.md

---
 Makefile  |  9 +++------
 README.md | 19 +++++++++++++++++++
 2 files changed, 22 insertions(+), 6 deletions(-)

diff --git a/Makefile b/Makefile
index 56e4eab..8a08076 100644
--- a/Makefile
+++ b/Makefile
@@ -14,21 +14,18 @@ DISTRIBUTABLES += $(wildcard LICENSE*)
 include $(RACK_DIR)/arch.mk
 
 DUKTAPE ?= 0
-QUICKJS ?= 0
+QUICKJS ?= 1
 LUAJIT ?= 1
 PYTHON ?= 0
 SUPERCOLLIDER ?= 0
-<<<<<<< HEAD
 VULT ?= 1
+LIBPD ?= 1
 
 # Vult depends on both LuaJIT and QuickJS
 ifeq ($(VULT), 1)
 QUICKJS := 1
 LUAJIT := 1
 endif
-=======
-LIBPD ?= 1
->>>>>>> implements Makefile build flow
 
 # Entropia File System Watcher
 efsw := dep/lib/libefsw-static-release.a
@@ -41,7 +38,7 @@ $(efsw):
 	cd efsw && cp lib/libefsw-static-release.a $(DEP_PATH)/lib/
 	cd efsw && cp -R include/efsw $(DEP_PATH)/include/
 
-# LibPD
+# libpd
 ifeq ($(LIBPD), 1)
 libpd := dep/lib/libpd.a
 SOURCES += src/LibPDEngine.cpp
diff --git a/README.md b/README.md
index 268cc6c..8d6bc4b 100644
--- a/README.md
+++ b/README.md
@@ -11,6 +11,7 @@ Supported scripting languages:
 - JavaScript (ES2020) (.js)
 - [Lua](https://www.lua.org/) (.lua)
 - [Vult](https://github.com/modlfo/vult) (.vult)
+- [Pure Data](https://puredata.info) (.pd)
 - [Add your own below](#adding-a-script-engine)
 
 [Discussion thread](https://community.vcvrack.com/t/vcv-prototype/3271)
@@ -116,6 +117,23 @@ sudo apt install premake4
 sudo pacman -S premake
 ```
 
+## Build
+### Add path to Rack-SDK
+```bash
+export RACK_DIR=/set/path/to/Rack-SDK/
+```
+
+### load submodules
+```bash
+git submodule update --init --recursive
+```
+
+### Make
+```bash
+make dep
+make
+```
+
 ## Adding a script engine
 
 - Add your scripting language library to the build system so it builds with `make dep`, following the Duktape example in `Makefile`.
@@ -131,4 +149,5 @@ sudo pacman -S premake
 - [Andrew Belt](https://github.com/AndrewBelt): host code, Duktape (JavaScript, not used), LuaJIT (Lua), Python (in development)
 - [Jerry Sievert](https://github.com/JerrySievert): QuickJS (JavaScript)
 - [Leonardo Laguna Ruiz](https://github.com/modlfo): Vult
+- [CHAIR](https://chair.audio) [Clemens Wegener (libpd), Max Neupert (patches)] : libpd
 - add your name here

From 2d8748675208b3c97908663eb33499dbf4213d11 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: max <mxa@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Thu, 2 Jul 2020 02:03:33 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 27/27] Pd: updated rainbow example

---
 examples/rainbow.pd | 164 ++++++++++++++++++++++++--------------------
 1 file changed, 88 insertions(+), 76 deletions(-)

diff --git a/examples/rainbow.pd b/examples/rainbow.pd
index 11d6266..c67a266 100644
--- a/examples/rainbow.pd
+++ b/examples/rainbow.pd
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-#N canvas 547 398 828 731 12;
+#N canvas 698 144 821 731 12;
 #N canvas 250 355 563 749 hsv2rgb 0;
 #X obj 20 64 route 0;
 #X msg 20 36 \$2 \$3 \$1;
@@ -912,8 +912,6 @@
 #X msg 317 400 S4 \$1 \$2 \$3;
 #X msg 413 400 S5 \$1 \$2 \$3;
 #X msg 509 400 S6 \$1 \$2 \$3;
-#X obj 294 17 loadbang;
-#X obj 294 71 print toVCV;
 #X obj 30 92 metro 2000;
 #X msg 62 426 L1 \$1 \$2 \$3;
 #X msg 158 426 L2 \$1 \$2 \$3;
@@ -922,7 +920,6 @@
 #X msg 447 426 L5 \$1 \$2 \$3;
 #X msg 542 426 L6 \$1 \$2 \$3;
 #X obj 29 592 dac~ 1 2 3 4 5 6, f 69;
-#X msg 294 43 display Hello world!;
 #X obj 29 369 t l l;
 #X obj 125 369 t l l;
 #X obj 221 369 t l l;
@@ -930,7 +927,6 @@
 #X obj 413 369 t l l;
 #X obj 509 369 t l l;
 #X msg 125 316 \$1 1 1;
-#X msg 30 118 0 \, 100 2000;
 #X obj 125 201 + 16.6667;
 #X obj 125 227 % 100;
 #X obj 29 249 / 100;
@@ -976,93 +972,109 @@
 #X obj 316 559 +~ 1;
 #X obj 413 560 +~ 1;
 #X obj 508 560 +~ 1;
-#X connect 0 0 29 0;
+#N canvas 0 68 624 300 display 0;
+#X obj 29 10 loadbang;
+#X msg 29 34 44;
+#X obj 29 140 print toVCV;
+#X obj 29 90 list prepend display;
+#X obj 29 115 list trim;
+#X obj 29 62 makefilename Hello%c\ world!;
+#X text 264 22 A somewhat ugly workaround just to print a comma. In
+Pd \, commas separate messages., f 32;
+#X connect 0 0 1 0;
+#X connect 1 0 5 0;
+#X connect 3 0 4 0;
+#X connect 4 0 2 0;
+#X connect 5 0 3 0;
+#X restore 229 19 pd display;
+#X text 608 326 This should be an abstraction \, but to keep the example
+directory tidy it here is duplicated code., f 28;
+#X msg 30 118 100 \, 0 2000;
+#X connect 0 0 26 0;
 #X connect 2 0 1 0;
 #X connect 3 0 4 0;
 #X connect 4 0 6 0;
 #X connect 5 0 0 0;
-#X connect 6 0 20 0;
-#X connect 7 0 56 0;
-#X connect 8 0 30 0;
-#X connect 9 0 31 0;
-#X connect 10 0 32 0;
-#X connect 11 0 33 0;
-#X connect 12 0 34 0;
+#X connect 6 0 18 0;
+#X connect 7 0 52 0;
+#X connect 8 0 27 0;
+#X connect 9 0 28 0;
+#X connect 10 0 29 0;
+#X connect 11 0 30 0;
+#X connect 12 0 31 0;
 #X connect 13 0 1 0;
 #X connect 14 0 1 0;
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