#pragma once

#include <cmath>
#include <random>
#include "rack.hpp"
#include "dsp/resampler.hpp"
#include "DSPEffect.hpp"

using namespace rack;

const static float TWOPI = lroundf(M_PI * 2.);

namespace dsp {

/**
 * @brief Basic leaky integrator
 */
struct Integrator {
    float d = 0.25f;
    float value = 0.f;

    /**
     * @brief Add value to integrator
     * @param x Input sample
     * @param Fn
     * @return Current integrator state
     */
    float add(float x, float Fn);
};


/**
 * @brief Filter out DC offset / 1-Pole HP Filter
 */
struct DCBlocker {
    double r = 0.999;
    double xm1 = 0.f, ym1 = 0.f;

    DCBlocker(double r);

    /**
     * @brief Filter signal
     * @param x Input sample
     * @return Filtered output
     */
    double filter(double x);
};


/**
 * @brief Simple 6dB lowpass filter
 */
struct LP6DBFilter {
private:
    float RC;
    float dt;
    float alpha;
    float y0;
    float fc;

public:

    /**
     * @brief Create a new filter with a given cutoff frequency
     * @param fc cutoff frequency
     * @param factor Oversampling factor
     */
    LP6DBFilter(float fc, int factor) {
        updateFrequency(fc, factor);
        y0 = 0.f;
    }


    /**
     * @brief Set new cutoff frequency
     * @param fc cutoff frequency
     */
    void updateFrequency(float fc, int factor);

    /**
     * @brief Filter signal
     * @param x Input sample
     * @return Filtered output
     */
    float filter(float x);
};


/**
 * @brief Simple noise generator
 */
struct Noise {

    Noise() {}


    float nextFloat(float gain) {
        static std::default_random_engine e;
        static std::uniform_real_distribution<> dis(0, 1); // rage 0 - 1
        return (float) dis(e) * gain;
    }
};


/**
 * @brief Simple oversampling class
 * @deprecated Use resampler instead
 */
template<int OVERSAMPLE, int CHANNELS>
struct OverSampler {

    struct Vector {
        float y0, y1;
    };

    Vector y[CHANNELS] = {};
    float up[CHANNELS][OVERSAMPLE] = {};
    float data[CHANNELS][OVERSAMPLE] = {};
   rack::Decimator<OVERSAMPLE, OVERSAMPLE> decimator[CHANNELS];
    int factor = OVERSAMPLE;


    /**
     * @brief Constructor
     * @param factor Oversampling factor
     */
    OverSampler() {}


    /**
     * @brief Return linear interpolated position
     * @param point Point in oversampled data
     * @return
     */
    float interpolate(int channel, int point) {
        return y[channel].y0 + (point / factor) * (y[channel].y1 - y[channel].y0);
    }


    /**
     * @brief Create up-sampled data out of two basic values
     */
    void doUpsample(int channel) {
        for (int i = 0; i < factor; i++) {
            up[channel][i] = interpolate(channel, i + 1);
        }
    }


    /**
     * @brief Downsample data from a given channel
     * @param channel Channel to proccess
     * @return Downsampled point
     */
    float getDownsampled(int channel) {
        return decimator[channel].process(data[channel]);
    }


    /**
     * @brief Step to next sample point
     * @param y Next sample point
     */
    void next(int channel, float n) {
        y[channel].y0 = y[channel].y1;
        y[channel].y1 = n;
    }
};


/**
 * @brief Fast sin approximation
 * @param angle Angle
 * @return App. value
 */
inline float fastSin(float angle) {
    float sqr = angle * angle;
    float result = -2.39e-08f;
    result *= sqr;
    result += 2.7526e-06f;
    result *= sqr;
    result -= 1.98409e-04f;
    result *= sqr;
    result += 8.3333315e-03f;
    result *= sqr;
    result -= 1.666666664e-01f;
    result *= sqr;
    result += 1.0f;
    result *= angle;
    return result;
}


float wrapTWOPI(float n);

float getPhaseIncrement(float frq);

float clipl(float in, float clip);

float cliph(float in, float clip);

float BLIT(float N, float phase);

float shape1(float a, float x);

double saturate(double x, double a);

double overdrive(double input);

float shape2(float a, float x);


/**
 * @brief Double version of clamp
 * @param x
 * @param min
 * @param max
 * @return
 */
inline double clampd(double x, double min, double max) {
    return fmax(fmin(x, max), min);
}


/**
 * @brief Soft clipping
 * @param x
 * @param sat
 * @param satinv
 * @return
 */
inline float clip(float x, float sat, float satinv) {
    float v2 = (x * satinv > 1 ? 1 :
                (x * satinv < -1 ? -1 :
                 x * satinv));
    return (sat * (v2 - (1.f / 3.f) * v2 * v2 * v2));
}


/**
 * @brief Clamp without branching
 * @param input Input sample
 * @return
 */
inline double saturate2(double input) { //clamp without branching
    const double _limit = 0.3;
    double x1 = fabs(input + _limit);
    double x2 = fabs(input - _limit);
    return 0.5 * (x1 - x2);
}


/**
 * @brief Fast arctan approximation, corresponds to tanhf() but decreases y to infinity
 * @param x
 * @return
 */
inline float fastatan(float x) {
    return (x / (1.0f + 0.28f * (x * x)));
}


/**
 * @brief Linear fade of two points
 * @param a Point 1
 * @param b Point 2
 * @param n Fade value
 * @return
 */
inline float fade2(float a, float b, float n) {
    return (1 - n) * a + n * b;
}


/**
 * @brief Linear fade of five points
 * @param a Point 1
 * @param b Point 2
 * @param c Point 3
 * @param d Point 4
 * @param e Point 5
 * @param n Fade value
 * @return
 */
inline float fade5(float a, float b, float c, float d, float e, float n) {
    if (n >= 0 && n < 1) {
        return fade2(a, b, n);
    } else if (n >= 1 && n < 2) {
        return fade2(b, c, n - 1);
    } else if (n >= 2 && n < 3) {
        return fade2(c, d, n - 2);
    } else if (n >= 3 && n < 4) {
        return fade2(d, e, n - 3);
    }

    return e;
}


/**
* @brief Shapes between 0..1 with a log type courve
* @param x
* @return
*/
inline float cubicShape(float x) {
    return (x - 1.f) * (x - 1.f) * (x - 1.f) + 1.f;
}


/**
 * @brief ArcTan like shaper for foldback distortion
 * @param x
 * @return
 */
inline float atanShaper(float x) {
    return x / (1.f + (0.28f * x * x));
}


/** Generate chebyshev polynoms
 * @brief
 * @param x Input sample
 * @param A ?
 * @param order Polynom order
 * @return
 */
inline float chebyshev(float x, float A[], int order) {
    // To = 1
    // T1 = x
    // Tn = 2.x.Tn-1 - Tn-2
    // out = sum(Ai*Ti(x)) , i C {1,..,order}
    float Tn_2 = 1.0f;
    float Tn_1 = x;
    float Tn;
    float out = A[0] * Tn_1;

    for (int n = 2; n <= order; n++) {
        Tn = 2.0f * x * Tn_1 - Tn_2;
        out += A[n - 1] * Tn;
        Tn_2 = Tn_1;
        Tn_1 = Tn;
    }
    return out;
}


/**
 * @brief Signum function
 * @param x
 * @return
 */
inline double sign(double x) {
    if (x > 0) return 1;
    if (x < 0) return -1;
    return 0;
}


/**
 * @brief Signum function
 * @param x
 * @return
 */
inline float sign(float x) {
    if (x > 0) return 1;
    if (x < 0) return -1;
    return 0;
}


/**
 * @brief Lambert-W function using Halley's method
 *        see: http://smc2017.aalto.fi/media/materials/proceedings/SMC17_p336.pdf
 * @param x
 * @param ln1
 * @return
 */
inline double lambert_W_Halley(double x, double ln1) {
    double w;
    double p, r, s, err;
    double expw;

    // if (!isnan(ln1) || !isfinite(ln1)) ln1 = 0.;

    // initial guess, previous value
    w = ln1;

//    debug("x: %f  ln1: %f", x, ln1);

    // Haley's method (Sec. 4.2 of the paper)
    for (int i = 0; i < 100; i++) {
        expw = pow(M_E, w);

        p = w * expw - x;
        r = (w + 1.) * expw;
        s = (w + 2.) / (2. * (w + 1.));
        err = (p / (r - (p * s)));

        if (abs(err) < 10e-12) {
            break;
        }

        w = w - err;
    }

    return w;
}


/**
 * @brief
 *
 * This function evaluates the upper branch of the Lambert-W function for
 * real input x.
 *
 * Function written by F. Esqueda 2/10/17 based on implementation presented
 * by Darko Veberic - "Lambert W Function for Applications in Physics"
 * Available at https://arxiv.org/pdf/1209.0735.pdf
 *
 * @param x input
 * @return W(x)
 */
inline double lambert_W_Fritsch(double x) {
    double num, den;
    double w, w1, a, b, ia;
    double z, q, e;

    if (x < 0.14546954290661823) {
        num = 1 + 5.931375839364438 * x + 11.39220550532913 * x * x + 7.33888339911111 * x * x * x + 0.653449016991959 * x * x * x * x;
        den = 1 + 6.931373689597704 * x + 16.82349461388016 * x * x + 16.43072324143226 * x * x * x + 5.115235195211697 * x * x * x * x;

        w = x * num / den;
    } else if (x < 8.706658967856612) {
        num = 1 + 2.4450530707265568 * x + 1.3436642259582265 * x * x + 0.14844005539759195 * x * x * x +
              0.0008047501729130 * x * x * x * x;
        den = 1 + 3.4447089864860025 * x + 3.2924898573719523 * x * x + 0.9164600188031222 * x * x * x +
              0.05306864044833221 * x * x * x * x;

        w = x * num / den;
    } else {
        a = log(x);
        b = log(a);
        ia = 1. / a;
        w = a - b + (b * ia) * 0.5 * b * (b - 2.) * (ia * ia) + (1. / 6.) * (2. * b * b - 9. * b + 6.) * (ia * ia * ia);
    }


    for (int i = 0; i < 20; i++) {
        w1 = w + 1.;
        z = log(x) - log(w) - w;
        q = 2. * w1 * (w1 + (2. / 3.) * z);
        e = (z / w1) * ((q - z) / (q - 2. * z));

        if (abs(e) < 10e-12) {
            break;
        }
    }

    return w;
}


/**
 * @brief Implementation of the error function
 * @brief https://www.johndcook.com/blog/cpp_erf/
 *
 * @param x input
 * @return erf(x)
 */
inline double erf(const double x) {
    double a1 = 0.254829592;
    double a2 = -0.284496736;
    double a3 = 1.421413741;
    double a4 = -1.453152027;
    double a5 = 1.061405429;
    double p = 0.3275911;

    // save sign in coefficent
    int sign = (x < 0) ? -1 : 1;

    double xa = fabs(x);

    // A&S formula 7.1.26
    double t = 1.0 / (1.0 + p * xa);
    double y = 1.0 - (((((a5 * t + a4) * t) + a3) * t + a2) * t + a1) * t * exp(-xa * xa);

    return sign * y;
}


/**
 * @brief Approximates log to the base of 2 with optimized code.
 * @brief https://www.ebayinc.com/stories/blogs/tech/fast-approximate-logarithms-part-i-the-basics/
 * @param x
 * @return
 */
inline float fastlog2(float x)  // compute log2(x) by reducing x to [0.75, 1.5)
{
    // a*(x-1)^2 + b*(x-1) approximates log2(x) when 0.75 <= x < 1.5
    const float a = -.6296735;
    const float b = 1.466967;
    float signif, fexp;
    int exp;
    float lg2;
    union {
        float f;
        unsigned int i;
    } ux1, ux2;
    int greater; // really a boolean
    /*
     * Assume IEEE representation, which is sgn(1):exp(8):frac(23)
     * representing (1+frac)*2^(exp-127)  Call 1+frac the significand
     */

    // get exponent
    ux1.f = x;
    exp = (ux1.i & 0x7F800000) >> 23;
    // actual exponent is exp-127, will subtract 127 later

    greater = ux1.i & 0x00400000;  // true if signif > 1.5
    if (greater) {
        // signif >= 1.5 so need to divide by 2.  Accomplish this by
        // stuffing exp = 126 which corresponds to an exponent of -1
        ux2.i = (ux1.i & 0x007FFFFF) | 0x3f000000;
        signif = ux2.f;
        fexp = exp - 126;    // 126 instead of 127 compensates for division by 2
        signif = signif - 1.0;                    // <
        lg2 = fexp + a * signif * signif + b * signif;  // <
    } else {
        // get signif by stuffing exp = 127 which corresponds to an exponent of 0
        ux2.i = (ux1.i & 0x007FFFFF) | 0x3f800000;
        signif = ux2.f;
        fexp = exp - 127;
        signif = signif - 1.0;                    // <<--
        lg2 = fexp + a * signif * signif + b * signif;  // <<--
    }
    // lines marked <<-- are common code, but optimize better
    //  when duplicated, at least when using gcc
    return (lg2);
}


/**
 * @brief Fast natural log to the base of e using the optimized approximation of log2.
 * @param x
 * @return
 */
inline float fastlog(float x) {
    return 0.6931472f * fastlog2(x);
}


/**
 * @brief Fast pow() approximation
 * @brief https://martin.ankerl.com/2012/01/25/optimized-approximative-pow-in-c-and-cpp/
 * @param a base
 * @param b exponent
 * @return
 */
inline double fastPow(double a, double b) {
    union {
        double d;
        int x[2];
    } u = {a};
    u.x[1] = (int) (b * (u.x[1] - 1072632447) + 1072632447);
    u.x[0] = 0;
    return u.d;
}


// should be much more precise with large b
inline double fastPrecisePow(double a, double b) {
    // calculate approximation with fraction of the exponent
    int e = (int) b;
    union {
        double d;
        int x[2];
    } u = {a};
    u.x[1] = (int) ((b - e) * (u.x[1] - 1072632447) + 1072632447);
    u.x[0] = 0;

    // exponentiation by squaring with the exponent's integer part
    // double r = u.d makes everything much slower, not sure why
    double r = 1.0;
    while (e) {
        if (e & 1) {
            r *= a;
        }
        a *= a;
        e >>= 1;
    }

    return r * u.d;
}


/**
 * @brief Unaccurate approcimation of the LambertW function for x>0
 * @brief usable my waveshaper applications
 * @param x
 * @return
 */
inline double fakedLambertW(double x) {
    return log(x + 1);
}

} // namespace dsp