JUCE/modules/juce_blocks_basics/protocol/juce_BitPackingUtilities.h

/*
  ==============================================================================

   This file is part of the JUCE library.
   Copyright (c) 2020 - Raw Material Software Limited

   JUCE is an open source library subject to commercial or open-source
   licensing.

   The code included in this file is provided under the terms of the ISC license
   http://www.isc.org/downloads/software-support-policy/isc-license. Permission
   To use, copy, modify, and/or distribute this software for any purpose with or
   without fee is hereby granted provided that the above copyright notice and
   this permission notice appear in all copies.

   JUCE IS PROVIDED "AS IS" WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY, AND ALL WARRANTIES, WHETHER
   EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR PURPOSE, ARE
   DISCLAIMED.

  ==============================================================================
*/

namespace juce
{
namespace BlocksProtocol
{

/**
    All sysex messages to or from a BLOCKS device begin with these header bytes.
    The next byte that follows indicates the device index within the topology, where
    the 0x40 bit is set for device->host messages, and clear for host->device messages.
    The lower 6 bits contain the topology index of the destination or source device.
*/
static const uint8 roliSysexHeader[] = { 0xf0, 0x00, 0x21, 0x10, 0x77 };


static uint8 calculatePacketChecksum (const uint8* data, uint32 size) noexcept
{
    uint8 checksum = (uint8) size;

    for (uint32 i = 0; i < size; ++i)
        checksum = static_cast<uint8> (checksum + (checksum * 2 + data[i]));

    return checksum & 0x7f;
}


//==============================================================================
/**
    Helper class to define an integer with a specific bit size.

    @tags{Blocks}
*/
template <int numBits>
struct IntegerWithBitSize
{
    IntegerWithBitSize() = default;
    IntegerWithBitSize (const IntegerWithBitSize&) = default;
    IntegerWithBitSize& operator= (const IntegerWithBitSize&) = default;

    IntegerWithBitSize (uint32 v) noexcept : value (v)
    {
        static_assert (numBits <= 32, "numBits must be <= 32");
        jassert (v >= 0 && v <= maxValue);
    }

    enum
    {
        bits = numBits,
        maxValue = static_cast<uint32> ((1ULL << numBits) - 1ULL)
    };

    operator uint32() const noexcept            { return value; }
    uint32 get() const noexcept                 { return value; }

    uint8 getScaledToByte() const noexcept
    {
        return (uint8) (numBits < 8 ? (uint32) (value << (8 - numBits))
                                    : (uint32) (value >> (numBits - 8)));
    }

    float toUnipolarFloat() const noexcept      { return (float) value / (float) maxValue; }
    float toBipolarFloat() const noexcept       { return (float) static_cast<int32> (value << (32 - numBits)) / (float) 0x80000000u; }

    static IntegerWithBitSize fromUnipolarFloat (float value) noexcept
    {
        static_assert (numBits <= 31, "numBits must be <= 31");
        return IntegerWithBitSize ((uint32) jlimit (0, (int) maxValue, (int) (value * maxValue)));
    }

    static IntegerWithBitSize fromBipolarFloat (float value) noexcept
    {
        static_assert (numBits <= 31, "numBits must be <= 31");
        return IntegerWithBitSize (maxValue & (uint32) jlimit ((int) -(maxValue / 2), (int) (maxValue / 2), (int) (value * (maxValue / 2))));
    }

    uint32 value = 0;
};

//==============================================================================
/**
    This helper class allocates a block of 7-bit bytes and can push sequences of bits into it.
    @see Packed7BitArrayReader

    @tags{Blocks}
*/
template <int allocatedBytes>
struct Packed7BitArrayBuilder
{
    const void* getData() const noexcept        { return data; }
    int size() const noexcept                   { return bytesWritten + (bitsInCurrentByte > 0 ? 1 : 0); }

    bool hasCapacity (int bitsNeeded) const noexcept
    {
        return ((bytesWritten + 2) * 7 + bitsInCurrentByte + bitsNeeded) <= allocatedBytes * 7;
    }

    void writeHeaderSysexBytes (uint8 deviceIndex) noexcept
    {
        jassert (bytesWritten + bitsInCurrentByte == 0);

        for (int i = 0; i < (int) sizeof (roliSysexHeader); ++i)
            data[bytesWritten++] = roliSysexHeader[i];

        jassert (deviceIndex < 128);
        data[bytesWritten++] = deviceIndex & 0x7f;
    }

    void writePacketSysexFooter() noexcept
    {
        if (bitsInCurrentByte != 0)
        {
            bitsInCurrentByte = 0;
            ++bytesWritten;
        }

        jassert (hasCapacity (0));

        uint32 headerBytes = (uint32) sizeof (roliSysexHeader) + 1;
        data[bytesWritten] = calculatePacketChecksum (data + headerBytes, (uint32) bytesWritten - headerBytes);
        ++bytesWritten;

        data[bytesWritten++] = 0xf7;
    }

    template <int numBits>
    Packed7BitArrayBuilder& operator<< (IntegerWithBitSize<numBits> value) noexcept
    {
        writeBits (value.value, numBits);
        return *this;
    }

    void writeBits (uint32 value, int numBits) noexcept
    {
        jassert (numBits <= 32);
        jassert (hasCapacity (numBits));
        jassert (numBits == 32 || (value >> numBits) == 0);

        while (numBits > 0)
        {
            if (bitsInCurrentByte == 0)
            {
                if (numBits < 7)
                {
                    data[bytesWritten] = (uint8) value;
                    bitsInCurrentByte = numBits;
                    return;
                }

                if (numBits == 7)
                {
                    data[bytesWritten++] = (uint8) value;
                    return;
                }

                data[bytesWritten++] = (uint8) (value & 0x7f);
                value >>= 7;
                numBits -= 7;
            }
            else
            {
                const int bitsToDo = jmin (7 - bitsInCurrentByte, numBits);

                data[bytesWritten] = static_cast<uint8> (data[bytesWritten] | ((value & (uint32) ((1 << bitsToDo) - 1)) << bitsInCurrentByte));
                value >>= bitsToDo;
                numBits -= bitsToDo;
                bitsInCurrentByte += bitsToDo;

                if (bitsInCurrentByte == 7)
                {
                    bitsInCurrentByte = 0;
                    ++bytesWritten;
                }
            }
        }
    }

    /** Describes the current building state */
    struct State
    {
        int bytesWritten, bitsInCurrentByte;
    };

    State getState() const noexcept
    {
        return { bytesWritten, bitsInCurrentByte };
    }

    void restore (State state) noexcept
    {
        bytesWritten = state.bytesWritten;
        bitsInCurrentByte = state.bitsInCurrentByte;
    }

private:
    uint8 data[(size_t) allocatedBytes];
    int bytesWritten = 0, bitsInCurrentByte = 0;
};


//==============================================================================
/**
    This helper class reads from a block of 7-bit bytes as sequences of bits.
    @see Packed7BitArrayBuilder

    @tags{Blocks}
*/
struct Packed7BitArrayReader
{
    Packed7BitArrayReader (const void* sourceData, int numBytes) noexcept
        : data (static_cast<const uint8*> (sourceData)), totalBits (numBytes * 7)
    {
    }

    int getRemainingBits() const noexcept
    {
        return totalBits - bitsReadInCurrentByte;
    }

    template <typename Target>
    Target read() noexcept
    {
        return Target (readBits (Target::bits));
    }

    uint32 readBits (int numBits) noexcept
    {
        jassert (numBits <= 32);
        jassert (getRemainingBits() >= numBits);

        uint32 value = 0;
        int bitsSoFar = 0;

        while (numBits > 0)
        {
            const auto valueInCurrentByte = (uint32) (*data >> bitsReadInCurrentByte);

            const int bitsAvailable = 7 - bitsReadInCurrentByte;

            if (bitsAvailable > numBits)
            {
                value |= ((valueInCurrentByte & (uint32) ((1 << numBits) - 1)) << bitsSoFar);
                bitsReadInCurrentByte += numBits;
                break;
            }

            value |= (valueInCurrentByte << bitsSoFar);
            numBits -= bitsAvailable;
            bitsSoFar += bitsAvailable;
            bitsReadInCurrentByte = 0;
            ++data;
            totalBits -= 7;
        }

        return value;
    }

    static bool checksumIsOK (const uint8* data, uint32 size) noexcept
    {
        return size > 1 && calculatePacketChecksum (data, size - 1) == data[size - 1];
    }

private:
    const uint8* data;
    int totalBits, bitsReadInCurrentByte = 0;
};

} // namespace BlocksProtocol
} // namespace juce