Clang versions 5 to 8 inclusive seem to struggle to compile JUCE when
JUCE_BEGIN_NO_SANITIZE is used. This is unexpected, as simpler programs
using the same macro definitions compile correctly on clang 5.

This commit removes the various compiler-specific JUCE_DEPRECATED macros and replaces them with C++14's deprecated attribute. It also removes the JUCE_CATCH_DEPRECATED_CODE_MISUSE flag as we can rely on the override specifier catching usage of these old virtual methods, and tidies up the DOXYGEN preprocessor checks as they were inconsistent across the codebase.

This behaves a lot like jassert, but will never emit unused-variable
warnings.

See BREAKING-CHANGES.txt for more details.