Added some methods to allow ReferenceCountedObjectPtrs to be constructed or copied from references as well as pointers - as well as increasing safety, this actually makes things a bit more efficient as it skips a nullptr check. Updated lots of places in the code that could take advantage of this

extras/Projucer/Source/Licenses/jucer_LicenseThread.h

@@ -269,10 +269,10 @@ struct LicenseThread : NetWorkerThread
 
             if (productKey.isNotEmpty())
             {
-                DynamicObject::Ptr redeamObject = new DynamicObject();
-                redeamObject->setProperty (serialIdentifier, productKey);
+                DynamicObject::Ptr redeemObject (new DynamicObject());
+                redeemObject->setProperty (serialIdentifier, productKey);
 
-                String postData (JSON::toString (var (redeamObject.get())));
+                String postData (JSON::toString (var (redeemObject.get())));
 
                 std::unique_ptr<WebInputStream> shared (getSharedWebInputStream (URL ("https://api.roli.com/api/v1/user/products").withPOSTData (postData),
                                                                                  true));
@@ -295,12 +295,12 @@ struct LicenseThread : NetWorkerThread
             if (chosenLicenseType.isNotEmpty())
             {
                 // redeem the license
-                DynamicObject::Ptr jsonLicenseObject = new DynamicObject();
+                DynamicObject::Ptr jsonLicenseObject (new DynamicObject());
                 jsonLicenseObject->setProperty (projucerLicenseTypeIdentifier, chosenLicenseType);
                 jsonLicenseObject->setProperty (versionIdentifier,     5);
 
 
-                DynamicObject::Ptr jsonLicenseRequest = new DynamicObject();
+                DynamicObject::Ptr jsonLicenseRequest (new DynamicObject());
                 jsonLicenseRequest->setProperty (licenseIdentifier, var (jsonLicenseObject.get()));
                 jsonLicenseRequest->setProperty (searchInternalIdentifier, "com.roli.projucer");
                 jsonLicenseRequest->setProperty (licenseTypeIdentifier, "software");

extras/Projucer/Source/LiveBuildEngine/jucer_CompileEngineClient.h

@@ -119,7 +119,7 @@ struct ChildProcessCache
     {
         for (auto& p : processes)
             if (&(p->project) == &project)
-                return p;
+                return *p;
 
         return {};
     }
@@ -132,7 +132,7 @@ struct ChildProcessCache
         auto p = new CompileEngineChildProcess (project);
         tellNewProcessAboutExistingEditors (*p);
         processes.add (p);
-        return p;
+        return *p;
     }
 
     static void tellNewProcessAboutExistingEditors (CompileEngineChildProcess& process)

extras/Projucer/Source/ProjectSaving/jucer_ProjectExport_Android.h

@@ -355,7 +355,7 @@ protected:
 
     BuildConfiguration::Ptr createBuildConfig (const ValueTree& v) const override
     {
-        return new AndroidBuildConfiguration (project, v, *this);
+        return *new AndroidBuildConfiguration (project, v, *this);
     }
 
 private:

extras/Projucer/Source/ProjectSaving/jucer_ProjectExport_CLion.h

@@ -49,7 +49,7 @@ protected:
 
     BuildConfiguration::Ptr createBuildConfig (const ValueTree& tree) const override
     {
-        return new CLionBuildConfiguration (project, tree, *this);
+        return *new CLionBuildConfiguration (project, tree, *this);
     }
 
 public:

extras/Projucer/Source/ProjectSaving/jucer_ProjectExport_CodeBlocks.h

@@ -235,7 +235,7 @@ private:
 
     BuildConfiguration::Ptr createBuildConfig (const ValueTree& tree) const override
     {
-        return new CodeBlocksBuildConfiguration (project, tree, *this);
+        return *new CodeBlocksBuildConfiguration (project, tree, *this);
     }
 
     //==============================================================================

extras/Projucer/Source/ProjectSaving/jucer_ProjectExport_MSVC.h

@@ -1517,7 +1517,7 @@ protected:
 
     BuildConfiguration::Ptr createBuildConfig (const ValueTree& v) const override
     {
-        return new MSVCBuildConfiguration (project, v, *this);
+        return *new MSVCBuildConfiguration (project, v, *this);
     }
 
     StringArray getHeaderSearchPaths (const BuildConfiguration& config) const

extras/Projucer/Source/ProjectSaving/jucer_ProjectExport_Make.h

@@ -78,7 +78,7 @@ protected:
 
     BuildConfiguration::Ptr createBuildConfig (const ValueTree& tree) const override
     {
-        return new MakeBuildConfiguration (project, tree, *this);
+        return *new MakeBuildConfiguration (project, tree, *this);
     }
 
 public:

extras/Projucer/Source/ProjectSaving/jucer_ProjectExport_Xcode.h

@@ -625,7 +625,7 @@ protected:
 
     BuildConfiguration::Ptr createBuildConfig (const ValueTree& v) const override
     {
-        return new XcodeBuildConfiguration (project, v, iOS, *this);
+        return *new XcodeBuildConfiguration (project, v, iOS, *this);
     }
 
 public:
@@ -3078,7 +3078,7 @@ private:
 
         for (auto& type : getiOSAppIconTypes())
         {
-            DynamicObject::Ptr d = new DynamicObject();
+            DynamicObject::Ptr d (new DynamicObject());
             d->setProperty ("idiom",    type.idiom);
             d->setProperty ("size",     type.sizeString);
             d->setProperty ("filename", type.filename);
@@ -3146,7 +3146,7 @@ private:
 
         for (auto& type : getiOSLaunchImageTypes())
         {
-            DynamicObject::Ptr d = new DynamicObject();
+            DynamicObject::Ptr d (new DynamicObject());
             d->setProperty ("orientation", type.orientation);
             d->setProperty ("idiom", type.idiom);
             d->setProperty ("extent",  type.extent);

modules/juce_audio_processors/processors/juce_AudioProcessorGraph.cpp

@@ -686,7 +686,7 @@ struct RenderSequenceBuilder
         if (numOuts == 0)
             totalLatency = maxLatency;
 
-        sequence.addProcessOp (&node, audioChannelsToUse, totalChans, midiBufferToUse);
+        sequence.addProcessOp (node, audioChannelsToUse, totalChans, midiBufferToUse);
     }
 
     //==============================================================================

modules/juce_blocks_basics/topology/juce_PhysicalTopologySource.cpp

@@ -1318,7 +1318,7 @@ struct PhysicalTopologySource::Internal
                         bi->rotation = 0;
                     }
 
-                    layoutNeighbours (block, topology, block->uid, visited);
+                    layoutNeighbours (*block, topology, block->uid, visited);
                 }
             }
         }
@@ -1327,7 +1327,7 @@ struct PhysicalTopologySource::Internal
         {
             for (auto& block : topology.blocks)
                 if (block->uid == uid)
-                    return block;
+                    return *block;
 
             return {};
         }

modules/juce_core/containers/juce_ReferenceCountedArray.h

@@ -178,7 +178,7 @@ public:
     */
     inline ObjectClassPtr operator[] (int index) const noexcept
     {
-        return getObjectPointer (index);
+        return ObjectClassPtr (getObjectPointer (index));
     }
 
     /** Returns a pointer to the object at this index in the array, without checking
@@ -189,7 +189,7 @@ public:
     */
     inline ObjectClassPtr getUnchecked (int index) const noexcept
     {
-        return getObjectPointerUnchecked (index);
+        return ObjectClassPtr (getObjectPointerUnchecked (index));
     }
 
     /** Returns a raw pointer to the object at this index in the array.
@@ -253,7 +253,7 @@ public:
         if (numUsed > 0)
         {
             jassert (data.elements != nullptr);
-            return data.elements[numUsed - 1];
+            return ObjectClassPtr (data.elements[numUsed - 1]);
         }
 
         return {};

modules/juce_core/javascript/juce_Javascript.cpp

@@ -81,13 +81,13 @@ struct JavascriptEngine::RootObject   : public DynamicObject
     void execute (const String& code)
     {
         ExpressionTreeBuilder tb (code);
-        std::unique_ptr<BlockStatement> (tb.parseStatementList())->perform (Scope (nullptr, this, this), nullptr);
+        std::unique_ptr<BlockStatement> (tb.parseStatementList())->perform (Scope ({}, *this, *this), nullptr);
     }
 
     var evaluate (const String& code)
     {
         ExpressionTreeBuilder tb (code);
-        return ExpPtr (tb.parseExpression())->getResult (Scope (nullptr, this, this));
+        return ExpPtr (tb.parseExpression())->getResult (Scope ({}, *this, *this));
     }
 
     //==============================================================================
@@ -210,7 +210,7 @@ struct JavascriptEngine::RootObject   : public DynamicObject
 
             for (int i = 0; i < props.size(); ++i)
                 if (auto* o = props.getValueAt (i).getDynamicObject())
-                    if (Scope (this, root, o).findAndInvokeMethod (function, args, result))
+                    if (Scope (this, *root, *o).findAndInvokeMethod (function, args, result))
                         return true;
 
             return false;
@@ -833,7 +833,7 @@ struct JavascriptEngine::RootObject   : public DynamicObject
             tb.parseFunctionParamsAndBody (*this);
         }
 
-        DynamicObject::Ptr clone() override    { return new FunctionObject (*this); }
+        DynamicObject::Ptr clone() override    { return *new FunctionObject (*this); }
 
         void writeAsJSON (OutputStream& out, int /*indentLevel*/, bool /*allOnOneLine*/, int /*maximumDecimalPlaces*/) override
         {
@@ -1875,7 +1875,7 @@ var JavascriptEngine::callFunction (const Identifier& function, const var::Nativ
     {
         prepareTimeout();
         if (result != nullptr) *result = Result::ok();
-        RootObject::Scope ({}, root, root).findAndInvokeMethod (function, args, returnVal);
+        RootObject::Scope ({}, *root, *root).findAndInvokeMethod (function, args, returnVal);
     }
     catch (String& error)
     {
@@ -1894,8 +1894,9 @@ var JavascriptEngine::callFunctionObject (DynamicObject* objectScope, const var&
     {
         prepareTimeout();
         if (result != nullptr) *result = Result::ok();
-        RootObject::Scope rootScope ({}, root, root);
-        RootObject::Scope (&rootScope, root, objectScope).invokeMethod (functionObject, args, returnVal);
+        RootObject::Scope rootScope ({}, *root, *root);
+        RootObject::Scope (&rootScope, *root, DynamicObject::Ptr (objectScope))
+            .invokeMethod (functionObject, args, returnVal);
     }
     catch (String& error)
     {

modules/juce_core/maths/juce_Expression.cpp

@@ -112,9 +112,9 @@ struct Expression::Helpers
 
         Type getType() const noexcept                { return constantType; }
         Term* clone() const                          { return new Constant (value, isResolutionTarget); }
-        TermPtr resolve (const Scope&, int)          { return this; }
+        TermPtr resolve (const Scope&, int)          { return *this; }
         double toDouble() const                      { return value; }
-        TermPtr negated()                            { return new Constant (-value, isResolutionTarget); }
+        TermPtr negated()                            { return *new Constant (-value, isResolutionTarget); }
 
         String toString() const
         {
@@ -152,15 +152,15 @@ struct Expression::Helpers
 
         TermPtr resolve (const Scope& scope, int recursionDepth)
         {
-            return new Constant (performFunction (left ->resolve (scope, recursionDepth)->toDouble(),
-                                                  right->resolve (scope, recursionDepth)->toDouble()), false);
+            return *new Constant (performFunction (left ->resolve (scope, recursionDepth)->toDouble(),
+                                                   right->resolve (scope, recursionDepth)->toDouble()), false);
         }
 
         String toString() const
         {
             String s;
-
-            const int ourPrecendence = getOperatorPrecedence();
+            auto ourPrecendence = getOperatorPrecedence();
+
             if (left->getOperatorPrecedence() > ourPrecendence)
                 s << '(' << left->toString() << ')';
             else
@@ -188,7 +188,7 @@ struct Expression::Helpers
             if (auto dest = findDestinationFor (topLevelTerm, this))
                 return dest->createTermToEvaluateInput (scope, this, overallTarget, topLevelTerm);
 
-            return new Constant (overallTarget, false);
+            return *new Constant (overallTarget, false);
         }
     };
 
@@ -261,7 +261,7 @@ struct Expression::Helpers
                 result = scope.evaluateFunction (functionName, nullptr, 0);
             }
 
-            return new Constant (result, false);
+            return *new Constant (result, false);
         }
 
         int getInputIndexFor (const Term* possibleInput) const
@@ -300,7 +300,7 @@ struct Expression::Helpers
     class DotOperator  : public BinaryTerm
     {
     public:
-        DotOperator (SymbolTerm* const l, TermPtr r)  : BinaryTerm (l, r) {}
+        DotOperator (SymbolTerm* l, TermPtr r)  : BinaryTerm (TermPtr (l), r) {}
 
         TermPtr resolve (const Scope& scope, int recursionDepth)
         {
@@ -311,7 +311,7 @@ struct Expression::Helpers
             return visitor.output;
         }
 
-        Term* clone() const                             { return new DotOperator (getSymbol(), right.get()); }
+        Term* clone() const                             { return new DotOperator (getSymbol(), *right); }
         String getName() const                          { return "."; }
         int getOperatorPrecedence() const               { return 1; }
         void writeOperator (String& dest) const         { dest << '.'; }
@@ -414,11 +414,11 @@ struct Expression::Helpers
         int getInputIndexFor (const Term* possibleInput) const  { return possibleInput == input ? 0 : -1; }
         int getNumInputs() const                                { return 1; }
         Term* getInput (int index) const                        { return index == 0 ? input.get() : nullptr; }
-        Term* clone() const                                     { return new Negate (input->clone()); }
+        Term* clone() const                                     { return new Negate (*input->clone()); }
 
         TermPtr resolve (const Scope& scope, int recursionDepth)
         {
-            return new Constant (-input->resolve (scope, recursionDepth)->toDouble(), false);
+            return *new Constant (-input->resolve (scope, recursionDepth)->toDouble(), false);
         }
 
         String getName() const          { return "-"; }
@@ -431,8 +431,8 @@ struct Expression::Helpers
 
             const Term* const dest = findDestinationFor (topLevelTerm, this);
 
-            return new Negate (dest == nullptr ? new Constant (overallTarget, false)
-                                               : dest->createTermToEvaluateInput (scope, this, overallTarget, topLevelTerm));
+            return *new Negate (dest == nullptr ? TermPtr (*new Constant (overallTarget, false))
+                                                : dest->createTermToEvaluateInput (scope, this, overallTarget, topLevelTerm));
         }
 
         String toString() const
@@ -453,7 +453,7 @@ struct Expression::Helpers
     public:
         Add (TermPtr l, TermPtr r) : BinaryTerm (l, r) {}
 
-        Term* clone() const                     { return new Add (left->clone(), right->clone()); }
+        Term* clone() const                     { return new Add (*left->clone(), *right->clone()); }
         double performFunction (double lhs, double rhs) const    { return lhs + rhs; }
         int getOperatorPrecedence() const       { return 3; }
         String getName() const                  { return "+"; }
@@ -462,7 +462,7 @@ struct Expression::Helpers
         TermPtr createTermToEvaluateInput (const Scope& scope, const Term* input, double overallTarget, Term* topLevelTerm) const
         {
             if (auto newDest = createDestinationTerm (scope, input, overallTarget, topLevelTerm))
-                return new Subtract (newDest, (input == left ? right : left)->clone());
+                return *new Subtract (newDest, *(input == left ? right : left)->clone());
 
             return {};
         }
@@ -477,7 +477,7 @@ struct Expression::Helpers
     public:
         Subtract (TermPtr l, TermPtr r) : BinaryTerm (l, r) {}
 
-        Term* clone() const                     { return new Subtract (left->clone(), right->clone()); }
+        Term* clone() const                     { return new Subtract (*left->clone(), *right->clone()); }
         double performFunction (double lhs, double rhs) const    { return lhs - rhs; }
         int getOperatorPrecedence() const       { return 3; }
         String getName() const                  { return "-"; }
@@ -488,9 +488,9 @@ struct Expression::Helpers
             if (auto newDest = createDestinationTerm (scope, input, overallTarget, topLevelTerm))
             {
                 if (input == left)
-                    return new Add (newDest, right->clone());
+                    return *new Add (*newDest, *right->clone());
 
-                return new Subtract (left->clone(), newDest);
+                return *new Subtract (*left->clone(), *newDest);
             }
 
             return {};
@@ -506,7 +506,7 @@ struct Expression::Helpers
     public:
         Multiply (TermPtr l, TermPtr r) : BinaryTerm (l, r) {}
 
-        Term* clone() const                     { return new Multiply (left->clone(), right->clone()); }
+        Term* clone() const                     { return new Multiply (*left->clone(), *right->clone()); }
         double performFunction (double lhs, double rhs) const    { return lhs * rhs; }
         String getName() const                  { return "*"; }
         void writeOperator (String& dest) const { dest << " * "; }
@@ -515,7 +515,7 @@ struct Expression::Helpers
         TermPtr createTermToEvaluateInput (const Scope& scope, const Term* input, double overallTarget, Term* topLevelTerm) const
         {
             if (auto newDest = createDestinationTerm (scope, input, overallTarget, topLevelTerm))
-                return new Divide (newDest, (input == left ? right : left)->clone());
+                return *new Divide (newDest, *(input == left ? right : left)->clone());
 
             return {};
         }
@@ -529,7 +529,7 @@ struct Expression::Helpers
     public:
         Divide (TermPtr l, TermPtr r) : BinaryTerm (l, r) {}
 
-        Term* clone() const                     { return new Divide (left->clone(), right->clone()); }
+        Term* clone() const                     { return new Divide (*left->clone(), *right->clone()); }
         double performFunction (double lhs, double rhs) const    { return lhs / rhs; }
         String getName() const                  { return "/"; }
         void writeOperator (String& dest) const { dest << " / "; }
@@ -537,14 +537,15 @@ struct Expression::Helpers
 
         TermPtr createTermToEvaluateInput (const Scope& scope, const Term* input, double overallTarget, Term* topLevelTerm) const
         {
-            const TermPtr newDest (createDestinationTerm (scope, input, overallTarget, topLevelTerm));
+            auto newDest = createDestinationTerm (scope, input, overallTarget, topLevelTerm);
+
             if (newDest == nullptr)
                 return {};
 
             if (input == left)
-                return new Multiply (newDest, right->clone());
+                return *new Multiply (*newDest, *right->clone());
 
-            return new Divide (left->clone(), newDest);
+            return *new Divide (*left->clone(), *newDest);
         }
 
         JUCE_DECLARE_NON_COPYABLE (Divide)
@@ -598,11 +599,8 @@ struct Expression::Helpers
         }
 
         for (int i = 0; i < numIns; ++i)
-        {
-            Constant* const c = findTermToAdjust (term->getInput (i), mustBeFlagged);
-            if (c != nullptr)
+            if (auto c = findTermToAdjust (term->getInput (i), mustBeFlagged))
                 return c;
-        }
 
         return nullptr;
     }
@@ -659,9 +657,9 @@ struct Expression::Helpers
         TermPtr readUpToComma()
         {
             if (text.isEmpty())
-                return new Constant (0.0, false);
+                return *new Constant (0.0, false);
 
-            const TermPtr e (readExpression());
+            auto e = readExpression();
 
             if (e == nullptr || ((! readOperator (",")) && ! text.isEmpty()))
                 return parseError ("Syntax error: \"" + String (text) + "\"");
@@ -674,12 +672,12 @@ struct Expression::Helpers
     private:
         String::CharPointerType& text;
 
-        Term* parseError (const String& message)
+        TermPtr parseError (const String& message)
         {
             if (error.isEmpty())
                 error = message;
 
-            return nullptr;
+            return {};
         }
 
         //==============================================================================
@@ -774,20 +772,20 @@ struct Expression::Helpers
 
         TermPtr readExpression()
         {
-            TermPtr lhs (readMultiplyOrDivideExpression());
-
+            auto lhs = readMultiplyOrDivideExpression();
             char opType;
+
             while (lhs != nullptr && readOperator ("+-", &opType))
             {
-                TermPtr rhs (readMultiplyOrDivideExpression());
+                auto rhs = readMultiplyOrDivideExpression();
 
                 if (rhs == nullptr)
                     return parseError ("Expected expression after \"" + String::charToString ((juce_wchar) (uint8) opType) + "\"");
 
                 if (opType == '+')
-                    lhs = new Add (lhs, rhs);
+                    lhs = *new Add (lhs, rhs);
                 else
-                    lhs = new Subtract (lhs, rhs);
+                    lhs = *new Subtract (lhs, rhs);
             }
 
             return lhs;
@@ -795,9 +793,9 @@ struct Expression::Helpers
 
         TermPtr readMultiplyOrDivideExpression()
         {
-            TermPtr lhs (readUnaryExpression());
-
+            auto lhs = readUnaryExpression();
             char opType;
+
             while (lhs != nullptr && readOperator ("*/", &opType))
             {
                 TermPtr rhs (readUnaryExpression());
@@ -806,9 +804,9 @@ struct Expression::Helpers
                     return parseError ("Expected expression after \"" + String::charToString ((juce_wchar) (uint8) opType) + "\"");
 
                 if (opType == '*')
-                    lhs = new Multiply (lhs, rhs);
+                    lhs = *new Multiply (lhs, rhs);
                 else
-                    lhs = new Divide (lhs, rhs);
+                    lhs = *new Divide (lhs, rhs);
             }
 
             return lhs;
@@ -835,12 +833,10 @@ struct Expression::Helpers
 
         TermPtr readPrimaryExpression()
         {
-            TermPtr e (readParenthesisedExpression());
-            if (e != nullptr)
+            if (auto e = readParenthesisedExpression())
                 return e;
 
-            e = readNumber();
-            if (e != nullptr)
+            if (auto e = readNumber())
                 return e;
 
             return readSymbolOrFunction();
@@ -848,20 +844,21 @@ struct Expression::Helpers
 
         TermPtr readSymbolOrFunction()
         {
-            String identifier;
+            String identifier;
+
             if (readIdentifier (identifier))
             {
                 if (readOperator ("(")) // method call...
                 {
-                    Function* const f = new Function (identifier);
+                    auto f = new Function (identifier);
                     std::unique_ptr<Term> func (f);  // (can't use std::unique_ptr<Function> in MSVC)
 
-                    TermPtr param (readExpression());
+                    auto param = readExpression();
 
                     if (param == nullptr)
                     {
                         if (readOperator (")"))
-                            return func.release();
+                            return TermPtr (func.release());
 
                         return parseError ("Expected parameters after \"" + identifier + " (\"");
                     }
@@ -879,7 +876,7 @@ struct Expression::Helpers
                     }
 
                     if (readOperator (")"))
-                        return func.release();
+                        return TermPtr (func.release());
 
                     return parseError ("Expected \")\"");
                 }
@@ -894,12 +891,12 @@ struct Expression::Helpers
                     if (identifier == "this")
                         return rhs;
 
-                    return new DotOperator (new SymbolTerm (identifier), rhs);
+                    return *new DotOperator (new SymbolTerm (identifier), rhs);
                 }
 
                 // just a symbol..
                 jassert (identifier.trim() == identifier);
-                return new SymbolTerm (identifier);
+                return *new SymbolTerm (identifier);
             }
 
             return {};
@@ -910,7 +907,8 @@ struct Expression::Helpers
             if (! readOperator ("("))
                 return {};
 
-            const TermPtr e (readExpression());
+            auto e = readExpression();
+
             if (e == nullptr || ! readOperator (")"))
                 return {};
 
@@ -1020,14 +1018,14 @@ Expression Expression::adjustedToGiveNewResult (const double targetValue, const
 {
     std::unique_ptr<Term> newTerm (term->clone());
 
-    Helpers::Constant* termToAdjust = Helpers::findTermToAdjust (newTerm.get(), true);
+    auto termToAdjust = Helpers::findTermToAdjust (newTerm.get(), true);
 
     if (termToAdjust == nullptr)
         termToAdjust = Helpers::findTermToAdjust (newTerm.get(), false);
 
     if (termToAdjust == nullptr)
     {
-        newTerm.reset (new Helpers::Add (newTerm.release(), new Helpers::Constant (0, false)));
+        newTerm.reset (new Helpers::Add (*newTerm.release(), *new Helpers::Constant (0, false)));
         termToAdjust = Helpers::findTermToAdjust (newTerm.get(), false);
     }
 
@@ -1095,7 +1093,7 @@ Expression Expression::getInput (int index) const       { return Expression (ter
 //==============================================================================
 ReferenceCountedObjectPtr<Expression::Term> Expression::Term::negated()
 {
-    return new Helpers::Negate (this);
+    return *new Helpers::Negate (*this);
 }
 
 //==============================================================================

modules/juce_core/memory/juce_ReferenceCountedObject.h

@@ -260,6 +260,15 @@ public:
         incIfNotNull (refCountedObject);
     }
 
+    /** Creates a pointer to an object.
+        This will increment the object's reference-count.
+    */
+    ReferenceCountedObjectPtr (ReferencedType& refCountedObject) noexcept
+        : referencedObject (&refCountedObject)
+    {
+        refCountedObject.incReferenceCount();
+    }
+
     /** Copies another pointer.
         This will increment the object's reference-count.
     */
@@ -310,19 +319,40 @@ public:
         The reference count of the old object is decremented, and it might be
         deleted if it hits zero. The new object's count is incremented.
     */
-    ReferenceCountedObjectPtr& operator= (ReferencedType* newObject)
-    {
-        if (referencedObject != newObject)
-        {
-            incIfNotNull (newObject);
-            auto* oldObject = referencedObject;
-            referencedObject = newObject;
-            decIfNotNull (oldObject);
-        }
-
-        return *this;
-    }
-
+    ReferenceCountedObjectPtr& operator= (ReferencedType* newObject)
+    {
+        if (newObject != nullptr)
+            return operator= (*newObject);
+
+        reset();
+        return *this;
+    }
+
+    /** Changes this pointer to point at a different object.
+
+        The reference count of the old object is decremented, and it might be
+        deleted if it hits zero. The new object's count is incremented.
+    */
+    ReferenceCountedObjectPtr& operator= (ReferencedType& newObject)
+    {
+        if (referencedObject != &newObject)
+        {
+            newObject.incReferenceCount();
+            auto* oldObject = referencedObject;
+            referencedObject = &newObject;
+            decIfNotNull (oldObject);
+        }
+
+        return *this;
+    }
+
+    /** Resets this pointer to a null pointer. */
+    ReferenceCountedObjectPtr& operator= (decltype (nullptr))
+    {
+        reset();
+        return *this;
+    }
+
     /** Takes-over the object from another pointer. */
     ReferenceCountedObjectPtr& operator= (ReferenceCountedObjectPtr&& other) noexcept
     {
@@ -335,8 +365,8 @@ public:
         object to be deleted when the ref-count hits zero.
     */
     ~ReferenceCountedObjectPtr()
-    {
-        decIfNotNull (referencedObject);
+    {
+        reset();
     }
 
     //==============================================================================
@@ -344,6 +374,12 @@ public:
         The pointer returned may be null, of course.
     */
     ReferencedType* get() const noexcept                    { return referencedObject; }
+
+    /** Resets this object to a null pointer. */
+    void reset() noexcept
+    {
+        decIfNotNull (referencedObject);
+    }
 
     // the -> operator is called on the referenced object
     ReferencedType* operator->() const noexcept

modules/juce_core/memory/juce_WeakReference.h

@@ -170,7 +170,7 @@ public:
         {
             if (sharedPointer == nullptr)
             {
-                sharedPointer = new SharedPointer (object);
+                sharedPointer = *new SharedPointer (object);
             }
             else
             {

modules/juce_core/native/juce_osx_ObjCHelpers.h

@@ -149,7 +149,7 @@ static var nsObjectToVar (NSObject* array);
 
 static var nsDictionaryToVar (NSDictionary* dictionary)
 {
-    DynamicObject::Ptr dynamicObject = new DynamicObject();
+    DynamicObject::Ptr dynamicObject (new DynamicObject());
 
     for (NSString* key in dictionary)
         dynamicObject->setProperty (nsStringToJuce (key), nsObjectToVar (dictionary[key]));

modules/juce_data_structures/values/juce_ValueTree.cpp

@@ -60,9 +60,9 @@ public:
         }
     }
 
-    SharedObject* getRoot() noexcept
+    SharedObject& getRoot() noexcept
     {
-        return parent == nullptr ? this : parent->getRoot();
+        return parent == nullptr ? *this : parent->getRoot();
     }
 
     template <typename Function>
@@ -97,31 +97,31 @@ public:
 
     void sendPropertyChangeMessage (const Identifier& property, ValueTree::Listener* listenerToExclude = nullptr)
     {
-        ValueTree tree (this);
+        ValueTree tree (*this);
         callListenersForAllParents (listenerToExclude, [&] (Listener& l) { l.valueTreePropertyChanged (tree, property); });
     }
 
     void sendChildAddedMessage (ValueTree child)
     {
-        ValueTree tree (this);
+        ValueTree tree (*this);
         callListenersForAllParents (nullptr, [&] (Listener& l) { l.valueTreeChildAdded (tree, child); });
     }
 
     void sendChildRemovedMessage (ValueTree child, int index)
     {
-        ValueTree tree (this);
+        ValueTree tree (*this);
         callListenersForAllParents (nullptr, [=, &tree, &child] (Listener& l) { l.valueTreeChildRemoved (tree, child, index); });
     }
 
     void sendChildOrderChangedMessage (int oldIndex, int newIndex)
     {
-        ValueTree tree (this);
+        ValueTree tree (*this);
         callListenersForAllParents (nullptr, [=, &tree] (Listener& l) { l.valueTreeChildOrderChanged (tree, oldIndex, newIndex); });
     }
 
     void sendParentChangeMessage()
     {
-        ValueTree tree (this);
+        ValueTree tree (*this);
 
         for (int j = children.size(); --j >= 0;)
             if (auto* child = children.getObjectPointer (j))
@@ -143,12 +143,12 @@ public:
             if (auto* existingValue = properties.getVarPointer (name))
             {
                 if (*existingValue != newValue)
-                    undoManager->perform (new SetPropertyAction (this, name, newValue, *existingValue,
+                    undoManager->perform (new SetPropertyAction (*this, name, newValue, *existingValue,
                                                                  false, false, listenerToExclude));
             }
             else
             {
-                undoManager->perform (new SetPropertyAction (this, name, newValue, {},
+                undoManager->perform (new SetPropertyAction (*this, name, newValue, {},
                                                              true, false, listenerToExclude));
             }
         }
@@ -169,7 +169,7 @@ public:
         else
         {
             if (properties.contains (name))
-                undoManager->perform (new SetPropertyAction (this, name, {}, properties [name], false, true));
+                undoManager->perform (new SetPropertyAction (*this, name, {}, properties [name], false, true));
         }
     }
 
@@ -187,7 +187,7 @@ public:
         else
         {
             for (int i = properties.size(); --i >= 0;)
-                undoManager->perform (new SetPropertyAction (this, properties.getName(i), {},
+                undoManager->perform (new SetPropertyAction (*this, properties.getName(i), {},
                                                              properties.getValueAt(i), false, true));
         }
     }
@@ -206,7 +206,7 @@ public:
     {
         for (auto* s : children)
             if (s->type == typeToMatch)
-                return ValueTree (s);
+                return ValueTree (*s);
 
         return {};
     }
@@ -215,18 +215,18 @@ public:
     {
         for (auto* s : children)
             if (s->type == typeToMatch)
-                return ValueTree (s);
+                return ValueTree (*s);
 
         auto newObject = new SharedObject (typeToMatch);
         addChild (newObject, -1, undoManager);
-        return ValueTree (newObject);
+        return ValueTree (*newObject);
     }
 
     ValueTree getChildWithProperty (const Identifier& propertyName, const var& propertyValue) const
     {
         for (auto* s : children)
             if (s->properties[propertyName] == propertyValue)
-                return ValueTree (s);
+                return ValueTree (*s);
 
         return {};
     }
@@ -266,7 +266,7 @@ public:
                 {
                     children.insert (index, child);
                     child->parent = this;
-                    sendChildAddedMessage (ValueTree (child));
+                    sendChildAddedMessage (ValueTree (*child));
                     child->sendParentChangeMessage();
                 }
                 else
@@ -274,7 +274,7 @@ public:
                     if (! isPositiveAndBelow (index, children.size()))
                         index = children.size();
 
-                    undoManager->perform (new AddOrRemoveChildAction (this, index, child));
+                    undoManager->perform (new AddOrRemoveChildAction (*this, index, child));
                 }
             }
             else
@@ -288,7 +288,7 @@ public:
 
     void removeChild (int childIndex, UndoManager* undoManager)
     {
-        if (Ptr child = children.getObjectPointer (childIndex))
+        if (auto child = Ptr (children.getObjectPointer (childIndex)))
         {
             if (undoManager == nullptr)
             {
@@ -299,7 +299,7 @@ public:
             }
             else
             {
-                undoManager->perform (new AddOrRemoveChildAction (this, childIndex, nullptr));
+                undoManager->perform (new AddOrRemoveChildAction (*this, childIndex, {}));
             }
         }
     }
@@ -328,7 +328,7 @@ public:
                 if (! isPositiveAndBelow (newIndex, children.size()))
                     newIndex = children.size() - 1;
 
-                undoManager->perform (new MoveChildAction (this, currentIndex, newIndex));
+                undoManager->perform (new MoveChildAction (*this, currentIndex, newIndex));
             }
         }
     }
@@ -389,12 +389,12 @@ public:
         }
 
         output.writeCompressedInt (children.size());
-
-        for (int i = 0; i < children.size(); ++i)
-            writeObjectToStream (output, children.getObjectPointerUnchecked(i));
+
+        for (auto* c : children)
+            writeObjectToStream (output, c);
     }
 
-    static void writeObjectToStream (OutputStream& output, const Ptr& object)
+    static void writeObjectToStream (OutputStream& output, const SharedObject* object)
     {
         if (object != nullptr)
         {
@@ -455,7 +455,7 @@ public:
                 if (auto* next = dynamic_cast<SetPropertyAction*> (nextAction))
                     if (next->target == target && next->name == name
                           && ! (next->isAddingNewProperty || next->isDeletingProperty))
-                        return new SetPropertyAction (target, name, next->newValue, oldValue, false, false);
+                        return new SetPropertyAction (*target, name, next->newValue, oldValue, false, false);
             }
 
             return nullptr;
@@ -598,11 +598,9 @@ ValueTree::ValueTree (const Identifier& type,
         addChild (tree, -1, nullptr);
 }
 
-ValueTree::ValueTree (ReferenceCountedObjectPtr<SharedObject> so) noexcept
-    : object (static_cast<ReferenceCountedObjectPtr<SharedObject>&&> (so))
-{
-}
-
+ValueTree::ValueTree (SharedObject::Ptr so) noexcept  : object (static_cast<SharedObject::Ptr&&> (so)) {}
+ValueTree::ValueTree (SharedObject& so) noexcept      : object (so) {}
+
 ValueTree::ValueTree (const ValueTree& other) noexcept  : object (other.object)
 {
 }
@@ -663,8 +661,11 @@ bool ValueTree::isEquivalentTo (const ValueTree& other) const
 }
 
 ValueTree ValueTree::createCopy() const
-{
-    return ValueTree (createCopyIfNotNull (object.get()));
+{
+    if (object != nullptr)
+        return ValueTree (*new SharedObject (*object));
+
+    return {};
 }
 
 void ValueTree::copyPropertiesFrom (const ValueTree& source, UndoManager* undoManager)
@@ -700,24 +701,30 @@ Identifier ValueTree::getType() const noexcept
 }
 
 ValueTree ValueTree::getParent() const noexcept
-{
-    return ValueTree (object != nullptr ? object->parent
-                                        : static_cast<SharedObject*> (nullptr));
+{
+    if (object != nullptr)
+        if (auto p = object->parent)
+            return ValueTree (*p);
+
+    return {};
 }
 
 ValueTree ValueTree::getRoot() const noexcept
 {
-    return ValueTree (object != nullptr ? object->getRoot()
-                                        : static_cast<SharedObject*> (nullptr));
+    if (object != nullptr)
+        return ValueTree (object->getRoot());
+
+    return {};
 }
 
 ValueTree ValueTree::getSibling (int delta) const noexcept
 {
-    if (object == nullptr || object->parent == nullptr)
-        return {};
-
-    auto index = object->parent->indexOf (*this) + delta;
-    return ValueTree (object->parent->children.getObjectPointer (index));
+    if (object == nullptr)
+        if (auto p = object->parent)
+            if (auto c = p->children.getObjectPointer (p->indexOf (*this) + delta))
+                return ValueTree (*c);
+
+    return {};
 }
 
 static const var& getNullVarRef() noexcept
@@ -848,9 +855,12 @@ int ValueTree::getNumChildren() const noexcept
 }
 
 ValueTree ValueTree::getChild (int index) const
-{
-    return ValueTree (object != nullptr ? object->children.getObjectPointer (index)
-                                        : static_cast<SharedObject*> (nullptr));
+{
+    if (object != nullptr)
+        if (auto c = object->children.getObjectPointer (index))
+            return ValueTree (*c);
+
+    return {};
 }
 
 ValueTree::Iterator::Iterator (const ValueTree& v, bool isEnd) noexcept
@@ -871,7 +881,7 @@ bool ValueTree::Iterator::operator!= (const Iterator& other) const noexcept
 
 ValueTree ValueTree::Iterator::operator*() const
 {
-    return ValueTree (*static_cast<SharedObject**> (internal));
+    return ValueTree (SharedObject::Ptr (*static_cast<SharedObject**> (internal)));
 }
 
 ValueTree::Iterator ValueTree::begin() const noexcept   { return Iterator (*this, false); }
@@ -944,8 +954,11 @@ void ValueTree::createListOfChildren (OwnedArray<ValueTree>& list) const
 {
     jassert (object != nullptr);
 
-    for (auto* o : object->children)
-        list.add (new ValueTree (o));
+    for (auto* o : object->children)
+    {
+        jassert (o != nullptr);
+        list.add (new ValueTree (*o));
+    }
 }
 
 void ValueTree::reorderChildren (const OwnedArray<ValueTree>& newOrder, UndoManager* undoManager)
@@ -1017,7 +1030,7 @@ String ValueTree::toXmlString() const
 //==============================================================================
 void ValueTree::writeToStream (OutputStream& output) const
 {
-    SharedObject::writeObjectToStream (output, object);
+    SharedObject::writeObjectToStream (output, object.get());
 }
 
 ValueTree ValueTree::readFromStream (InputStream& input)

modules/juce_data_structures/values/juce_ValueTree.h

@@ -632,7 +632,8 @@ private:
     void createListOfChildren (OwnedArray<ValueTree>&) const;
     void reorderChildren (const OwnedArray<ValueTree>&, UndoManager*);
 
-    explicit ValueTree (ReferenceCountedObjectPtr<SharedObject>) noexcept;
+    explicit ValueTree (ReferenceCountedObjectPtr<SharedObject>) noexcept;
+    explicit ValueTree (SharedObject&) noexcept;
 };
 
 } // namespace juce

modules/juce_dsp/filter_design/juce_FilterDesign.cpp

@@ -60,7 +60,7 @@ typename FIR::Coefficients<FloatType>::Ptr
     WindowingFunction<FloatType> theWindow (order + 1, type, false, beta);
     theWindow.multiplyWithWindowingTable (c, order + 1);
 
-    return result;
+    return *result;
 }
 
 template <typename FloatType>
@@ -121,7 +121,7 @@ typename FIR::Coefficients<FloatType>::Ptr
         }
     }
 
-    return result;
+    return *result;
 }
 
 template <typename FloatType>
@@ -231,7 +231,7 @@ typename FIR::Coefficients<FloatType>::Ptr
         }
     }
 
-    return result;
+    return *result;
 }
 
 template <typename FloatType>
@@ -290,7 +290,7 @@ typename FIR::Coefficients<FloatType>::Ptr
 
     c[2 * n + 1] = static_cast<FloatType> (0.5);
 
-    return result;
+    return *result;
 }
 
 template <typename FloatType>

modules/juce_dsp/processors/juce_FIRFilter_test.cpp

@@ -178,7 +178,7 @@ class FIRFilterTest : public UnitTest
             AudioBlock<NumericType> fir (firBlock, 1, static_cast<size_t> (size));
             fillRandom (random, fir.getChannelPointer (0), static_cast<size_t> (size));
 
-            FIR::Filter<SampleType> filter (new FIR::Coefficients<NumericType> (fir.getChannelPointer (0), static_cast<size_t> (size)));
+            FIR::Filter<SampleType> filter (*new FIR::Coefficients<NumericType> (fir.getChannelPointer (0), static_cast<size_t> (size)));
             ProcessSpec spec {0.0, n, 1};
             filter.prepare (spec);
 

modules/juce_dsp/processors/juce_IIRFilter.cpp

@@ -99,7 +99,7 @@ typename IIR::Coefficients<NumericType>::Ptr IIR::Coefficients<NumericType>::mak
 
     auto n = std::tan (MathConstants<NumericType>::pi * frequency / static_cast<NumericType> (sampleRate));
 
-    return new Coefficients (n, n, n + 1, n - 1);
+    return *new Coefficients (n, n, n + 1, n - 1);
 }
 
 template <typename NumericType>
@@ -111,7 +111,7 @@ typename IIR::Coefficients<NumericType>::Ptr IIR::Coefficients<NumericType>::mak
 
     auto n = std::tan (MathConstants<NumericType>::pi * frequency / static_cast<NumericType> (sampleRate));
 
-    return new Coefficients (1, -1, n + 1, n - 1);
+    return *new Coefficients (1, -1, n + 1, n - 1);
 }
 
 template <typename NumericType>
@@ -123,7 +123,7 @@ typename IIR::Coefficients<NumericType>::Ptr IIR::Coefficients<NumericType>::mak
 
     auto n = std::tan (MathConstants<NumericType>::pi * frequency / static_cast<NumericType> (sampleRate));
 
-    return new Coefficients (n - 1, n + 1, n + 1, n - 1);
+    return *new Coefficients (n - 1, n + 1, n + 1, n - 1);
 }
 
 template <typename NumericType>
@@ -147,9 +147,9 @@ typename IIR::Coefficients<NumericType>::Ptr IIR::Coefficients<NumericType>::mak
     auto invQ = 1 / Q;
     auto c1 = 1 / (1 + invQ * n + nSquared);
 
-    return new Coefficients (c1, c1 * 2, c1,
-                             1, c1 * 2 * (1 - nSquared),
-                             c1 * (1 - invQ * n + nSquared));
+    return *new Coefficients (c1, c1 * 2, c1,
+                              1, c1 * 2 * (1 - nSquared),
+                              c1 * (1 - invQ * n + nSquared));
 }
 
 template <typename NumericType>
@@ -173,9 +173,9 @@ typename IIR::Coefficients<NumericType>::Ptr IIR::Coefficients<NumericType>::mak
     auto invQ = 1 / Q;
     auto c1 = 1 / (1 + invQ * n + nSquared);
 
-    return new Coefficients (c1, c1 * -2, c1,
-                             1, c1 * 2 * (nSquared - 1),
-                             c1 * (1 - invQ * n + nSquared));
+    return *new Coefficients (c1, c1 * -2, c1,
+                              1, c1 * 2 * (nSquared - 1),
+                              c1 * (1 - invQ * n + nSquared));
 }
 
 template <typename NumericType>
@@ -199,10 +199,10 @@ typename IIR::Coefficients<NumericType>::Ptr IIR::Coefficients<NumericType>::mak
     auto invQ = 1 / Q;
     auto c1 = 1 / (1 + invQ * n + nSquared);
 
-    return new Coefficients (c1 * n * invQ, 0,
-                            -c1 * n * invQ, 1,
-                             c1 * 2 * (1 - nSquared),
-                             c1 * (1 - invQ * n + nSquared));
+    return *new Coefficients (c1 * n * invQ, 0,
+                             -c1 * n * invQ, 1,
+                              c1 * 2 * (1 - nSquared),
+                              c1 * (1 - invQ * n + nSquared));
 }
 
 template <typename NumericType>
@@ -228,7 +228,7 @@ typename IIR::Coefficients<NumericType>::Ptr IIR::Coefficients<NumericType>::mak
     auto b0 = c1 * (1 + nSquared);
     auto b1 = 2 * c1 * (1 - nSquared);
 
-    return new Coefficients (b0, b1, b0, 1, b1, c1 * (1 - n * invQ + nSquared));
+    return *new Coefficients (b0, b1, b0, 1, b1, c1 * (1 - n * invQ + nSquared));
 }
 
 template <typename NumericType>
@@ -254,7 +254,7 @@ typename IIR::Coefficients<NumericType>::Ptr IIR::Coefficients<NumericType>::mak
     auto b0 = c1 * (1 - n * invQ + nSquared);
     auto b1 = c1 * 2 * (1 - nSquared);
 
-    return new Coefficients (b0, b1, 1, 1, b1, b0);
+    return *new Coefficients (b0, b1, 1, 1, b1, b0);
 }
 
 template <typename NumericType>
@@ -275,12 +275,12 @@ typename IIR::Coefficients<NumericType>::Ptr IIR::Coefficients<NumericType>::mak
     auto beta = std::sin (omega) * std::sqrt (A) / Q;
     auto aminus1TimesCoso = aminus1 * coso;
 
-    return new Coefficients (A * (aplus1 - aminus1TimesCoso + beta),
-                             A * 2 * (aminus1 - aplus1 * coso),
-                             A * (aplus1 - aminus1TimesCoso - beta),
-                             aplus1 + aminus1TimesCoso + beta,
-                             -2 * (aminus1 + aplus1 * coso),
-                             aplus1 + aminus1TimesCoso - beta);
+    return *new Coefficients (A * (aplus1 - aminus1TimesCoso + beta),
+                              A * 2 * (aminus1 - aplus1 * coso),
+                              A * (aplus1 - aminus1TimesCoso - beta),
+                              aplus1 + aminus1TimesCoso + beta,
+                              -2 * (aminus1 + aplus1 * coso),
+                              aplus1 + aminus1TimesCoso - beta);
 }
 
 template <typename NumericType>
@@ -301,12 +301,12 @@ typename IIR::Coefficients<NumericType>::Ptr IIR::Coefficients<NumericType>::mak
     auto beta = std::sin (omega) * std::sqrt (A) / Q;
     auto aminus1TimesCoso = aminus1 * coso;
 
-    return new Coefficients (A * (aplus1 + aminus1TimesCoso + beta),
-                             A * -2 * (aminus1 + aplus1 * coso),
-                             A * (aplus1 + aminus1TimesCoso - beta),
-                             aplus1 - aminus1TimesCoso + beta,
-                             2 * (aminus1 - aplus1 * coso),
-                             aplus1 - aminus1TimesCoso - beta);
+    return *new Coefficients (A * (aplus1 + aminus1TimesCoso + beta),
+                              A * -2 * (aminus1 + aplus1 * coso),
+                              A * (aplus1 + aminus1TimesCoso - beta),
+                              aplus1 - aminus1TimesCoso + beta,
+                              2 * (aminus1 - aplus1 * coso),
+                              aplus1 - aminus1TimesCoso - beta);
 }
 
 template <typename NumericType>
@@ -327,10 +327,10 @@ typename IIR::Coefficients<NumericType>::Ptr IIR::Coefficients<NumericType>::mak
     auto alphaTimesA = alpha * A;
     auto alphaOverA = alpha / A;
 
-    return new Coefficients (1 + alphaTimesA, c2,
-                             1 - alphaTimesA,
-                             1 + alphaOverA, c2,
-                             1 - alphaOverA);
+    return *new Coefficients (1 + alphaTimesA, c2,
+                              1 - alphaTimesA,
+                              1 + alphaOverA, c2,
+                              1 - alphaOverA);
 }
 
 template <typename NumericType>

modules/juce_events/broadcasters/juce_AsyncUpdater.cpp

@@ -43,7 +43,7 @@ public:
 //==============================================================================
 AsyncUpdater::AsyncUpdater()
 {
-    activeMessage = new AsyncUpdaterMessage (*this);
+    activeMessage = *new AsyncUpdaterMessage (*this);
 }
 
 AsyncUpdater::~AsyncUpdater()

modules/juce_events/messages/juce_MessageManager.cpp

@@ -294,7 +294,7 @@ bool MessageManager::Lock::tryAcquire (bool lockIsMandatory) const noexcept
 
     try
     {
-        blockingMessage = new BlockingMessage (this);
+        blockingMessage = *new BlockingMessage (this);
     }
     catch (...)
     {

modules/juce_graphics/fonts/juce_Font.cpp

@@ -308,7 +308,7 @@ bool Font::operator!= (const Font& other) const noexcept
 void Font::dupeInternalIfShared()
 {
     if (font->getReferenceCount() > 1)
-        font = new SharedFontInternal (*font);
+        font = *new SharedFontInternal (*font);
 }
 
 void Font::checkTypefaceSuitability()

modules/juce_graphics/fonts/juce_Typeface.cpp

@@ -118,7 +118,7 @@ Typeface::~Typeface()
 Typeface::Ptr Typeface::getFallbackTypeface()
 {
     const Font fallbackFont (Font::getFallbackFontName(), Font::getFallbackFontStyle(), 10.0f);
-    return fallbackFont.getTypeface();
+    return Typeface::Ptr (fallbackFont.getTypeface());
 }
 
 EdgeTable* Typeface::getEdgeTableForGlyph (int glyphNumber, const AffineTransform& transform, float fontHeight)
@@ -140,9 +140,8 @@ EdgeTable* Typeface::getEdgeTableForGlyph (int glyphNumber, const AffineTransfor
 struct Typeface::HintingParams
 {
     HintingParams (Typeface& t)
-        : cachedSize (0), top (0), middle (0), bottom (0)
     {
-        Font font (&t);
+        Font font (t);
         font = font.withHeight ((float) standardHeight);
 
         top = getAverageY (font, "BDEFPRTZOQ", true);
@@ -209,7 +208,7 @@ private:
         float middle, upperScale, upperOffset, lowerScale, lowerOffset;
     };
 
-    float cachedSize;
+    float cachedSize = 0;
     Scaling cachedScale;
 
     static float getAverageY (const Font& font, const char* chars, bool getTop)
@@ -248,7 +247,7 @@ private:
     }
 
     enum { standardHeight = 100 };
-    float top, middle, bottom;
+    float top = 0, middle = 0, bottom = 0;
 };
 
 void Typeface::applyVerticalHintingTransform (float fontSize, Path& path)

modules/juce_graphics/images/juce_Image.cpp

@@ -93,7 +93,7 @@ public:
     LowLevelGraphicsContext* createLowLevelContext() override
     {
         sendDataChangeMessage();
-        return new LowLevelGraphicsSoftwareRenderer (Image (this));
+        return new LowLevelGraphicsSoftwareRenderer (Image (*this));
     }
 
     void initialiseBitmapData (Image::BitmapData& bitmap, int x, int y, Image::BitmapData::ReadWriteMode mode) override
@@ -109,9 +109,9 @@ public:
 
     ImagePixelData::Ptr clone() override
     {
-        SoftwarePixelData* s = new SoftwarePixelData (pixelFormat, width, height, false);
+        auto s = new SoftwarePixelData (pixelFormat, width, height, false);
         memcpy (s->imageData, imageData, (size_t) lineStride * (size_t) height);
-        return s;
+        return *s;
     }
 
     ImageType* createType() const override    { return new SoftwareImageType(); }
@@ -128,7 +128,7 @@ SoftwareImageType::~SoftwareImageType() {}
 
 ImagePixelData::Ptr SoftwareImageType::create (Image::PixelFormat format, int width, int height, bool clearImage) const
 {
-    return new SoftwarePixelData (format, width, height, clearImage);
+    return *new SoftwarePixelData (format, width, height, clearImage);
 }
 
 int SoftwareImageType::getTypeID() const
@@ -187,10 +187,10 @@ public:
 
         {
             Graphics g (newImage);
-            g.drawImageAt (Image (this), 0, 0);
+            g.drawImageAt (Image (*this), 0, 0);
         }
 
-        return newImage.getPixelData();
+        return *newImage.getPixelData();
     }
 
     ImageType* createType() const override          { return sourceImage->createType(); }
@@ -216,7 +216,7 @@ Image Image::getClippedImage (const Rectangle<int>& area) const
     if (validArea.isEmpty())
         return {};
 
-    return Image (new SubsectionPixelData (image, validArea));
+    return Image (*new SubsectionPixelData (image, validArea));
 }
 
 

modules/juce_graphics/native/juce_RenderingHelpers.h

@@ -216,7 +216,7 @@ private:
     {
         for (auto g : glyphs)
             if (g->glyph == glyphNumber && g->font == font)
-                return g;
+                return *g;
 
         return {};
     }
@@ -232,8 +232,8 @@ private:
             misses = 0;
         }
 
-        if (auto* g = findLeastRecentlyUsedGlyph())
-            return g;
+        if (auto g = findLeastRecentlyUsedGlyph())
+            return *g;
 
         addNewGlyphSlots (32);
         return glyphs.getLast();
@@ -1670,13 +1670,13 @@ struct ClipRegions
 
         using Ptr = typename Base::Ptr;
 
-        Ptr clone() const override                           { return new EdgeTableRegion (*this); }
+        Ptr clone() const override                           { return *new EdgeTableRegion (*this); }
         Ptr applyClipTo (const Ptr& target) const override   { return target->clipToEdgeTable (edgeTable); }
 
         Ptr clipToRectangle (Rectangle<int> r) override
         {
             edgeTable.clipToRectangle (r);
-            return edgeTable.isEmpty() ? nullptr : this;
+            return edgeTable.isEmpty() ? Ptr() : Ptr (*this);
         }
 
         Ptr clipToRectangleList (const RectangleList<int>& r) override
@@ -1687,26 +1687,26 @@ struct ClipRegions
                 for (auto& i : inverse)
                     edgeTable.excludeRectangle (i);
 
-            return edgeTable.isEmpty() ? nullptr : this;
+            return edgeTable.isEmpty() ? Ptr() : Ptr (*this);
         }
 
         Ptr excludeClipRectangle (Rectangle<int> r) override
         {
             edgeTable.excludeRectangle (r);
-            return edgeTable.isEmpty() ? nullptr : this;
+            return edgeTable.isEmpty() ? Ptr() : Ptr (*this);
         }
 
         Ptr clipToPath (const Path& p, const AffineTransform& transform) override
         {
             EdgeTable et (edgeTable.getMaximumBounds(), p, transform);
             edgeTable.clipToEdgeTable (et);
-            return edgeTable.isEmpty() ? nullptr : this;
+            return edgeTable.isEmpty() ? Ptr() : Ptr (*this);
         }
 
         Ptr clipToEdgeTable (const EdgeTable& et) override
         {
             edgeTable.clipToEdgeTable (et);
-            return edgeTable.isEmpty() ? nullptr : this;
+            return edgeTable.isEmpty() ? Ptr() : Ptr (*this);
         }
 
         Ptr clipToImageAlpha (const Image& image, const AffineTransform& transform, Graphics::ResamplingQuality quality) override
@@ -1729,7 +1729,7 @@ struct ClipRegions
                     else
                         straightClipImage (srcData, imageX, imageY, (PixelAlpha*) 0);
 
-                    return edgeTable.isEmpty() ? nullptr : this;
+                    return edgeTable.isEmpty() ? Ptr() : Ptr (*this);
                 }
             }
 
@@ -1751,7 +1751,7 @@ struct ClipRegions
                     transformedClipImage (srcData, transform, quality, (PixelAlpha*) 0);
             }
 
-            return edgeTable.isEmpty() ? nullptr : this;
+            return edgeTable.isEmpty() ? Ptr() : Ptr (*this);
         }
 
         void translate (Point<int> delta) override
@@ -1851,25 +1851,25 @@ struct ClipRegions
 
         using Ptr = typename Base::Ptr;
 
-        Ptr clone() const override                           { return new RectangleListRegion (*this); }
+        Ptr clone() const override                           { return *new RectangleListRegion (*this); }
         Ptr applyClipTo (const Ptr& target) const override   { return target->clipToRectangleList (clip); }
 
         Ptr clipToRectangle (Rectangle<int> r) override
         {
             clip.clipTo (r);
-            return clip.isEmpty() ? nullptr : this;
+            return clip.isEmpty() ? Ptr() : Ptr (*this);
         }
 
         Ptr clipToRectangleList (const RectangleList<int>& r) override
         {
             clip.clipTo (r);
-            return clip.isEmpty() ? nullptr : this;
+            return clip.isEmpty() ? Ptr() : Ptr (*this);
         }
 
         Ptr excludeClipRectangle (Rectangle<int> r) override
         {
             clip.subtract (r);
-            return clip.isEmpty() ? nullptr : this;
+            return clip.isEmpty() ? Ptr() : Ptr (*this);
         }
 
         Ptr clipToPath (const Path& p, const AffineTransform& transform) override  { return toEdgeTable()->clipToPath (p, transform); }
@@ -2068,7 +2068,7 @@ struct ClipRegions
             JUCE_DECLARE_NON_COPYABLE (SubRectangleIteratorFloat)
         };
 
-        Ptr toEdgeTable() const   { return new EdgeTableRegion (clip); }
+        Ptr toEdgeTable() const   { return *new EdgeTableRegion (clip); }
 
         RectangleListRegion& operator= (const RectangleListRegion&);
     };
@@ -2267,7 +2267,7 @@ public:
             auto clipped = clip->getClipBounds().getIntersection (r);
 
             if (! clipped.isEmpty())
-                fillShape (new RectangleListRegionType (clipped), false);
+                fillShape (*new RectangleListRegionType (clipped), false);
         }
     }
 
@@ -2282,7 +2282,7 @@ public:
             auto clipped = clip->getClipBounds().toFloat().getIntersection (r);
 
             if (! clipped.isEmpty())
-                fillShape (new EdgeTableRegionType (clipped), false);
+                fillShape (*new EdgeTableRegionType (clipped), false);
         }
     }
 
@@ -2336,7 +2336,7 @@ public:
 
             if (transform.isIdentity())
             {
-                fillShape (new EdgeTableRegionType (list), false);
+                fillShape (*new EdgeTableRegionType (list), false);
             }
             else if (! transform.isRotated)
             {
@@ -2347,7 +2347,7 @@ public:
                 else
                     transformed.transformAll (transform.getTransform());
 
-                fillShape (new EdgeTableRegionType (transformed), false);
+                fillShape (*new EdgeTableRegionType (transformed), false);
             }
             else
             {
@@ -2364,7 +2364,7 @@ public:
             auto clipRect = clip->getClipBounds();
 
             if (path.getBoundsTransformed (trans).getSmallestIntegerContainer().intersects (clipRect))
-                fillShape (new EdgeTableRegionType (clipRect, path, trans), false);
+                fillShape (*new EdgeTableRegionType (clipRect, path, trans), false);
         }
     }
 
@@ -2383,7 +2383,7 @@ public:
                     edgeTableClip->edgeTable.multiplyLevels (1.0f + 1.6f * brightness);
             }
 
-            fillShape (edgeTableClip, false);
+            fillShape (*edgeTableClip, false);
         }
     }
 
@@ -2434,7 +2434,7 @@ public:
                     area = area.getIntersection (getThis().getMaximumBounds());
 
                     if (! area.isEmpty())
-                        if (auto c = clip->applyClipTo (new EdgeTableRegionType (area)))
+                        if (auto c = clip->applyClipTo (*new EdgeTableRegionType (area)))
                             c->renderImageUntransformed (getThis(), sourceImage, alpha, tx, ty, false);
                 }
 
@@ -2609,7 +2609,7 @@ public:
                 std::unique_ptr<EdgeTable> et (font.getTypeface()->getEdgeTableForGlyph (glyphNumber, t, fontHeight));
 
                 if (et != nullptr)
-                    fillShape (new EdgeTableRegionType (*et), false);
+                    fillShape (*new EdgeTableRegionType (*et), false);
             }
         }
     }

modules/juce_graphics/native/juce_mac_CoreGraphicsContext.mm

@@ -78,7 +78,7 @@ public:
     {
         auto im = new CoreGraphicsImage (pixelFormat, width, height, false);
         memcpy (im->imageData, imageData, (size_t) (lineStride * height));
-        return im;
+        return *im;
     }
 
     ImageType* createType() const override    { return new NativeImageType(); }
@@ -162,7 +162,7 @@ private:
 
 ImagePixelData::Ptr NativeImageType::create (Image::PixelFormat format, int width, int height, bool clearImage) const
 {
-    return new CoreGraphicsImage (format == Image::RGB ? Image::ARGB : format, width, height, clearImage);
+    return *new CoreGraphicsImage (format == Image::RGB ? Image::ARGB : format, width, height, clearImage);
 }
 
 //==============================================================================
@@ -896,7 +896,7 @@ Image juce_createImageFromCIImage (CIImage* im, int w, int h)
     [cic drawImage: im inRect: CGRectMake (0, 0, w, h) fromRect: CGRectMake (0, 0, w, h)];
     CGContextFlush (cgImage->context);
 
-    return Image (cgImage);
+    return Image (*cgImage);
 }
 
 CGImageRef juce_createCoreGraphicsImage (const Image& juceImage, CGColorSpaceRef colourSpace,

modules/juce_graphics/native/juce_mac_Fonts.mm

@@ -788,8 +788,8 @@ StringArray Font::findAllTypefaceStyles (const String& family)
 
 
 //==============================================================================
-Typeface::Ptr Typeface::createSystemTypefaceFor (const Font& font)                  { return new OSXTypeface (font); }
-Typeface::Ptr Typeface::createSystemTypefaceFor (const void* data, size_t size)     { return new OSXTypeface (data, size); }
+Typeface::Ptr Typeface::createSystemTypefaceFor (const Font& font)                  { return *new OSXTypeface (font); }
+Typeface::Ptr Typeface::createSystemTypefaceFor (const void* data, size_t size)     { return *new OSXTypeface (data, size); }
 
 void Typeface::scanFolderForFonts (const File&)
 {

modules/juce_gui_basics/lookandfeel/juce_LookAndFeel.cpp

@@ -147,7 +147,7 @@ void LookAndFeel::setDefaultSansSerifTypefaceName (const String& newName)
 {
     if (defaultSans != newName)
     {
-        defaultTypeface = {};
+        defaultTypeface.reset();
         Typeface::clearTypefaceCache();
         defaultSans = newName;
     }

modules/juce_gui_basics/menus/juce_PopupMenu.cpp

@@ -77,7 +77,7 @@ struct ItemComponent  : public Component
       : item (i), customComp (i.customComponent)
     {
         if (item.isSectionHeader)
-            customComp = new HeaderItemComponent (item.text);
+            customComp = *new HeaderItemComponent (item.text);
 
         if (customComp != nullptr)
             addAndMakeVisible (*customComp);

modules/juce_opengl/opengl/juce_OpenGLContext.cpp

@@ -589,16 +589,25 @@ public:
     void execute (OpenGLContext::AsyncWorker::Ptr workerToUse, bool shouldBlock, bool calledFromDestructor = false)
     {
         if (calledFromDestructor || destroying.get() == 0)
-        {
-            BlockingWorker* blocker = (shouldBlock ? new BlockingWorker (static_cast<OpenGLContext::AsyncWorker::Ptr&&> (workerToUse)) : nullptr);
-            OpenGLContext::AsyncWorker::Ptr worker = (blocker != nullptr ? blocker : static_cast<OpenGLContext::AsyncWorker::Ptr&&> (workerToUse));
-            workQueue.add (worker);
-
-            messageManagerLock.abort();
-            context.triggerRepaint();
-
-            if (blocker != nullptr)
-                blocker->block();
+        {
+            if (shouldBlock)
+            {
+                auto blocker = new BlockingWorker (static_cast<OpenGLContext::AsyncWorker::Ptr&&> (workerToUse));
+                OpenGLContext::AsyncWorker::Ptr worker (*blocker);
+                workQueue.add (worker);
+
+                messageManagerLock.abort();
+                context.triggerRepaint();
+
+                blocker->block();
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                workQueue.add (static_cast<OpenGLContext::AsyncWorker::Ptr&&> (workerToUse));
+
+                messageManagerLock.abort();
+                context.triggerRepaint();
+            }
         }
         else
         {

modules/juce_opengl/opengl/juce_OpenGLGraphicsContext.cpp

@@ -111,10 +111,10 @@ struct CachedImageList  : public ReferenceCountedObject,
         {
             TextureInfo t;
 
-            if (textureNeedsReloading)
+            if (textureNeedsReloading && pixelData != nullptr)
             {
                 textureNeedsReloading = false;
-                texture.loadImage (Image (pixelData));
+                texture.loadImage (Image (*pixelData));
             }
 
             t.textureID = texture.getTextureID();
@@ -1660,7 +1660,7 @@ struct SavedState  : public RenderingHelpers::SavedStateBase<SavedState>
                 const std::unique_ptr<EdgeTable> et (font.getTypeface()->getEdgeTableForGlyph (glyphNumber, t, fontHeight));
 
                 if (et != nullptr)
-                    fillShape (new EdgeTableRegionType (*et), false);
+                    fillShape (*new EdgeTableRegionType (*et), false);
             }
         }
     }
@@ -1844,8 +1844,9 @@ struct CustomProgram  : public ReferenceCountedObject,
 
     static ReferenceCountedObjectPtr<CustomProgram> get (const String& hashName)
     {
-        if (auto* c = OpenGLContext::getCurrentContext())
-            return static_cast<CustomProgram*> (c->getAssociatedObject (hashName.toRawUTF8()));
+        if (auto* c = OpenGLContext::getCurrentContext())
+            if (auto* o = c->getAssociatedObject (hashName.toRawUTF8()))
+                return *static_cast<CustomProgram*> (o);
 
         return {};
     }

modules/juce_opengl/opengl/juce_OpenGLImage.cpp

@@ -53,11 +53,11 @@ public:
 
     ImagePixelData::Ptr clone() override
     {
-        Image newImage (new OpenGLFrameBufferImage (context, width, height));
+        Image newImage (*new OpenGLFrameBufferImage (context, width, height));
         Graphics g (newImage);
-        g.drawImageAt (Image (this), 0, 0, false);
+        g.drawImageAt (Image (*this), 0, 0, false);
 
-        return newImage.getPixelData();
+        return ImagePixelData::Ptr (newImage.getPixelData());
     }
 
     void initialiseBitmapData (Image::BitmapData& bitmapData, int x, int y, Image::BitmapData::ReadWriteMode mode) override
@@ -193,7 +193,7 @@ ImagePixelData::Ptr OpenGLImageType::create (Image::PixelFormat, int width, int
         return ImagePixelData::Ptr();
 
     im->frameBuffer.clear (Colours::transparentBlack);
-    return im.release();
+    return *im.release();
 }
 
 OpenGLFrameBuffer* OpenGLImageType::getFrameBufferFrom (const Image& image)